斯瑞英语教材(终).pdf

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1、C O N T E N TChapter 1 Basic English.3Section A Alphabet.3Section B Phonetic Symbol.4Chapter 2 Computer Introduction.7Section A Types Of Computers.7Section B Boot Screen.8Chapters Hardware 1.17Section A CPU.17Section B Mainboard.19Chapter 4 Hardware II.25Section A System Components.25Section B Perip

2、heral devices.26Chapter 5:BIOS or CMOS Setup.30Section A:BIOS/CMOS SETUP.34Section B:STANDARD CMOSTANDARD CMOS SETUP.36Chapter 6 OS and GUI.30Section A Introduction of OS.30Section B Introduction of GUI.31Chapter 7 Windows 2000 and Other OS.错误!未定义书签。Section A Windows 2000 OS.错误!未定义书签。Section B Filen

3、ames in Windows 2000 OS.错误!未定义书签。Section C:other operating systems.错误!未定义书签。Chapter 8 Virus and Anti-virus software.错误!未定义书签。Section A Virus.错误保定义书签。Section B Anti-virus software.错误!未定义书签。Chapter 9 Network basic.42Section A Network Overview.42Section B Network Hardware and Software.44Words.46Chapter

4、 10 Internet and homepage of Microsoft.借误!未定义书签。Section A ABC of Internet Vocabulary.错误!未定义书签。Section B Homepage of Microsoft.错误!未定义书签。Chapter 11 TCP/IP Reference Model.错误!未定义书签。Section A TCP/IP Introduction.错误味定义书签。Section B TCP/IP Model.错误味定义书签。Chapter 12 The OSI model.错误!未定义书签。Section A ISO and O

5、SI.错误!未定义书签。Section B Seven layers of The OSI reference model.错误!未定义书签。Superich:computer-English说明一、课程目的本课程旨在培养和提高学员对英语的学习兴趣。通过本课程的学习，学员能够掌握基本的电脑术语，熟悉常见的电脑界面，理解常用的一些应用软件的使用界面和相关提示。课程结束后，学员能够掌握1 5 0 0 个左右常用词汇（包括6 0 0 个左右专业词汇），1 0 0 个左右常用电脑提示句型。二、课程任务本课程为必修课，内容上与技术课程基本保持一致，但侧重于词汇与常见界面和句型教学，为学员将来走上工作岗位

6、时能熟练运用计算机技术服务。三、选材依据本教材在“斯瑞教育”计算机英语 原有1.。和 2.0 基础上进行调整,教材编写以词汇和界面为主。参考教材：C o m p u t e r S c i e n c e 、C C N A 词汇表、其它技术课程教材。四、授课方式全部采用课堂讲授方式进行授课。教学要求以识记为主。毕业前将有一次以单词和基本句型为主的考试。斯瑞教育学术部2 0 0 5 年 1 月-2-Chapter 1 Basic EnglishSection A AlphabetAlphabetAa eiBb(QXQCc fXH D d m N以Ee XH皿 移 什 F f仇 刘Gg 守N且Hh

7、li aijj 守 夥K k的 几 例LI 仇MmITlONn 见 O o尸 句Pp DXHQqRr 缸且殛口Ss esTt ti:Uu er且Vv KHW w国）&殛且Xx 皿Yy公 修Zz 殛/次m MN以Abbreviation of Computer EnglishHTMLHyper Text Makeup Language超文本标记语言HDDHard Disk Drive硬盘驱动器IBMInternational Business Machines国际商业机器公司ISOInternational Standardization Organization国际标准化组织ISPIntern

8、et Service Provider因特网服务提供者OAOffice Automation办公自动化MSMicrosoft微 软（公司）PnPPlug and Play即插即用PPTPPoint to Point Tunneling Protocol点对点通道协议NFSNetwork File System网络文件系统PCPersonal Computer个人电脑MACMacintosh麦 金 塔（电脑）FATFile Allocation Table文件分配表GUIGraphic User Interface图形用户界面BBSBulletin Board System（电子）公告牌系统CA

9、DComputer Aided Design电脑辅助设计CAIComputer Aided Instruction电脑辅助教学CPUCentral Processing Unit中央处理器WWWWorld Wide Web世界范围网USBUniversal Serial Bus通用串行总线Superich:computer-EnglishRGBRed Green Blue红绿蓝mn善hphogf一双元音oiauia eo1J1Juadrn ts0 wdzh mSection B Phonetic Symbol单元音/)/p /i/u/e/a:/心/%且/i:/bus 阎 今 cup 今口box

10、 设心比？cockcolor 国今 monitorchip 2 N口 linkN艮&jbook buk cook kukegg 仇 丫 bed bedtask 氢国star 0store formbird early 0QXbee bi:tree tri:boot bu:t choose=0H3J-4-/a/双元音/ai/ei/au/1=/j u/F j u:s/Z/C*p/.p /图中口中小为/辅音/b/p/m/f/v/d/t/n/艮/I/Y/k/h/守/technology n目寸 2 合 兴/2/bag 外丫 fat 例spy fspai device 5为 同。O N save sei

11、v space speispower 国口。，%outputnode P乌 follow围点心computer 切中O冏 口小易pusehear 答 为p tearbear&Gy care&jC*pfuel pluralboy同心N coin 切心Nbed bed bike baikpork 心且切people 0DXHOSman OB memory 围。几。中口兴face feis fine fainfive faiv drive 2口公彤。disk disk data SantX 0turn Z Q want 心 noise 心 兴 邦 unit围er国酚pink 口为具咫finger 同

12、。N典丫号line lain light laitsignal 同pig DXT1cake keik logic 图心久守N&jhead hed hide haidpage CIITtNa 守 catch 知初 京match 。86年 Superich:computer-English/b /sheep KHD cash 耳 b usually 同/国 守 彤 measurewon 合 /s/slide fslaid kiss kis/z/zoo zu:exist N Y 图/t/text tekst bit bit/j/yes CflTL*your e/也且/w/word 中易 window

13、 同/draw 口心且 drink 口修臭切/0/tray RIM track 口S&j/r/read 为国ring 口 兴 典 KeyboardHumlock7*：-tone8t444-S2u5就Enter0InsDdESC(escape)返回键Tab(table)表格键(跳格键)Shift上档键Alt(Alternate)互换键Backspace退格键Scroll Lock滚动锁定In se rt改写插入切换键Delete册 U 除键Page U p 上翻键Num Lock数字小键盘锁定键Function Keys 功能键Caps Lock大小写锁定Ctrl(control)控制键Ente

14、r回车键Print screen 抓屏键Pause Break 暂停键Home起始键E nd终点键Page Down下翻键-6-Chapter 2Chapter 2 Computer IntroductionSection A Types Of ComputersComputer can be generally classified by size and power as follows,though there isconsiderable overlap:Notebook computer:An extremelylightweight personal computer.Person

15、al computer:A small,single-usercomputer has a keyboard for entering data,amonitor fbr displaying information,and a storagedevice fbr saving data.Workstation:A powerful,single-user computer.Aworkstation is like a personal computer,but it has a morepowerful microprocessor and ahigher-quality monitor.W

16、 orkstation&Minicomputer:Az_ 11 multi-user computer capable ofsupporting from 10 to hundredsof users simultaneously.Superich:computer-EnglishMainframe:A powerful multi-user computer capable ofsupporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.Supercomputer:An extremely fast computer thatc

17、an perform thousands of billions of instructions persecond.Section B Boot ScreenREU AZIDelMsedM1IBI0SIn te l(R)Celeron S.N.A,R.T.CpAble and Status OKCheck:检查RAM(Random Access Memory)随机存储器Fl2:Network boot 网络启动TAB:Logo标识语ESC:Skip memory test跳过内存检测Auto-Detecting:自检Primary Master:主硬盘Primary Slave:从盘Seco

18、nd Master:第二数据线主盘Second Slave:第二数据线从盘IDE(Integrated Device Electronics):集成设备电路Hard Disk:硬盘Technology:技术Ultra DMA(Ultra Direct Memory Access)超级直接存储访问Mode模式Capable 性能Status状态Superich:computer-EnglishConfiguration 配置Main processor 主处理器Built-in 内建floppy drive 软驱display type显示类型VGA(Video Graphics Array)视

19、频图形接口Date数据external cache 扩展缓存DDR 一种内存条Base Memoiy Size基本内存大小Ext.Memory Size扩展内存大小Serial port 串行端口Parallel Port 并行端 口MB(megabyte)兆字节Processor Clock处理器时钟频率Enabled激活的Share Memory Size共享内存大小Bit位block 块PCI(Peripheral Component Interface)周边元件扩展接口 USB(Universal SerialBus)通用串行总线Controller 控制器Onboard 板载Mult

20、imedia Device 多媒体设备Slot插槽Ethernet以太网Search for 搜索record i己 录-10-Chapter 2Checking file system on C:The type of the file system is FAT32.气:建，少 F A T 3 2.一-needs to be c K eckad F o r c p n i t n c y.Vou腿 tw i H 1，*tfo m r lM e c o w r n J.dT U T r a iJ k ilS S k in w.F r.f i3 seconds.One of your disk

21、s needs to be checked for consistency.You may cancel the disk check,but it is strongly recommended that you continue.To skip disk checking,press any key within 3 seconds.C W c k in v 6 2.n-W F il e t F A T 3 2 Ovw“vmar 4ftsks vw4 t o I chrwty CAncel t W du*,b u t t ttka V c e n t i VMMI Mi wt 11 now

22、 ch e c k th e lt sic.U o lu m S e r ia l M u s te r i MlvMlew*m a n 4 43 F ercew t c w l e t a d l.,Superich:computer-EnglishFile system文件系统FAT(file allocation table)文件分配表need需要consistency 一致性，连贯性cancel取消disk磁盘strongly强有力地recommend 劝告，推荐continue 继续skip跳过press 按key键within在之内MCTOBO*R W in d o w s 200

23、0L_J Professionalft：*?：?牛：喟需.FATM.One”be ckecked For consistncy YouRAV cancel Z”but 11 t t ttronlM rcomwnd4tM tMtvwlwB w ill check th*VolI M Sril Himber it 44CC-851 DMin4wt It w rirv iw f ，！.avwl Folders Ft!aiwt Fl4r variFicat t on is conFlete M(IUO WI Mtt M/(口发布save ITLNO vt.保存search for 中易 搜索secon

24、d 同 R&j中秒Second Master:第二数据线主盘Second Slave:第二数据线从盘Serial Port 串行端口setup设置Share Memory Size共享内存大小simultaneously 彤。中同 何移秒宁adv.同时地single-user 单用户skip&jNCI v.跳过slot 品.插槽small O$Q adj.小的status围代兴中 状态storage围心 口 为 且 守 n.存储s trongly围臭 例ad v.强有力地supercomputer 嵩 易口中切6 0 同 口 8 口 中n.超级计算机support卜中图 的向卜、支持techn

25、ology 虱切身中守N n.技术though 热中目 常 中 conj.虽然，尽管thousand 同 个公 并一千total围总的，全部的Ultra DMA(Ultra Direct Memory Access)超级直接存储访问unit 同 er 国修 单元USB(Universal Serial Bus)通用串行总线verification 国:口兴泰火同 切几兴廿十叫正检验verify 图:0 口为1 与N vt.检验VGA(Video Graphics Array)视频图形接口Volume Serial Number 盘卷序列号Superich:computer-Englishwit

26、hin 在.之内workstation 图也且修行釐中n.工作站-16-Chapter 3Chapter3 Hardware ISection A CPUCentral Processing Unit is the brain of the computer.Sometimes it refers to simply theprocessor or central processor;most calculations take place in CPU.On large machines,CPUs requireone or more printed circuit boards.Onper

27、sonal computers and smallworkstations,the CPU is in a single chipcalled a microprocessor.Two typical components of a CPUare:the arithmetic logic unit(ALU)andthe control unit.The ALU performsarithmetic and logical operations,thecontrol unit extracts instructions frommemory and decodes and executes th

28、em,and it will call on the ALU whennecessary.一个cpu的两个典型的分类，一个是alu和 cu,alu执行算数和逻辑操作，控制单元从内存中抽取指令和编译它们，必要的时候调用ALUThe major CPU manufacturers include Intel,Motorola,IBM,Advanced Micro Devices卫卬MSuperich:computer-EnglishThe Intel mainly provides Pentium and Celeron processors and the AMD mainly provides

29、Athlon,Duron,Thunderbird,Sempron and Opteron processors/INTEL主要提供奔腾和赛扬，AMD主要提供速龙，毒龙，雷鸟，闪龙，和皓龙处理器A specific CPU is mainly described by its clock speed of the system and of the CPU,theamount of cache and external cache available and the bus architecture or supportingcircuitry on the motherboard.一个明确的C

30、PU大致用cpu和系统时钟速度，nJ利用的 缓存和外部缓存量以及总线体系结构或者说是在主板上的支持电路来描述Terms of CPUIC Integrated Circuit 集成电路This is the most important electronic in the 20th century;it is the base of thecomputer structure.这是一个在20世纪最重要的电子技术，它是计算机体系得基础PGA Pin-Grid Array 针格排列This is the most common CPU appearance.这是大多数 cpu 通用外观Slot 1

31、For InteFs Pentium II,Pentium III,and some of its Celeron chips,the CPU is put on asmall circuit board with some external cache memory,and encased or packaged in a plasticcassetteCPU是安装在一个有一些外部缓存的电路板上，并且把它装入或者包裹在一个塑料盒里里面Math Coprocessor数学协处理器The Math Coprocessor is a secondprocessor in your computer

32、,it does allthe calculations which involve floating point(decimal)numbers,such as scientificcalculations and algebraic functions.数学协处理器是计算机上的第二个处理器，它并不做所有的计算，包含浮点数，像、科学和代数功能的计算CacheCache memory,two of the main factors that affect a caches performance are size(oramount of cache memory)and level,(inte

33、rnal and external cache and level 1 or level 2 cache)-18-Chapter 3缓存，影响一个缓存的性能的两个主要的因素是尺寸（缓存的数量）和 级 数（内部和外部的一级或二级缓存）Clock Speed时钟速度The clock speed of a CPU is defined as the frequency that a processor executesinstructions or that data is processed.This clock speed is measured in millions of cycles p

34、ersecond or megahertz（MHz）.C P U时钟速度被定义为处理器执行指令或者处理数据的频率，这个时钟用每秒百万周期或兆赫兹来衡量BUS总线A set of electronic signal pathways that allows information and signals to travel betweencomponents（构成的，组成的，合成的，成分的）inside or outside of a computer.一组能够允许信息和信号在电脑内部和外部元素之间传送电子信号的路径Section B MainboardThe mainboard is the

35、largest circuit board inside your computers case.It*s sometimescalled the system board,the logic board,the baseboard,or the planar board.Everythingconnected to your computer system,plugs either directly or indirectly into the mainboard.It istruly the central nervous system ofcomputer.在你的电脑机箱里面主板是最大的

36、电路板，它常常被称为系统板、逻辑板、基板、平面板。任何一个连接到你的计算机系统的东西，即可以直接也可间接的插到主板上，他是真正的计算机的强健的中枢系统Terms of mainboardPC/XT(personal computer extended technology)This is one of the form factors of mainboard.IBM.It used to be a standard of mainboard.Other standards are AT,ATX.Superich:computer-English它是主板的构架规范之一，IBM个人电脑扩展的技术

37、，它被用于主板的标准之一,其他的标准如AT,ATXExpansion Bus and Expansion SlotsThe expansion bus.or external bus,is made up of the electronic pathways that connectthe different external devices to the rest of your computer;these external devices connect toports on the back of the computer.Those ports are actually part o

38、f a small circuit board orcard that fits into a connector on your mainboard inside the case.The connector is called anexpansion slot.扩展总线，或者外部总线由一系列的电子路径所组成，它们连接不同的外部设备到你的电脑，这些外部设备连接到机箱背后的端口，那些端口确切的说是小电路板的一部分或者说是“卡”，“卡”就是安装在你的机箱主板上的连接接口，他们被称为扩展插槽IRQ(Interrupt Request lin es)(中断请求)Interrupt Request l

39、ines are special pathways directly to the processor that a device usesto get the attention of the CPU when it needs to.DMA Channels(DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS)DMA stands for Direct Memory Access.Bus MasteringThis circuitry,included with the circuitry on a particular device,could allow the deviceto control

40、 its own transfer of data to another device,freeing up the CPU for other tasks.这些电路包括一些独特设备上的电路，能够让设备控制它自己数据迁移到其他设备上，让CPU有更多的空闲去处理其他任务16-Bit ISA Bus(INDUSTRY STANDARD ARCHITECTURE BUS)The Industry Standard Architecture bus(ISA-pronounced ice-ah).-20-Chapter 3Extended ISA,EISA.PCI（周边元件接口）Peripheral C

41、omponent InterconnectUSB（通用串行总线）Universal Serial BusMemory and Other DevicesROM:Read Only Memory 只读存储器PROM:Programmable Read Only Memory 可编程的只读存储器EPROM:Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM:Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryFLASH ROM:A type of EEPROMRAM:Random Ac

42、cess Memory 随机存取存储器DRAM:Dynamic Random Access Memory 动态随机存取存储器。SRAM:Static Random Access Memory 静态随机存取存储器SDRAM:Synchronous DRAM同步动态随机存取存储器DDR-SDRAM:Double Data Rate-SDRAMSuperich:computer-EnglishThe figure below shows some types of RAM:-22-Chapter 3Wordshardware 同笈然且硬件process 口口=图Hl/处理unit 0er4Ht单元b

43、rain 电口乳兴大脑refer 口兴图3%1 提到，涉及simply 0*XODX简单地，仅仅calculation 筵局 n*寻 中.计算machine Q中同廿兴国机器，机械take place 发生require 口兴目 切.公兴河需要，命令printed circuit board E1 刷电路板workstation 图加且切 乳陟曲猛工作站single国为具丫 单一的chipffK D 芯片microprocessor。公修切口卡。冏口口=（）乳就口 微处理器typical他兴口兴物飞叼典型的arithmetic 6身口为个。p.N&j 算术logic 司 的久分N&j 逻辑pe

44、rform 口仲同 於心国。履行，执行operation 画心口 喟口虱为卡专1 操作extract N&j喟口 掰&j.释放，提取instruction N 息口+切 -指令memory 同。几。芦口兴存储器，内寸decode 随 aWN 国局解码execute 国 且执行necessary 必须的major 同。既为义分6 主要的manufacture 禽 O8er*EH 8&j册刊制造include XS 易包括Intel美国英特尔公司，CPU生产商Motorola摩托罗拉公司IBM（International Business Machines）AMD（advanced micro d

45、evices）超微器件美 国 AM D公司，主要生产计算机的CPU芯片Cyrix美国Cyrix公司，世界上较大的CPU芯片生产厂商provide 口口中图中公兴义供应，提供Althlon速龙（AMD的产品）Duron毒龙（AMD的产品）Thunderbird 口中今%总貌国雷鸟（AMD的产品）Sempron闪龙（AMD的产品）Opteron皓龙（AMD的产品）Penium奔腾（Intel的产品）Celeron赛扬（Intel的产品）specific 口 湘兴9 兴明确的，特定的describe：0：N冏口与N切 描述amount 数量internal N图内部的cache rO -高速缓冲存储

46、器external ITL&j碉中外部的available 卡同中说可获得的architecture 同氢体系结构support KP息 口由国支持，支撑motherboard 口0+密中加0口2 主板integrate国兴.*丫口乳兴川 集成circuit 倡电路electronic 修虱 切 身.口 口 修 电子的Superich:computer-Englishtechnology .几切息心寸总守N技术Century 图口如n.世纪Structure 同口结构Math O+个 n.数学Coprocessor n.协处理器Board 电 心 口板encase N图切向为封装入，包住pac

47、kage 图 口国切兴乌包包裹，包plastic倡口/兴切塑料cassette 切 鼠以龈 八句 盒子involve N 图 堂 s 旬 包括common 图共同的appearance 中 同 口为卡口 -外观Float point number 浮点数decimal m ri/N Q%。十进制scientific。*中 冏 NkN&j科学的algebraic雇的奇兴司4 口几於兴切代数的function 图 父+旻功能，函数affect尸图影响main OHtXB主要的factor 同 弁谡切.中1因素，要素define 5 N 同 舟与兴町定义frequency 同 於 口 兴 国修频率m

48、easure 同 O1TL分 中方法，措施，测量cycle国与N&j叨 周期，循环signal 图信号pathway 1 3 氧且个RN路，径a llo w s图 允许information 福兴刀中图。几兴年=.信息travel但口4旅行，传播plug )插上planar 同 口虱兴寸平面的，平坦的directly 兴 息 口几殳也 直接地indirectly 兴兴同口间接地nervous 同神经extend N&j图虱为 扩展standard 图标准connect 图 Rt&je连接port 心 1 端口actually 同晋陟实际上IRQ interrupt request line 中

49、断请求线attention尸 身!TLb p.注意，关注access 同 8位?虱阿访问、存取particular 口号 同 N&je r.p 特殊的device 同:二兴设备、器件transfer 传输，传递task 氧 0/任务industry 由*%兴工业，产业pronounce 口口飞身发音peripheral 口周口为?PP外围的,外部设备的interconnect雇 兴 备量初中用 虱/互联USB通用串行总线programmable HnCJ=fY)riO=s:)可编程的erasable N息 口乳兴就中灰可擦除，可去除的dynamic 乌与N同8ON&j动态的random 同 口

50、 自 a。随机的static 图&5静态的synchronous国兴臭切口飞”同步的rate 口!*速率-24-Chapter 4Chapter 4 Hardware IISection A System ComponentsMicrocomputer,minicomputer,mainframe,and supercomputer systems include devicesto input,process,store,and output data.Study Figure 3-1 to learn about the hardware components you will use o