2023年英语写作离线作业必.pdf

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1、浙 江 大 学 远 程 教 育 学 院 英 语 写 作 课 程 作 业（必 做）姓 名：学 号：年 级：2 0 2 3秋 学 习 中 心：深 圳 Ch a pter 2 D i c t i o n（措 词）1.List th r ee 1 evels of words an d gi v e seve r al e x a mples for each level.Answ e r：F o r m a 1 wor d s,s u ch a s a p p roximatel y,a ccompan y,co n ceal,etc.Comm o n word s,such a s a b out

2、,g o wit h,h ide,etc.Coll o quial w or d s,su c h a s gonn a,how c o me,guy,e tc.2.What ar e the de n ot a t ion and c o nno t at i o n o f aword?Ans w er:D enotati o n is what a wo r d stands f or wi t h ou t a n y emotion a l a s sociatio n sConnotation i s t h e emot i onal,s o c ia 1，and p o li

3、t ic al a s s oci a t ion s a w o r d has i n a d d i tion toits d e nota t ive mean i ng3.Fill in e a c h blan k with o n e of th e folio w ing wo r ds:ki J 1,a s sassinat e,execu t e,mas sa c r e,s la ughter,mur der1)Tw o people were ki 1 l e d i n a c a r ac ci d e n t.2)M a rt i n L u t he r K i

4、 n g was _ a ssas s inat e d_ by a w h i t e people.3)H e i s 1 i k el y to b e _ execu t e d a s amurderer t h i s year.4)They c r uelly _ mass a c red/slaug h t e r e d al 1 th ep e o pie in th e v i 1 1 a ge.5)A c c o r di n g to the p o 1 ice,h e _ murde r e d _ h isr i v al in cold b 1 ood.4.Li

5、s t at least 9 t y p e s of fig u res of speec h a n d gi v e an e x a mple f o r e a c h.Answe r：l.Simil e,s u c h as He r f a c e i s like ared a p pie.2.Me t a p ho r,su c h as Hope is the po o r ma n s br e ad.3.P e r s on i f i c atio n,su c h a s T he time f a te wassmiling to h i m.4.Me t ony

6、my,such a s Ha v e yo u ev e r r e a d Sh a k espeare?5.Syne c do c he,such a s Great mind s th i n k alike.6.O v erst a temen t an d u nderst a t eme n t,sue h a s Herbeauty make s t he bright w o rid d im.7.Tra n s f e r red e p i t h et,sue h a s S h e was s o wo rried ab o ut h e r son t hat s h

7、 e spe n t severa 1 sle e p lessn i g hts.8.Ox y moron,such as W h e n the news o f th e failure came,a 1 1 h i s f riend s said tha t it was a victor i o u s defeat.9.A lliter a ti o n,sue h a s Le a d t h e land we 1 o veC h ap t er 3 The S e nt e n e e（造 句）1.L i s t t h e t ypes o f s e n t e nce

8、s i n term s of st r u ctu re,fu n c t i on and r h e t o ric r es p e ctive 1 y and givea n e xample for e ac h t y pe.Ans w e r:In te r ms of func t ion,s e n t e n c es can b e da ssi f ied i n t o the f o llo w i n g f o ur t y p e s.1.Dec 1 arat i ve s e n t e n c e,e.g.Mary got marr ied a t 19

9、97.2.Interro g ative senten c e,e.g.Di d M a rr y got married?3.Imperativ e sent e nc e,e.g.Do no t la t e ag a i n.4.Exc 1 am a to r y s e n t enc e,e.g.What a b e a utifulf l o w e r!In te r m s o f s t r u c t u r e,se n t e n ces ca n b e c 1assi f i e d i n t o t h e fo 1 1 ow i ng fou r types.

10、1.S im p le s e ntenc e,e.g.T h e dog b a k e d.2.Compo u nd sen t en c e,e.g.Th e dog ba k ed,and theca t yowl e d.3.C ompl e x s e ntence,e.g.A 1 t h ough life is s w e e ti t i s som e t i me s h ard.4.C ompoun d-c ompl e x s entence,e.g.W h en t h eh e a t comes,th e l a k e s dry u p,an d farm

11、e rs kn o w the c r o p s will fall.From a rh e t o r ic point o f v iew,se n t e n c e s canb e cla s s i fied into t h e fo 1 1 owin g tw o t y p e s.1.Loo s e se n tenc e,e.g.I am willing to p a y s 1 ight 1 yh i gher t axe s f o r th e pri v ileg e of 1 iving in C a nada,c o n side r ing the fre

12、e hea 1 t h c a r e,the ch e a p tuitio n fe e s,the low c r ime rate,t he c o mprehensives o c i al p r ograms,and the wonder f ul winte r s.2.Pe r iod i c sen t ence,e.g.Co n side r ing th e f r e e hea It h care,the c h ea p tui t i on f e e s,the 1 ow c rime rate,t h e c omprehen s iv e s oci a

13、1 programs,an d th e w o nde r f u 1 winters,I am willi n g to pay si i gh t ly higher t a xes fo r t h e p riv i le g e of 1 i v i ngi n C a n a da.2.What are the f eatures of a n effecti v e s en t en c e?Answer：Unit y；coherence;concisenes s;e mph a s i s;vari e t y3.List seve r a 1 typ e s of c o

14、 mmon s e n te n c e p roblems and t h e s t r a teg i es to solv e t he s e problems.Answer:1)Re v i s i ng se n t e n c e fra g m e ntsa.)11 1 a c ks a subject ob.)It i s a de p e ndentTw o strategies to r e vis ea.A t tach t he fr a gindepende n t claus eb.T u rn t he f r agment2)Re v is i ng ru

15、n o n sr a v er b or bothcl a usea fragmentment t o an a djac e nt andi nto a sen t enceFou r S tr a tegi e s to revise run-onsa.)r e visi n g with periods.b.)r e vis i n g wit h semicolons.c.)revising w i th coordin a ting c o nj u notion s.d.)r e v i s ing w i th su b ordin a t i ng c o n j unctio

16、 n sor relative pro n ou n s.3)Re v i sing mi s p 1 ac e d a nd d a ngl i ng mo d i fie r sChapter 4 The Pa r a g ra p h（段 落）1.Wh a t a re t h e fe a t u r e s o f an effect i v e p ar agraph?U nity;c o h e r e nee；t ran s i t i on2.L ist s e veral p a tterns of para g r a ph de v elopment an dgive

17、some ex a m p les for e a ch p a t tern.Deve 1 opm e nt by time；pr o ce s s；space;e x am p 1 e and g e ne r alizatio n；compa r i s o n a nd cont r a st；cause a n d e f fee t;classifi c ati o n;d e finitio n and a c ombinat i on of methods.3.Lis t se v era 1 str a te g i e s for effec t ive int r odu

18、c t ions an d co n elusion s.Strate g ies fo r effective i n troductions:Beginnin g w i t h quot a t i on or s e r i e s o r q u o tations;begi n nin g with questio n o r seri e s of questi o ns；begin n in g with d e finit i on;or be g inn i ng with c o nt r o v e rsi a 1 s tat e men t.Strategic s f

19、 o r effect i v e c oncl u s ion s:end i n gwith pr e d i c tio n;e n ding w i t h wa r ning;e n ding w ith re c o m m e n dation f o r acti o n;or en d in gwi t h qu o ta t ion4.Wh i ch sen t e nee i s t he topic s entence i n the f ollowing p a r agraph?My mo ther has pass ed a 1 on g to me c e r

20、t a in rule s f o r ge t ting a 1 ong w i th o thers.(To p ic s e n t en e e)Do n a r gue with pare n t s;they will thi n k you dontlo v e t h em.D o n t a rgu e w i t h c h ildr e n;t h e ywill th i n k them s elv e s victimiz e d.D o n t ar gue with spauses;the y will thi n k you ar e a tire s om

21、e mate.D ont argue wi th st rangers；they will t h ink you a renot f r i en d ly.My m o th ers r u l es,in fact,canb e summed up i n tw o w o rds:D o n t a r g u e.C ha pter 5 The Whole C omposition(完 整 的 作 文)1.Wha t a r e the f e atures of an ef f ective c omp o sit i o n?U n ity;go o d log i c;bal

22、a need struct u r e;imp o rtant,i nte r esting a n d fr e sh idea;cle a r,a ccur a te and appropriatee x p r ession.2.What is a description?Des c r i p t i o n i s paintin g a p i cture i n word s of aperson,p 1 ac e,obje c t,o r s c ene.3.What detail s s ho u 1 d a w riter pay g r ea t a t t e nti

23、on to when d e scri b i n g a person?G i ve s omeexamples.In de s c r i b ing a p er s o n,the w r it e r s h o u l d gived et a ils of his appe a rance,c hara c t e r,thou g hts and fee 1 in g s.E xam p le：”T here he comes!”somebo d y cal 1 e d,and th e n e v e r ybod y w h o wa s in a po s i t ion

24、 tosee w a t ch e d h im as he hurri e d b r e ezily alo n g-ag r a ce f ul,ta 1 li s h man in very light g ray su i t and g ray fedora ha t,wi t h a f u 1 1 squa r e b e ard a t 1 easta s white a s h i s s u i t,wh o mo v ed with e n e r gy,an d sm o k e d p as s i on a t e 1 y at a big ciga r.4.W

25、h a t is a na r ration?To n a rra t e i d is to g i v e a n a c co u nt o f anev e nt or a series of event s.In its b r o adest s e n s e,n a r rativ e w r i ting inc 1 u d e s st o rie s,b i o g raphies,h i storie s,new it e ms,a n d n ar r at i ve p oems.5.Wh a t a spe c t s should a wri t er c on

26、sid e r w he n pl anni n g a n arrativ e?Give some exampl e s.Context,selection of deta i Is,orga n i zati o n,point of v i ew,a n d purpose6.Wha t is an exposit i on?An expository pape r explains or expl o r e s something,sue h as the process of m a k ing a m a c h ine,the c a us e s of a n atur a

27、1 o r social p h e n omenon,t h e pla nnin g o f a pr o jec t,o r the so 1 ution of a p r oblem.7.How c a n a write r a chi e ve c lari t y w h en writing an expositi o n?1)L i mit t h e s ubj e c t or s c ope of discussi o n,f o rit i s impossible t o e x p la i n many things cle a r 1 yin a shor t

28、 e s sa y.2)P r e p ar e e n ough mate r ia 1 s(details o r e x am p 1 es)t o help the exp 1 a nat i o n.3)P res e nt the f a c ts a n d v i e ws in p roper order,in the o r der o f t i me o r o f log i ca 1 sequenc e de p e nding on the nature o f the sub j ect.4)Pay atte n tio n to the accuracy a

29、n d c 1 ari t y o fwords a nd sen t ences;a v o i d ornam e n ta 1 as wellamb i g uous e xpr e s s ions.5)Ma k e t h e ex p o s i t ion,if pos s ib 1 e,inte rest i n g and mo v ing.8.L i s t f i ve patter n s to p la n an e x p os i t i o n,an d e x plain the p r incipl e s a wri t e r s h ould k e

30、ep i n min d w h en usin g e a c h o f t h e f iv e p atterns to p lan an exp o siti o n.1)I 1 lus t r ationa.Selecting suf f i c ien t example s wisely wh i ch a respeci f ic and t y p icab i n t ere s ti n g and r el e vant.b.Arr a ngi n g the s e e x a m p les logic a 1 1 y similar orrelated exam

31、ples sh o u 1 d be g ro u ped t og e t h e rand arra n g ed clima t ic a lly.2)Divis i on an d c 1 as s if i cationa.Ch o os i ng an appropriate p r inciple o f di v ision/c 1as s ification s u ited t o y o u r p ur p o se.b.App 1 y ing yo u r p rin c ip 1 e c o n s is t e nt 1 y a n dthoro u g h ly

32、,an d avoi d ov e r 1 apping.3)Comparison a nd con t r a sta.On 1 y items of t h e same ge n e ral cl a s s c a n b ec ompa r e d/c o n tras t e d.b.A compari s o n/c ont r a st es s ay usually follow sone of t h ese two p a tt e rn s:the subject b y s u b ject pa t t e r n o r the poi n t by-poi n

33、t p attern.c.Thecomp a ris o n/contrast shou 1 d b e bal a n c e d；t hetw o i t e ms b e ing compar e d/c o n t raste d a r e to be gi ven equal treatment.d.T he com p aris o n/c o n t rast should be supp o rte d by co n cret e and relevant f a cts.e.A compar i so n/co n t r ast shows similarities a

34、nd d i fference s in o rd e r t o mak e a partic u 1 ar p o int.4)C a u se and effecta.Do n ot o v e r-simplify c a us e s.b.Bew a re e s p e c i a l l y of m a k i ng a m i sta k e in 1 o gic k nown as the f a llacy of post hoc,erg oprope r h oc.c.D i sti n g u ish be t w e en di r ec t a n d indir

35、ect cans e san d ef f e c ts and b et w e en majo r and m i no rcau s e s a n d e f fects.d.Do n ot om i t links in a chain o f cau s e s a n de ffec t s.e.Be objec t ive and s u pport th e analy s i s with so 1 id,factu a 1 evide n ce.5)D e finitiona.A d e fini t io n p a p e r d i scuss e s a b st

36、ract terms such a s liberty,eq u a li t y,etc.,the d e notat i v e a n d especiallyconn o t a t i v e me a n i ngs of whic h are ofte n di f f e r en t to dif f e rent peop 1 e.b.A d e fini t io n p a per a n s w e r s fully,t h o u ghoft e n i mp 1 icitly,t h e q u estion“What i s.?”c.D ef i ni t i

37、 o n paper s f olio w n o patterns.d.A d e f i nition p aper may be e i t h e r deduc t i v e o rindu c tive.9.What is an arg u ment a t i o n?An argumenta t ive e ssa y t r ies to m a ke r eadersagree w i t h it s p o int of v iew a nd suppo r t it,t opersuade t h em to c h a ng e thei r mind o r b

38、e h avior,a nd to a p prov e a p olicy or a c o urse of a c ti o n that itprop o ses.lO.Wha t a r e th e fea t u re s of an effective a r g ume ntation?A d e bat a ble point,s u f f i c i e n t ev i dence,g o o dlog i c,c l e a r 1 o g i c,go o d us e of the oth e r t h re e ty p e s o f writing,an

39、hone s t and f r i end 1 y atti tudeC h a p t er 8 T h e R e se a r ch Paper(论 文)1.Describe t he p r o c ess of wr i ti n g a rese a rch paper.1)C ho o sin g a topi c.2)C o 1 1 ect i ng i n f ormation.3)Analyzing t h e inf o rmat i o n,organizing ideas and wor king o u t an o u tl i ne.4)W r it i ng

40、 t h e firs t d r aft.5)Revising the d r af t an d finaliz i ng t h e pape r.2.Desc r i b e the struc t ure o f a n a c a demic paper.1)T hesi s s t a t e me n t and outline2)I nt r o duction3)Body4)Conclus i o n5)No t e s a nd b i b 1 i ographyCh a pter 9 P racti c al w riting(应 用 文)1.Des c ri b e

41、the f o rm a t of a no t ic e.d a te a n d time,p lace,activity,bac k ground informa t i on,o t her deta i 1 s2.W r it e a n ote of appo i n t ment,a pol o g y,in v i t ati on,req u est a n d th a nk s r esp e ctively.A p p o i ntme n t:Jun.6D e a r J o s e,C o u 1 d we see e ach othe r f o r a bout

42、 h a l fan hour on Fri d ay a 12 pm?D a nie 1 leAp o logy：J u n.6Dear M a ry,Sor r y that I hav e an urgent mee t ing w ith foreigncustomer t o day.Sh a 1 1 we meet ne x t M o n d ay at 10 oclock?I f not,p 1 ease r i ng m e t o m ake an o th e rt i me.Many t han k s.D a niell eIn v itationMr.a nd Mr

43、s.Zha o Chu n t ianRequest the p 1 e asure of y o ur c ompa n ya ta d inner a t S h e Ido n Hot e 1on Fr i day,10th J u n e,202 3 at 6p.m.Reque s tS h i r 1 e y,Plea s e let me k now what exact tim e of t h e An nual M e e t i n g a s s o on as p o s s i ble.T hank y o u.Da n i elleThan k sDear Ma r

44、 ku s,Th a nk yo u ve r y much for the i n v ita t i on.I wo u 1 d b e d el i g h t e d t o come.D a ni e 1 1 e3.De s cribe the fo r mat of a 1 etter.A l e t t e r h as s i x parts:t h e headi n g,th e i nsidead d ress,the s a lut a tion,the bo d y,t he c o m p 1 imen ta r y cl o s e a n d t h e sig

45、nature.4.Desc r ib e t he format of a cu r r iculum vi t a e.A curr i c ulum v i t ae g eneral 1 y contains t h e f o 1 1o wing in f ormation:n a me,address,t elephone,m a r itai s tatus,edu c ati o n,p r ofes s i o nal/work e xp e r ience,awa r d s/honors a nd scholar s h i p s,p ublication s,pr o

46、f e s si o nal aff i li a t i o n s/membe r s h i p s,1 anguag e s,r eferen ces/referee s,etc.5.Write a n o te of a bo u t 50-6 0 wo r ds based on t h efo 1 lo wi n g situa t io n:You ha ve heard th a t yo u r f r lend,J a ck,wis h e s tosei 1 h is w a l k man.Wri t e him a n ote expr e s sing y o u

47、 r inte rest in it,asking him about its condition a nd offering a p r i ce fo r i t.D ear Jack,I h a v e h eard th a t you w a n t to sell your wal k ma n.Yo u kn ow,1 want t o hu y a used w a l km a n ino rder to do some 1 i s te n i ng pra cti c e.1 w a nt t o knowif your wa 1 kman functio n s wel

48、l.And I o f f e r 2 0 0 yuan tohu y J t.Pl e a s e g i v e me s ome detai 1 ed informa t ion ab out it a s soon as possible.Yours s i n cerelyDanie l i e6.Wri t e a b us i n e ss lette r t o y o u r c u s to m e r to t a Ik ab o ut t he p ri c e y our c o mp a ny off e r st o b u y his/h e r c om p

49、uters.You think tha t the p r ic eh e/she o f f ered i s t o o hig h and you t h i nk th a t5800 RMB for each c o m p u te r i s b e tter for b oth s i des.Now w r i t e a b u s i ness letter to expresst h is in t e nti o n.Pay at t ention to the fo r m o f a b usin e ss l e t t e r.Dear Sir,Th a nk

50、 you for yo ur offer for th e c omputer b ut i tis t o o hi gh.To a c cep t the price y o u quote wouldleave us only a smal 1 p r o f i t on our sal es be c a us et h e p r i n c i pie demand in our city is f o r art i c 1 es in the medium price rang e.I thi n k 5800RMB fo r eachc omp u ter i s bet