2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国乙卷英语试题（解析版）.pdf

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1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每

2、段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是C。1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the man suggest going to the

3、 park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Its new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the comer.第二节（共 15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独

4、白读两遍。听第6 段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their

5、business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.Ifs easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at atime.听第8 段材料，回答第10至 12题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal w

6、ith artists.C.How to run a museum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the army.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandfs.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.听第9 段材料，回答第13至 16题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law f

7、irm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tired ofit.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.For

8、giving.听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.

9、Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go for the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love for his home country.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共 15小题;每小题2 分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raebu

10、rn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands bestloved painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout theworld,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture Serie

11、sScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the generalpublic.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.Exhibition TimesAn Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.,15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn s English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.,13.10JUDY EGERTONCh

12、aracters and Characterisation inRaeburn s PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist s Training in the18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.,13.10MARTIN POSTLEMonday一 Saturday 10.00 17.45 Sunday 12.00 17.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:24 26 De

13、cember and 1 January.Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up toand including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.1.What is th

14、e right time for attending Raeburn s English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.3.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They sh

15、ould come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.【答案】LB 2.B 3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利 雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角 Raeburns English Contemporaries 部 分“Thursday 30 Oct.（10月 3 0 日星期四）”可 知,在 10月 3 0 日星期四可以去参加Raeburns EnglishContemporarie

16、s.,故选 B 项。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Admission 部 分 4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult areadmitted free.（4 英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。）”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两 个 12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8 英镑。故选B 项。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 a A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to allin full-time education,u

17、p to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups withteachers.（所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2 英镑的特别低入场费。）”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C 项。BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.一 Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwood traveled

18、 to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So forthem to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with stringwas a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Noth

19、ing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor andDorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,theyrealized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the

20、Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rarebaths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from thecold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book,s

21、he expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,whichof course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns thebuilding of the railroads,which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies,often in blindingsnowstonns.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys r

22、eturn to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow allaround them.

23、Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.4.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.5 What can we learn

24、about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.6.Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.7.What is the text

25、?A.A news report.B.A book review.entry.【答案】4.A 5.D 6.C 7.BB.The living conditions in Elkhead.D.The natural beauty of the West.C.A childrens story.D.A diary【解析】【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-Doroth

26、y Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the RockyMountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.（1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩-Dorothy Woodruff和 Rosamond Underwood-来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。）”可知，Dorothy和 Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A 项。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local famil

27、y,the Harrisons,and like them,hadlittle privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in themorning.（他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。）”以 及“In spring,the snow was replaced bymud over ice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D 项。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数

28、第二段A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowsloims.（令人毛骨悚然的一 段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C 项。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return toAub

29、urn.（这本书以Rosamond和 Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段 Wickenden is avery good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to somebeautiful writing Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B 项。cCan a small group of drones（无人机）guar

30、antee the safety and reliability of railways and,atthe same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likelyfuture of applying todays eyes in the sky“technology to making sure that the millions ofkilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基不出设施）worldwide are saf

31、e for trains on a 24/7basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure suchas the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they

32、can beinspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costswould be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnelsafety.It is calculated that European ra

33、ilways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a yearon maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the railinfrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crewsefforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could

34、 also start providing higher-value services forrailways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.Toperform these tasks,drones fbr rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now workingon a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving

35、 on the track ahead of thetrain,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI andtravelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,theycould signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8.W

36、hat makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at highaltitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones reliable performance inremote areas.9.What does“maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Pe

37、rsonnel safety.C.Inspection and repair.10.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.C.To earn profits for the crews.11.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedB.Assistance from dron

38、es.D.Construction of infrastructure.B.To make trains run automatically.D.To accelerate transportation.C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼 的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第

39、二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tensionelectrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vitalaspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.（无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面

40、，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置）”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【9 题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“Il is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,toinspect and repair the rail infrastructure.（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元

41、，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在 maintenance 上的费用是用于 inspect and repair the rail infrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知 uThat includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protectionof railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C 项：Inspection and repair（检修）含义相近。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“

42、Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI andtravelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,theycould signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.（带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车

43、能够及时做出反应。）”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。1 1 题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee thesafety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions ofeuros each year?That is the very likely future of applying today 5s“eyes in the sky“technology tomak

44、ing sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）world wideare safe for trains on a24/7 basis.（一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。）”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术

45、，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D 项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministersfirst predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax whi

46、ch applies to soft drinks containing more than 5gof sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）.It is believed thattodays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,puttingthem at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was ex

47、pected to make 520m a year for the Treasury.However,data ofthe first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected togenerate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have h

48、ad their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers（制 J造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewerkilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers9 efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasuryfigures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every

49、 litreof sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax andare refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and mostalcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are s

50、mall companies manufacturing fewer than Im litres peryear.Today5s figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugartax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating inschools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and ac