2020近年高考真题语法填空.pdf

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1、近年高考真题语法填空2018年全国卷I第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live threeyears 61(long)than non-runners.You don t have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and stillreduce your risk of

2、63(die)early by running.While running regularly can t make you live forever,the review says it 64(be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the

3、risk ofheart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.it sprobably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,doexercises to 68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and getgood running shoes.Running is cheap,easy

4、and it s always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the samebenefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.考点分析有提示词无提示词谓语动词非调语动词名词单复数比较级词性转换代词冠词介词定从 名从状从井列121121011000答案与解析61.longer根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。62.to see根据句意 要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑，t。se

5、e作目的状语。63.dying介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。64.is本文讲述跑步的好处用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can,t make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。65.than这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的more effective可知，此处用than。66.that/which此处用that/which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。67.causes根据句意 每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险 以及all可知，cause用复数形式。68.strengthen此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语your

6、leg muscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen.,69.energetic本句为主系表结构,故此处应该用形容词作表语。70.it/running give it/sth a try是固定短语,意为 尝试某事物。2018年全国卷n第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 61(grow)more corn than rice.Corn productio

7、n has jumpednearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7percent.A taste for meat is 63(actual)behind the change:An important part of itscorn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn,s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of r

8、ice64(improve)water quality.Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates lessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.This switch has decreased 66(pollute)in thecountry1 s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer forpeople.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent oftotal 67(globe)fert

9、ilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture finds that between 2005 when the government 68(start)a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations tofarmers and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.Thatprevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon di

10、oxide.China s approach to protecting its environment while 70(feed)itscitizens,offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakersworldwide,says the bank s Juergen Voegele.考点分析有提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换名词单 复数代词比较级冠词介i22300110答案与解析61.has grown由Since 2011”自2011年以来 可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且

11、主语the country是单数名词。62.the此处特指过去的25年。63.actually应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change.64.to improve根据语境 改善水质 是 政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。65.than less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。66.pollution 此处作 decrease 的宾语，应填名词 pollution,67.global此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为 全世界的化肥总消耗量。68.started根据上下文可知作者在说2005年

12、发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。69.that/which 根据语境”.gives s specific fertilizer recommendationsto farmers修 饰a soil-testing program,先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者whicho70.feeding when/while+现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句。2018年全国卷III第 二 节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。F m not sure 61 is mor

13、e frightened,me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）thatsuddenly appears out of nowhere.T m walking on a path in the forest inthe Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,I m face-to-face with thegorilla,who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.That makes herbaby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He sc

14、reams the 63(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest andcharges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64(look)directly into his eyes so he doesn,t feel 65(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.I m a 66(science)who studies animals suchas apes and monkeys.I

15、was searching 67 these three western lowlandgorillas f d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and mycolleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 68(they)alive.True to a gorilla s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 69(mean)me no real ha

16、rm.He wasjust saying:I m king of this forest,andhere is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me70(stay)and watch.考点分析谓语非谓语比较等级构词法代词13111答案与解析61.which【名词性从句/连接词】根据下文的me or the female gorilla可 知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词whicho62.the【冠词（定冠词）at the top of one*s lungs是固定短语,意为 用

17、尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。63.loudest【副词（最高级）由空格后的of all可知，雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。64.looking【非谓语动词（动名词）】avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doingsth意为 避免做某事。65.challenged【非谓语动词（过去分词）】主语he与challenge（对 挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。66.scientist【构词法】此处介绍 我 的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientisto67.for【介词】此处意为 我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩。searchfo r意 为“搜 寻 。6

18、8.them【代词（人称代词）】人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。69.meant【谓语动词（时态）】全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。70.to stay【非谓语动词(动词不定式)】allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 允许某人做某事，因此应填t。stay。2018年浙江卷第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.MakingChinese

19、56(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 57come to China cook much less than in their own countries once theyrealize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.I still remember 59(visit)a friendwho d lived here for five years and I 60(shock)when I learnt she hadn,t cooked once in all that time.

20、While regularly eating out seems to 61(become)common for manyyoung people in recent years,it s not without a cost.The obvious one ismoney;eating out once or twice a week may be 62(afford)but doingthis most days adds up.There could be an even 63(high)cost on yourhealth.Researchers have found that the

21、re is a direct link between theincrease in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64(weigh)problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the nexttime you go to your mum,s home 65 dinner,get a few cooking tips fromher.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to not

22、ice the effectsnot only on your health but in your pocket.考点分析有提示词无提示词谓语动词非调语动词名词单攵数比较级词性转换代词冠词介词定从名从状从并列211121011000答案与解析56.dishes名 词dish作 饭 菜 解 时 是 可 数 名 词，此处表示泛指，故 应 填dish的复数形式。57.who/that此处缺引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who 或 that。58.it分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。59.visiting remember doing st

23、h 意为 记得做过某事。60.was shocked shock和主语I之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态。61.have become由in recent years可知此处用不定式的完成式表示这一现象从过去某时一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。62.affordable止匕空在be动词后，由此可知此处应填形容词。63.higher此处是在进行比较,故用high的比较级形式。64.weight这里是指 体重问题，故应用名词weight作定语。65.for go to some place for dinner去某个地方吃饭。介词for在此表示目的。2017年全国卷I第二节（共 10小题；每小题1.

24、5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lowerfat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medicalcommunity（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease,has had someunintended side 62（effect）such as overweight and hear

25、t diseasethevery thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for severalother bodily functions.When fat and salt 64(remove)from food,thefood tastes as if it is missing som

26、ething.As 65 result,people will eatmore food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67(be)full offat and salt;by 68(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fatthan they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt

27、 in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 69(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to havetoo much of both,70 is not good for the health.考点分析有提示词无提示词动词名词单复数比较级词性转换代词冠词介词其他谓语非ilj1定从名从状从 并列221110111000答案与解析61.a s

28、【介词】根据语境 这种趋势，由医学界发起的作为战胜心脏病的一种方法”可知,此处应填介词as.62.effe cts【名词（复数）】根据上文出现的some和下文的overweight andheart disease可知effect应用复数形式。63.to process【非谓语动词（动词不定式）】根据语境 需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物 和关键词required可知，此处应填to process。64.are removed【谓语动词（一般现在时的被动语态）】文章描述的是客观事实,且主语fat and salt与谓语动词remove为被动关系，因此此处应填areremoved o65.a【冠词

29、】as a result为固定搭配，意为 作为结果。66.worse【比较级（形容词的比较级）】上文提到 人们吃了更多的食物，下文又提到 人们吃快餐的量增加了，前后构成递进关系，因此用比较级。evenworse意为 更加糟糕的是。67.is【谓语动词（一般现在时）】根据上下文可知，快餐富含脂肪和盐 是客观事实，且主语Fast food是第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。68.eating【非谓语动词（动名词）】by+动名词 作方式状语。此处意为 吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的更多的盐和油脂。69.careful【词性转化（名词变形容词）】结合上下文，此

30、处意为 当心不要过度(摄 入)，因此系动词be之后应用形容词carefuL70.which【定语从句连接词】结合上下文,此处意为 可能二者吃的太多，对我们的健康不利，且.is not good for the health缺少主语，因此应填关系代词which,指代上文提到的内容。2017年全国卷II第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened inLondon.It ran for just u

31、nder seven kilometers and allowed people toavoid terrible 61(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 62work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interestingmethod.This included digging up the road,63(lay)the track and thenbuilding a strong roof over 64 top.When all those

32、had been done,theroad surface was replaced.Steam engines 65(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 66(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within sixmonths,more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day

33、.Later,engineers 68(manage)to construct railways in a system of deeptunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development wasonly possible with the 69(introduce)of electric-powered engines andlifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 70(success)ofthese new lines,and was opened in 19

34、00.It had white-painted tunnelsand bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.考点分析有提示词无提示词动词名词I1 U数比较级词件转换代词冠词介词其他语非谓定从名从状从并列211031110000答案与解析61.crow ds【名词复数】crowd为可数名词，且由terrible可知，这里强调人多。因此crowd用复数形式。62.from【介词】与上文的to对应，此处意为 乘地铁上下班。63.laying【非谓语动词（动名词）63（lay）the track和上文的dig

35、ging upthe road及下文的building a strong roof.是并歹I 结构，因此用layingo动名词短语作included的宾语。64.th e【冠词】根据语境 这包括挖路，铺设轨道，然后在所挖的顶部建造一个结实的屋顶，此处表特指，因此填the。65.were u se d【谓语动词（一般过去时的被动语态）】根据语境 蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢。文章叙述的是过去的事，且主语Steam engines与use为动宾关系。66.fa irly【词性转化（形容词转化为副词）】止匕处修饰形容词unpleasant,应填副词 fairly。67.i t【代词】此处意为 然而，很快证实

36、铁路是很大的成功，且在六个月内，超过25,000人每天都在使用它。it指代句子的主语the ra订way。68.managed【谓语动词（过去时）】根据上下文可知作者在描述过去的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。69.introduction【词性转化（动词转化为名词）】根据语境 只有随着电力发动机和电梯的引入，这种改善才有可能，with后应接名词作其宾语。70.successful【词性转化（名词转化为形容词）】根据语境 伦敦中央地铁是这些新线中最成功的之一”，此处易错写成successes。2017年11月浙江卷第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容

37、(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIt s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.Likemany things in life,it,s 56 ongoing process,and the best part of theprocess is that therez s enough room for improvement,57 means youII just keep getting better and better.Of course yo

38、u have to work at it.You wouldnt think that a few 58(month)of exercise in your teens wouldbe enough 59 the rest of your life,and thaf s also true for building yourvocabulary you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will findthat you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the 60(effect)ways to b

39、uild vocabulary is to read good books.You need to 61(real)read at least one good book a week,preferably aclassic.This isn t as hard as it 62(sound),and it is far better than anyother method because you improve your vocabulary while 63(read)aninteresting piece of literature.Another nice thing is that

40、 you learn bothnew words and 64(they)use unconsciously,meaning that you will tendto use the words 65(learn)this way in conversations almostautomatically.考点分析有提示词无提示动词 名 词 比 较 词 性代词冠彳谓 语 非 谓 单 复 级 转换词V语 数1 2 1 2111答案与解析56.a n【冠词】由语境可知”和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程，因此用不定冠词an表示泛指。57.which【定语从句关系词】分析句子结构可知

41、，57 means you1 II.空白处所填的词指代逗号前的 there s enough room for improvement,which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。58.m onths【名词单复数】month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。59.f o r【介词】be enough for sth对 已足够。60.effective【词性转换】此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”，因此填effective。61.really【词性转换】此处应用副词修饰不定式t。read,因此填really。62.sounds【谓语动词】本句意为 这件事并

42、不像听起来那么难，描述的是一般事实，且主语为it,因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。63.reading【非谓语动词（现在分词）】逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading作状语；也可视为状语从句while you arereading.的省略形式。64.their【代词】此句意为 另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法”，use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。65.learned/learn t【非谓语动词（过去分词）learned/learnt作后置定语修饰words,表示 已学过的词，words与learn是被动的关系，因

43、此用过去分词。2016年全国卷I第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia s biggest building,andfancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are itstop 61_(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profitPanda Base,wher

44、e ticket money helps pay for research,I_62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.Fromtomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be _63_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandasgoes back 64_ my days on a TV show in the m id-1

45、9 8 0 s,65_ I wasthe first Western TV reporter_66_(permit)to film a special unit caringfor pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial dutieswill include 67_(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas atChengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my

46、 recent visit,I help a lively three-month-old twin that had beenrejected by 68_(it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few_69_(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,_70other is with mum-she never suspects.答案与解析本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫的所见所闻。61.attraction考查名词。形容词top后面跟名

47、词形式。62.was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物，be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事。63.officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。64.to考查介词。固定短语:go back to 回到。65.when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语,因为先行词是时间，故填wheno66.permitted考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。67.introducing考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式。68.its考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。69.days考查名

48、词复数。Few修饰复数名词。70.the考查冠词。固定短语:one.the other 一个 另一个“。【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many,few,a few,several,anumber of,hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much,a little,little,a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more,such,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a quantity of,quantities of 等。2016年全国卷n第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白

49、处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a stepback and identify(识别)those of 41(great)and less importance.Then,handle the most important tasks first so you II feel a real sense of 42(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43(be)oft

50、enacceptable.Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we arelater in the day.So,get an early start and try to be as productive 45possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to getyou through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 46(study)show