2022年人教版中考英语总复习 第一部分教材知识梳理 八年级(下)Units 5-6.pdf

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1、八年级（下）Units 5-6教材词汇分层训练举 重 点 单 词 背 记1 .storm九暴风雨2.1ight九光;光线;光亮3.area几地域;地区4.window几窗;窗户5.match九火柴6.against prep.倚;碰;撞7.kid艮开玩笑;欺骗8.realize/realise比理解;领会;认识到9.passage.章节;段落lO.pupil几学生11.date.日期;日子12.tower.塔;塔楼13.stone几石头14.bit.一点;小块15.silly她.愚蠢的;不明事理的16.object几物体;物品T.ta i.尾巴18.stick.棍;条1 9 ftJ适合;合身2

2、0.couple .（尤指）夫妻;两人;两件事物21.smile v.&.笑;微笑22.silk几丝绸;丝织物23.nobody pron.没有人 也小人物24.stupid 切.愚蠢的25.husband 几丈夫26.whole Q为.全部的;整体的27.ground几地;地面28.voice九声音争 重 点 单 词 拓 展1 .begin艮开始一 began（过去式）begun（过去分词）beginning.开始:根源2.s uddenly 4dH突然:忽然7 sudden 力.突然的3.s tr a n g e.奇特的;奇怪的 stranger n.陌生人4.wind.风 windy a

3、di.多风的5.wood几木:木头一 wooden a力.木制的6.beat u敲打;打败几跳动:节拍beal（过去式）beaten（过去分词）7.rise v.&几升起:增加;提高rose（过去式）-risen（过去分词）8.icy。力.覆盖着冰的:冰冷的icc.冰:冰块pletely 彻底地:完全地l complete/完 成。力.完整的;完成的lO.silence几沉默:缄默:无声sile n l 力.沉默的:静止的 silently adv.沉默地:寂静地11.recently或/艮 不久前:最近 recenl a力.近来的12.weak adj.虚 弱 的;无 力 的weakness

4、 n.弱点;虚弱13.hide v.隐藏;隐蔽hid（过去式）hidden（过去分词）14.magic。力.有魔力的;有神奇力量的.魔法:魅力一 m agical胃 力.神奇的15.excite乜 使 激 动；使 兴 奋 t exciling adi.令 人 兴奋的excited adj.（某 人）感 到 兴 奋 的 一 excitement n.激动;兴奋16.Western。切.西方国家的;（尤指）欧美的 泗 方 的（W可以小写）west ad比 向 西;朝 西 向 西 的;西 部的几西酒方17.marry v.结婚t married（过去式/过去分词）T m arriage几婚姻18.g

5、old几金子;金币。力.金色的一 golden 力.金（黄）色的:金质的:美好的19.wife.妻子:太太t wives（复数形式）2O.shine比发光:照耀一 shone（过去式/过去分词）21.bright adv.光亮地;明亮地a力.明亮的:光线充足的brightly或拉明亮地:鲜明地22.1ead以带路:领路一 led（过去式/过去分词）一 leader九领导:领袖23.brave。力.勇敢的:无畏的一 bravely adu.勇敢地部 重 点 短 语 积 察l.go off（闹钟）发出响声2.pick up（the phone）接电话3.at first起初;起先4.fall as

6、leep进入梦乡;睡着5.die down逐渐变弱;逐渐消失6.have a look 看一看7.make ones way前往;费力地前进8.i n silence沉默;无声9.take down拆除;往下拽;记录lO.a little bit有点儿;稍微11.instead of 代替;反而12.turn.into 变成13.once upon a time 从前14.fall in love爱上;喜欢上15.get married 结婚年 核 心 词 汇 语 境 练根据首字母及汉语提示补全单词I.He could not tell whether the floor was made o

7、f stone or wood（木头）.2.Those who have a strong will will never be bnolen（打败）.3.Mr.Wang was so tired that he fell asleep（睡着）at his desk.4.Betty is weak（弱的）in the science subjects.5.Lily tried the dress on but it didnt fil（合适）.6.Try to be bravo（勇敢的）to face any difficulties in life.熟词生义Might熟义:儿光;光线;光亮;

8、灯生义:也点亮;点燃adj.少量的;轻的;轻松的;浅色的(1)The custom of lighting the Olympic flame(奥运圣火)goes back centuries.(A)(2)Dandelion(蒲 公 英)seeds are so light that when wind blows,it carries dandelion seeds to newpIaces.(2021 河南)(C)(3)Never cross the street when the red light is on.(2020安徽)(B)A.点 燃B.灯 C.轻的2.match熟义:几火柴生

9、义:也(使)相配;般配;匹配儿比赛;竞赛;相配的人(或物);般配的人(或物)(l)And Ive been coaching a soccer team in a local primary school for the last two years.Wee won most ofour matches.(2021 浙江台州 X A)(2)Im looking for a pair of shoes to match my white dress.(B)A.比 赛B.匹 配C.火柴3.date熟义:.日期；日子生义:也注明日期;追溯到;和约会儿约会;会晤时间(l)This kind of bu

10、ilding dates back to the Ming Dynasty.(A)(2)Ive got a date with Lucy tomorrow night.(B)(3)The next important date in the history of photography(摄 影 术)was in 1837.(2021 黑龙江齐齐哈尔)(C)A.追溯到 B.约 会C.日子4.object熟义:几物体;物品生义:几目标也不赞成;反对(1)Her only object in life is to become a volleyball player.(A)(2)Many local

11、 people object to the building of the new airport.(B)A.目 标B.反 对C.物体5.bright熟义:adv.光亮地;明亮地。的.明亮的;光线充足的;光明的生义:的.聪明的(l)If you want to be happy,look at the bright side.(2017安徽)(D)(2)Jean is a bright girl who always gets good grades.(B)A.明亮地 B.聪明的 C.光亮地 D.光明的6.lead熟义:也带路;领路生义”率领;导致;通向比领先地位;榜样;主角(1)Good n

12、otes can lead to less stress(压力)when test time comes around.(2021 重庆 A 卷)(A)(2)Then you are probably quiet,shy,and would rather follow than lead.(2011 安徽)(B)(3)The team recovered its lead in the second half.(C)A.导 致 B.领导C.领 先 地 位 D.通向名师考点精讲重 点 词 汇考 点 Ipick u p 的用法【教材原句】I called at seven and you didn

13、t pick up.我 7 点给你打电话 了，你没有接。（P34）pick up为动副短语,有多种含义。常见含义如下：释义例句拿起;提起;拾起;捡起He picked his hat up from the floor and put it on his head.他从地上捡起帽子,把它戴在了头上。挑选Did you pick up the gifts for our teachers?你给我们的老师挑选礼物 了吗？（通常指开车）接;载;取走We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.我们第二天早上开车去机场接苏珊。（不费

14、力地）获得;学会Where did you pick up your English?你在哪里学的英语？活学活用Sam some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A.put up B.looked upC.showed up D.picked up【解析】考查动词短语。句意:萨姆仅仅通过观看别人的操作就学会了一些电脑知识。pick up“学会”，符合语境。【答案】D考点 2 辨析 beat,win,lose 和 fail【教材原句】Ben was helping his mom make dinne

15、r when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨猛烈地敲击着窗户的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。(P35)1 .beat作名词时，意为“跳动;节拍”昨动词时，意为“敲打;打败就胜”，其宾语通常是人、球队等。常用搭配:beat sb.at/in sth.“在某事上战胜某人”。例如:He beat me at chess.他下棋赢了我。He beat me in the race.他在赛跑中赢了我。2.win意为“赢;胜利”，其后接的宾语一般是奖品、比赛、辩论、选举、战斗等名词。例如：We are looking forward

16、 to winning the match tonight.我们期待今晚能赢得比赛。3.1ose意为“未赢;被打败;输掉(比赛、诉讼案件、辩论等)”。常用搭配:lose sth.“输掉某物”;lose to sb.“输给某人”。例如：We lost the basketball match yesterday.我们昨天输 了 篮球比赛。We lost to Class 2 in the basketball match yesterday.我们在昨天的篮球比赛中输给了二班。4.fail意为“不及格;失败;未能做到”。常用搭配:fail to do sth.“未能做成某事”;fail in st

17、h 在某事上失败”。例如：She failed to get into an art college.她未能进入艺术学校。活学活用l.You should believe in yourself.Nobody else can you.A.win B.beat C.lose D.fail【解析】考查动词。句意:你应该相信你自己。没有人能打败你。根据语境可知，此处表示“打败”,且后接人作宾语，应 用beat【答案】B2.I my driving test again.-Cheer up!I believe you can make it next time.A.failed B.lost C.b

18、eat D.won【解析】考查动词。句意:一我这次驾照考试又没过。振作起来!我相信你下次会通过考试的。此处表示“（考试）不及格”，应 用 faiL【答案】A考 点 3against的用法【教材原句】Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨猛烈地敲击着窗户的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。（P35）against作介词，常见用法如下:释义举例逆（与某个方向或过程相反）;反对;违反swim against the river 逆流游泳be against

19、war反对战争碰;撞hit against a tree 撞到了 一棵树倚;紧靠（与接触）stand against the wall 靠墙站着（在比赛或战斗中）与.兄争，对抗win the match/game against Class 5 在与五班对抗的比赛中取得胜利拓展延伸（1）若表示 强烈反对”,一般与副词strongly,heavily等词搭配。例如:They are strongly against the idea.他们强烈反对这个主意。（2）disagree也有“反对;不同意”之意，但 disagree是动词。例如：I disagree with you.=Fm agains

20、t you.我反对你的观点。活学活用1 .Lets put the piano over t h e r e,t h e wall.A.above B.againstC.through D.around【解 析】考 查 介 词。根 据 语 境 可 知，此 处 指 将 钢 琴 靠 墙 放 着，应 用 介 词 against above 在h面”;through”穿过;通过”;around围绕。【答案】B2.Driving after drinking is the law.We should never do it.A.for B.on C.againstD.from【解析】考查介词。句意:酒后

21、驾驶是违法的。我们绝不应该这样做。against the law“违法”，符合语境。【答案】C考点4marry的用法【教材原句】The new couple were so happy that they couldnt stop smiling when they got married.这对新婚夫妇是那么高兴，以至于在结婚时止不住地笑。(P44)1 .marry是动词，意为“结婚”，表示动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见搭配:marry sb.“嫁给某人;与某人结婚”;marry sb.to sb.“把某人嫁给某人;让某人娶某人。marry 一般不与介词with连用。例如：She m

22、arried her husband two years ago.两年前她嫁给了 她丈夫。The mother married her daughter to a businessman.这个妈妈把她的女儿嫁给了一 位商人。2.married作形容词，意为“已婚的;结婚的”。龈 迪 1 1 更意为嘴嫌患示劲但悬韭延辘动词短造祖当于 marry,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，若要与表示一段时间的状语连用，应用延续性动词短语bemarried。常见搭配:be/get married to sb.“与某人结婚”。例如：Are you married or single?你结婚 了还是单身？She h

23、as been married for five years.她已经结婚 5 年了。Jane got married to a doctor last month.上个月简和一位医生结婚了。活学活用同义句转换，每空一词(2021 黑龙江绥化)The Blacks got married thirty years ago.The Blacks have been married for thirty years.【解析】句意:布莱克夫妇是30年前结婚的。结合转换句中的“have”和for thirty years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词,m arry是短暂性动词，其延续性

24、动词短语是be married,故 填 beenmarried。考点51ead的用法【教材原句】Its leading us to that wonderful house made of bread,cake and candy,它正把我们弓I 向那座由面包、蛋糕和糖果做成的美妙房屋。(P47)意为”领导;带领;引向;导致;过着生活”-lead sb.(in)doing sth.”领导或带领某人做某事”p 作动词一 lead sb.to(do)sth.“使或导致某人做某事 lead t。”引起.导致(某种结果);通向(某地)”(-L lead a life”过着 生活”意为”带头;领先;主角

25、”-(作名词卜-take the lead“带头”L play the lead in the film”在影片中担任主角”妙辨异同辨析 lead,guide 和 direct(l)lead表示“带路;领路”，指走在前头，引到目的地。例如:You lead,and well follow.你带头，我们跟着你。guide表示“给某人领路(或导游)”，强调一直陪在一旁，边走边讲。例如：She guided the tourists around the city.她带领游客参观了 这座城市。(3)direct表示“给(某人)指路”,只指出方向，不一同去。例如：Could you direct me

26、 to the railway station?你能给我指一下去火车站的路吗？活学活用单词拼写I dont know the way,so youd better lead(带路).【解析】根据首字母及汉语提示可知此处填单词lead,而 had better后跟动词原形，故填lead。重 点 句 型考点6So,when the rainstorm suddenly came,what were you doing?那么，当暴风雨突然来临的时候，你在做什么?(P34)when意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。例如：When you called,!was taking a shower.当你打

27、来电话的时候，我正在洗澡。妙辨异同辨析when和 while(l)when和 while都有“当.的时候”的意思。但 when引导时间状语从句时，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的，可与主句动作同时发生，也可先于主句动作发生。while在引导时间状语从句时,其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，而且常与主句的动作同时发生。例如：I was just cooking when she came into my house.当她走进我家时，我正在做饭She came into my house while I was just cooking.当我正在做饭时,她走进 了 我家。妙辨异同（2）whil

28、e还有“而，却”之意，表示对比;when则没有此意。例如：Mr.Green likes coffee while his wife likes tea.格林先生喜欢喝咖啡，而他的妻子喜欢喝茶。活学活用1.（2021 山西改编）Please dont hurt the little animals you see them on the street.They are ourfriends.A.soB.when C.unless D.though【解析】考查连词。句意:当你在街上看到小动物时，请不要伤害它们。它们是我们的朋友。when“当的时候”,符合语境。【答案】B2.（2021 河北）I l

29、ove to listen to rock music I am running.A.while B.afterC.since D.until【解析】考查连词。句意:我喜欢在跑步的时候听摇滚乐。while”当时”，符合语境。【答案】A安徽中考真题精选I.单项填空1.（2020安徽第 26 题）一This time,we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.一I a gr e e.but we ourselves can find a way out.（B）A.Everybody B.NobodyC.Somebody D.Anybody2.

30、（2019安徽第 41 题）一Shall we go to the airport to your sister?一I dont think its necessary.She will come here by taxi.（B）A.see offB.pick upC.look after D.come across3.（2018安徽第 36 题）Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three.（C）A.ofB.in C.againstD.from4.（2016安徽第 32 题）Cathy has such a go

31、od that she won many prizes in singing competitions lastyear.（C）A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time5.（2016安徽第 38 题）一Look at the stone bridge!Do you know it was built?一In the 1860s.It is quite old.（A）A.when B.how C.where D.why6.（2016安徽第 41 题）1 saw Sam and David in the playground yesterday afternoon.They games withtheir classmates then.（D）A.play B.will playC.are playing D.were playingII.单词拼写1.（2014安徽第 98 题）You are b avc（勇敢的）enough to accept such a difficult job.2.（2013安徽第 97 题）1 could hear her sweet voice（嗓音）from the next room.