2018年高考英语浙江卷真题.pdf

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1、K解密2018年高考英语浙江卷真题解析试卷导航语篇话题体裁词数难度阅读理解A查尔斯狄更斯说明文318+111=429易阅读理解B塑 料 袋 和可 重 复 使用 的 购 物袋（如棉布袋），哪个对 环 境 更不利？议论文276+111=387中阅读理解C汽车的影响说明性议论文297+93=390中阅读七选五如何成为好邻居说明文224+99=323中完形填空越 忙 的 人越 可 能 把事做好议论文253语法填空在外吃饭的坏处说明文203申书面表达求职信应用文80（左右）中读后续写荒野迷途记叙文323+150（左右）难1试题解读第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第 一 节（共 10小题；每小题2.

2、5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AIn 1812,the year Charles Dickens was born,there were 66 novelspublished in Britain.People had been writing novels for a century-mostexperts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 一 but nobodywanted to do it professionally.The steam-p

3、owered printing press was still inits early stages;the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%.Manyworks of fiction appeared without the names of the authors,often withsomething like“By a lady.Novels,for the most part,were looked upon assilly,immoral or just plain bad.In 1870,when Dickens died,the

4、 world mourned him as its firstprofessional writer and publisher,famous and beloved,who had led anexplosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whosecharacters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim-were held up as moraltouchstones.Today Dickens5 greatness is unchallenged.Removing him

5、fromthe pantheon（名人堂）of English literature would make about as muchsense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach tostories,literature is a numbers game,and the test of time is extremelydifficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were publis

6、hed during the Victorian2age,from 1837 to 1901;today a casual reader might be able to name ahalf-dozen of them.Ifs partly true that Dickens,style of writing attractedaudiences from all walks of life.Ifs partly that his writings rode a wave ofsocial,political and scientific progress.But ifs also that

7、 he rewrote theculture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever knowwhat mix of talent,ambition,energy and luck made Dickens such adistinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches,itis possible and important for our own culture to understand how hemade hi

8、mself a lasting one.21.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.22.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to s t

9、 r e s s.A.his reputation in France B.his interest in modern artC.his success in publication D.his importance in literature23.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Vict

10、orian age.语篇解读3关键词Charles Dickens主旨概要本文是一篇说明文，英国文学史上的泰斗狄更斯诞辰200周年即将来临，作者探讨他的历史地位，以此纪念这位伟大的作家。百科知识查尔斯狄更斯 Charles Dickens,（1812.2.71870.6.9）,1 9 世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。主要作品有DavidCopperfield 大卫科波菲尔、Great Expectations 远大前程、Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿、Hard Times 艰难时世、A Christmas Caro/圣诞颂歌、A Tale of Two Cities 双城记等。原文出处选自美国

11、Time 时代周刊，原文名为Charles in Chargehttp:/content.time.eom/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2104835,00.htmlhttps:/www.xzbu.eom/9/view-3152548.htm语言知识重难点词plain adv简直，绝对；explosion激增，爆炸式增长；readership 读者；touchstone 试金石；some adv 大约；name说出 的名字；distinguished卓越的，杰出的；approach（时间上）临近；lasting持久的重难点词块for the most part 通

12、常，多数情况下；look on/upon.as.把看作;hold u p 举 出（例子），提 出（作为榜样）；remove.from.将 从 去除；sell off 甩卖，抛售；attach feelings to 寄感情于；all walks of life 各行各4业；ride a/the wave o f受益于,乘 之势长难句分析In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as itsfirst professional writer and publisher,famous andbeloved,who had led an expl

13、osion in both the publicationof novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim-were held up as moraltouchstones.句意为：1870年，狄更斯去世，世人把他当作第一位职业作家和出版商来哀悼，声名远播，受人爱戴。他使得小说的出版数量和读者人数都有了爆炸式增长，他所创造的人物，从小奥利弗到小蒂姆，也被当做是道德的试金石。when引导时间状语从句，who和whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first professiona

14、l writer andpublisheroRemoving him from the pantheon of English literaturewould make about as much sense as the Louvre selling offthe Mona Lisa,句意为：如果英国文学的神圣殿堂里少了他，那就好比是卢浮宫卖掉了蒙娜 丽莎一样。写作句型But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches,it ispossible-and important for our own culture tounderstand

15、 how he made himself a lasting one.答案与解析521.C 事实细节题根据第一段最后一句Novels,for the most part,werelooked upon as silly,immoral or just plain bad.可知，在 18 世纪，小说被认为愚蠢、伤风败俗或者干脆就是差劲，也就是说小说在那时被认为几乎毫无价值。22.D 推理判断题根据第二段 Today Dickens5 greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon of English literature wou

16、ld make about asmuch sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.可推断，作者将狄更斯与 蒙娜丽莎这幅世界名画对比，是想强调狄更斯在文坛的地位。23.A 写作目的题全文主要讲述狄更斯的伟大及其小说对世界文学的影响,再 结 合 本 文 最 后 一 句 But as the 200th anniversary of his birthapproaches可知狄更斯诞辰两百周年即将来临，由此可知作者写本文的目的是为了纪念狄更斯这位伟大的作家。BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.H

17、is strange habit makessense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studieshow to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as theydrive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steinsjobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

18、Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing numberof cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited insome 90 cities in California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag m

19、akers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that theirproducts are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.6Among the bag makers,arguments:many cities with bans still allowshoppers to purchase paper bags,which are easily recycled but requiremore energy to produce and transport.An

20、d while plastic bags may be uglyto look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the groundtoday.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as itsreplacement:reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is,thelonger its life and the more plastic-bag use it c

21、ancels out.However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One studyfound that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for theplanet than plastic.Environmentalists don dispute（质疑）these points.They hope paperbags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to

22、 use the samereusable bags for years.24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.25.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of c

23、ity development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bagmakers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.7C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.27.What is

24、 the best title for the text?A.Plastic,Paper or NeitherB.Industry,Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control语篇解读关键词environmental scientist,plastic shopping bags,reusable bags主旨概要本文是一篇议论文，聚焦塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋，究竟哪一个对环境的危害更大。原文出处http:/ v审视，细看（因本文是议论文，用 词 比 较 正 式

25、，如prohibit,assume,purchase,require 等）重难点词块make sense讲得通，合乎情理；end u p最终处于，最终成为；take aim at sb/sth把目标对准某人/某事物；cancel ou t抵消，对消长难句分析Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiringscientists like Stein to make the case that their products arenot as bad for the planet as most people assume.句意为：注思到这些

26、禁令后，塑料袋生产商聘用像斯坦这样的科学家来证8答案与解析明他们生产的塑料袋对地球的损害不像大多数人认为的那样糟糕。Eyeing these headwinds是现在分词短语作伴随状语，to make the case 作目的状语，that their products.assume是同位语从句，解释说明case。写作句型What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that agrowing number of citi

27、es do not allow them at checkouts.24.D事实细节题根据第一段最后一句one of Stein?s jobs is defendingan industry behind the plastic shopping bag.以及第二段.plastic-bagmakers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their productsare not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知，斯坦受雇于塑料袋生产商为塑料袋的使用提供正面的论

28、据。25.A词义猜测题第二段讲述的是塑料袋由于污染环境而被越来越多的城市禁用，看到这一情况，塑料袋生产商于是找科学家为塑料袋代言。根据文章的意义可知，headwinds指的是禁用塑料袋这一情况。26.D事实细节题 根 据 第 三 段 倒 数 第 二 句However,longer-lastingreusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，制作可重复利用的购物袋更耗能源，这是缺点。27.A主旨大意题 本文通过对比塑料购物袋和可重复使用的购物袋各自的利弊来讨论哪一种对环境更有害，故A选项为最佳标题。CAs cultural symbols

29、go,the American car is quite young.The Model T9Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the firstrolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27,1908.Only elevencars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would buildfifteen million of them.Modern America

30、was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shapedsome of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,thebillboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,thecar represented what it meant to be American going forward at highspeed to find new worlds.The road nove

31、l,the road movie,these are the mosttypical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and anever-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project inhistory.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in everypot and a car in every garage.Since then,this society

32、has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-basedsociety into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a globalecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percentsince 1990.The problems of excessive（过度的）

33、energy consumption,climatechange and population growth have been described in a book by theAmerican writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for thebest.Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep10American strength.The ability to design,build and export greentechn

34、ologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundantfood is going to be the currency of power in the new century.28.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans,love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the populari

35、ty of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.29.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubt

36、ful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.语篇解读关键词car,culture,energy consumption主旨概要本文是一篇说明性议论文，主要讲述了汽车的诞生对美国社会和文化产生的重大影响。1.福特T 型车的面世使1908年成为工业史上具有重要意义的一年：T 型车以其低廉的价格使汽车作为一种实用工具走入了.修函;加百科知识_ _ _ _ _ _ _ii寻常百姓之家，美国亦自此由农业社会转变为工业强国，成为了“车轮上的国度，。2.美 国 梦(American Dream)：自1776年以来，世代美国人都深信，只要经过努力奋斗便能获得更好的生活。两百多年来，“美国梦”一直激励着世

37、界各地怀揣梦想的人，来到这片土地创造自己的价值，美国也因此成为全球众多成功人士的摇篮。3.motel是motor和hotel的合成词，即汽车旅馆,以前是指没有房间的旅馆，可以停车，而人就在汽车内睡，只不过比停在外面多了层保护而已。汽车旅馆与一般旅馆最大的不同点，是汽车旅馆提供的停车位与房间相连，一楼当作车库，二楼为房间，为典型的汽车旅馆房间设计。汽车旅馆多位于高速公路交流道附近，或是公路离城镇较偏远处，便于以汽车或机车作为旅行工具的旅客投宿。4.“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage”是 1928年美国总统大选，共和党候选人胡佛提出的

38、竞选口号，意为“家家锅里都有鸡，家家车库里都有车”，承诺人人都能过上好日子，预示着美好富裕的生活。语言知识重难点词shape决定 的形成；power强国；drive激励，推动；strength 实力；stress 强调重难点词块as.go 就 而 E；behind a wheel at high speed高速地；interstate highway 州际公路；public works 公共12工 程（或建设）长难句分析For most of the last century,the car represented what itmeant to be American-going forwa

39、rd at high speed tofind new worlds.句意为：上世纪大部分时期，汽车代表着美国人的特征一 一 高速前进去发现新的世界。what itmeant to be American 为宾语从句，作 represent 的宾语。Since then,this society has moved onward,never lookingback,as the car transformed America from a farm-basedsociety into an industrial power.句意为：从那以后，随着汽车将美国从一个农业社会转变成一个工业强国，美国

40、就勇往直前，不曾回头。never looking back作伴随状语。答案与解析28.B 推理判断题根据第二段第二句，The car shaped some of the mostlasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,themotel,even the hamburger.可知作者提到hamburger是为了说明汽车对美国文化的影响。29.B 事实细节题根据第四段，汽车的普及导致了全球性的生态灾难，可知答案。30.C 观点态度题 由倒数第二段 He fears the worst,but hop

41、es for the best,以及最后一段Friedman指出绿色经济是美国保持实力的机会，可以推断Friedman认为美国的未来是充满希望的。第 二 节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10分）13根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an excitingexperience.Of course,you want to make sure that you become an acceptedand valuable part of your new

42、 neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplishthis is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.31Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a goodneighbor is to keep your property（房产）neat,clean,and in good repair.32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great sha

43、pe,you willhelp to improve the look and feel of the area.Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag.33 This smallact will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer

44、to collect mail andnewspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable,while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.35 By following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care ofwhat belongs t

45、o you,and taking pride in the appearance of theneighborhood in general,you will quickly become a good neighbor thateveryone appreciates.A.In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C.Being a good neighbor is more or

46、less about considerate behavior.14D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to doshopping.E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick itup.F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh andinviting.G.Here are a few tips to help you wi

47、n over everyone in the neighborhoodquickly.语篇解读关键词new home;new neighborhood;a good neighbor主旨概要本文是一篇说明文，给搬入新社区的人提供了一些建议，帮助他们成为好邻居，被新社区的人接受和认可。原文出处http:/ oneself 举止，表现；in good repair/in great shape状况良好；overall appearance 整体外观；take seriously 认真对待;take pride in 为.骄傲;keep an eye o n 照看，留意;help ou t帮助（某人

48、）摆脱（困境）,帮一把；moreor less几乎，差不多；win sb over赢得某人的支持长难句分析Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passingcar,pick it u p.句意为:如果你碰巧看到了路过的车丢出的废15答案与解析纸，就把它捡起来。should“（表示可能）如果，万一”，thrown out of a passing car为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 waste paper o写作句型You want to make sure that you become an accepted andvalu

49、able part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure youconduct yourself as a good neighbor should.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in theneighborhood quickly.31.G 作者提到人们搬到新社区，都希望被邻居们接受。那么，就需要注意自己的行为举止，成为别人眼里的好邻居。而下面几段就这一点提了一些建议，所以此处需要一个概括下文的句子，即选项G。

50、32.F 此段给出的建议是，作为好邻居，要保持自己的房子干净、整洁。选项 F 的内容说明了这样做的原因，是对第一句话的进一步解释和补充。33.E 根据该空前的“When going for a walk,take along a small garbagebag.”可知，下一句会解释带一个垃圾袋做什么。该空后的“This small act”是关键词。34.B 该空后列举了两件助人的小事：“帮助出城的邻居取邮件和报纸，帮助生病的邻居采购食品杂货。”和选项B 中的“help out in small ways”对应。该空是本段的主题句，引出后面内容。1635.C 该空后面列举了一些行为：“尊重别