考研讲义教师讲解音标大牛版.pdf

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1、专题1:常用词缀讲解第一组：ab&ada b表示背离，否定abandon vt.放弃abnormal a.反常的，不正常的 abnormal phnomenonabsorbVt.l.to take sth in through 吸收2.i nclude sth/sb as part o f;merge with 并吞3.hold the interest of sb fully 使（精神）贯注a.wholly involved or occupied;engrossed 热衷的；专注的abstracta.1.existing in thought but not having practica

2、l 抽象的；理论上的，不现实的2.difficult to understand;深奥的；难以理解的Vt.l.to take away;remove 抽取;拿走2.to summarize;概括；归纳n.摘要，梗概2003英译汉Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”,like the concept of“set”in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makespossible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.abun

3、danta.plentiful大量的，充足的，丰富的abusev.l.to use wrongly or improperly;misuse 舌 L用，滥用2.to hurt or injure by maltreatment 虐待，伤害n.1.imp roper use or handling;misuse 误用；恶习2.physical maltreatment 虐待，伤害plete;total绝对的；完全的，纯粹的，确实的2.unrestricted;unlimited;unqualified 无条件的，不受限制的3.having unlimited power 专制的，独断的4.cer

4、tain;undoubted 确实的，肯定的ad=t o表 示 朝 着AD=to,toward 不断的去做某事（a,ac,af,ag,al,an,ap,ar,as,at）adaptv.l.make sth suitable for a new use,situation 适合新的用途、情况2.become adjusted to new conditions,etc 适 应（新环境等）1999年英译汉Social science methodologies had to adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical

5、sources rather than theimperatives of the contemporary world.adjustv.1.put(sth)into the correct order or position;arrange 整理；整顿；安排2.become or make suited(to new conditions);adapt 使适合(新环境等)；适应admitv.l.to permit to enter 允许进入2.to permit to exercise the rights浒 可，准许允许行使.的权利3.to grant to be real,valid,o

6、r true确认承认是真实的，有事实依据的adoptv.l.take sb.Into ones family 收养某人2.take over 采纳3.choose sb.as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表addictn.1.person who is unable to stop taking drugs 有瘾的人2.person who is strongly interested in sth 对某事物有强烈兴趣的人v.strongly interested in sth as a hobby 嗜好adjoininga.neighbor

7、ing;contiguous 贴邻的;毗邻的administrationn.1 management 经营2 the activity of a sovereign state in the exercise of its powers or duties 行政admirev.1.to regard with pleasure,wonder,and 叩proval 愉快、惊奇及赞同的心情看待2.to enjoy喜欢，想要喜欢某物advocatev.speak publicly in favour of(sth)拥护；recommend;support 提倡；支持n.拥护者，鼓吹者，提倡者第二组

8、：ad的同化现象accordv.l.to cause to conform or agree;bring into harmony.使符合，使同意;使和谐2.to grant,especially as being due or appropriate 授予，尤其是应当或恰当的n.符合，一致acceleratevt.l.to increase the speed of 力 口 速，促进，力口 快 的速度2.Cause to occur sooner than expected 使比预期发生的要早account 构词ac表强调+count计数 帐户，数n.会计人员，会计师accumulatev.

9、gradually get or gather together,聚集而成；堆积acknowledgev.1.accept the truth of（sth）;admit（sth）承 认（某事物）属实；供 认（某事物）2.report that one has received（sth）告知已收到（某物）accomplishVt.To reach the end of;complete 达到终点;完成;实现（计划）appointv.appoint sb to sth/appoint sb as sthto choose sb for a job or position of responsib

10、ility 任命；委任to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing 安排,确 定（时间 地点）assemblev.1.to bring or call together into a group or whole 召集2.to fit together the parts or pieces of 装 酉 己vi.to gather together;congregate 集合09 年：automotive-assembly 汽车流水线assertVt.l.to state or express positively 断言2.to defe

11、nd or maintain维护（坚持自己的权利）n.1,the act of asserting 武断的行为2 something declared or stated positively 断言assignVt.To set apart for a particular purpose,select for a duty;appoint派给，分配，选定，指定2002英译汉As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned tos

12、tates of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions.assaultv.to make an assault猛烈地攻击，袭击n.a violent physical or verbal attack 突然而猛烈的进攻attachv.1 .to fasten,secure or join 系 贝 占2.to connect as an adjunct or associated condition or part 使联系3.toascribe or assign 归咎于4.to

13、bind by emotional ties,as of affection or loyalty 使喜爱，使依恋第三组：c o及其变体Lcooperatev.1.to work or act together toward a common end or purpose 合 作2.be compliant 顺从3.benefit 协作 cooperation儿合作，梆作cooperative.合作的，轨力的2000英译汉They may alter the structure of education,or interfere in order to reduce the wastage o

14、f natural resources or tap resourceshitherto unexploited;or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science,economics and industry.coordinaten.one that is equal in importance,rank,or degree 同等的 人或枷a.1.of equal importance,rank,or degree 同等的2.of or involv

15、ing coordination协调的或涉及协调的v.1.to place in the same order,class,or rank.将置于同一次序、类别或等级中2.to be coordinate 使同等3.to form a pleasing combination;match 形成赏心悦目的组合；相配2 col/corcollaborateVt.1.to work together 协作，合作2.to cooperate with an enemy occupation force in one s country 勾结colleaguen.person with whom one

16、 works 同事，同僚collectionn.1 .the art or process of collecting 收集2,收集物correlatev.to put or bring into causal,complementary,parallel,or reciprocal relation 相 互联系n.either of two correlate entities;a correlative 相 关一方correspondv.1.to be in agreement,harmony,or conformity 一致2.to communicate by letter 交 流【链

17、接】correspondence.相应，通信，信件correspondent.通讯记者，通信者corresponding。.相应的，通讯的3 com-group one:combatv.n.l to oppose in battle fight against of or relating to combat 战斗,搏斗，格斗combinev.to bring into a state of unity to possess or exhibit in combination 联合，结合，化合n.集团，联合企业commandl.to have control or authority over

18、 rule 命令，指挥，控制2.deserve and receive as due exact 应得，值得n.ability to control or use mastery 掌握，运用能力commentn.a written note intended as an explanation an illustration 注释，评论，意见v.to make a comment;re mark on 注释，评论commercen.trade buying and selling of goods 商业，尤指国际间的贸易v 链接Acommercialize v.使商业化，使商品化commerc

19、iala.1.relating to commerce 商业的2.involved in work that is intended for the mass market 迎合大众的，有商也气息的comparevt.to consider or describe as similar equal or analogous like to with 比较 to 把.比作vi.to be worthy of comparison bear comparison 杆 I 比.comparison 比较group two：commodityn.l.商品,日用品2.货物，物品commutev.1 .t

20、ravel regularly by bus train or car between one s place of work and ones home 匕下班往返2.change sth into sth else 改变某事物comprehensionn.l.understanding 理解2.the knowledge that is acquired in this way 理解力comprehensive a.内容广泛的总括性的，综合的4.COH-Group one:condensev.1 .become thicker or more concentrated 变稠或变浓，浓缩2.

21、change form gas or vapour to a liquid 凝结3.put sth into fewer words.减缩，摘要，简述1998英译汉According to the theory,the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic.concentratev.1 .focus exclusively and intensely on sth 全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志2.some or bring together at one place 集合，集中3,increase the strength of a sol

22、ution by reducing its volume 浓缩v 链接 concentrate n.浓 缩 液 concentrated a.极度的，紧张的;表强调的，强烈的concentration n.专心,专注;集中,集结;浓度confidencen.l.trust or faith in a person or thing 信赖2.that which is confided;a secret 私事3.a feeling of assurance that a confidant will keep a secret 信心confrontv.l.to come face to face

23、 with 面对2.碰到，遇到3.进行反抗concretea.1.existing in material form that can be touched felt etc 以物质形式存在的，具体的,实体的2.definite positive确定的，明确的,确定的3.solid凝固的Vt.to build with hard strong construction magterial 凝结vi.to harden solidify 硬化，固化2003英译汉Thus the anthropological concept of culture like the concept of set

24、in mathematics is an abstract concept which makespossible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.confessv.1 .to disclose admit 坦 白2.to make known(one s sins)忏悔 to God or to a priest 忏悔conflictn.l.war 战争2.a clash 中突contestn.a struggle for superiority or victory between rivals 竞 争v.1.t

25、o compete or strive for 竞争或为而奋斗;dispute or challenge 辨驳第 四 组：前缀d ei表 示 解 拆开decode v.解码detectv.侦查，发现v.to discover or ascertain the existence,presence,or fact of 察觉，发觉，侦察，探测detachvt.disconnect;to remove from association;to send 分开,分离，分遣,派遣(军队)2表示向下declinev.1.descend下降，衰落2.to express polite refusal 拒 绝

26、n.the process or result of declining 下降；斜面，简斜，衰落depress v.使郁闷，使压抑defect n.缺点，缺陷；3 d e 表示离开|deviate v.离开，背离deprivev.to take something away from;to remove from office 剥夺，夺去，便丧 失(of)【链接】deprivation .剥夺deriveV.to obtain or receive from a source;to arrive at by reasoning;deduce or infer;to trace the orig

27、in or development of 取得；导出;引申;来自;源自；出自2 003英译汉“Anthropology“derives from the Green works anthropos“human“and logos the study of,.4表示强调debatev.&n.to consider something;deliberate;to dispute or argue about 争 论,辨 论同意联想:disputen.a verbal controversy;a debate 争论，争执v.to argue about;争 论 debate;辨论 to questi

28、on the truth or validity of 怀 疑【链接】disputable a.有时论余地的，真假可疑的quarrelcontroversydeliverv.1.to surrender to another;hand over:distribute;交付，递送2.to express in words 发表；表达3.to set free 释放4.to give birth to;to assist or aid in the birth of 分娩；接生demandV.1.要求；请求2.（蚓客的）需求，需要describeV.1.描述某人 某事物;叙 述；形容2.state

29、 sb/sth to be sth;call 叫作;称作2004英译汉Two anthropologistslinguists,Franz Boas and Edward Sapir,were pioneers in describing many native languages ofNorth and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.detailn.1.细目；细节；洋情2.较小的或次要的部分3.特遣队；小分队第五组dis-1表示不，否定disablev.to deprive of capability

30、 or effectiveness 便无能力2 001英译汉There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when theyoffend.disabilityn.1.incapacity无能为力；无能力2.a disadvantage or deficiency 限制,不利条件disappearv.1.no longer be visible;vanish 消失；失踪2.stop existing 不复存在disablev.

31、to deprive of capability or effectiveness 便无能为2 001英年汉There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when theyoffend.disabilityn.1.incapacity无能为力;无能力2.a disadvantage or deficiency 限制,不利条件disappointvt.1.to fail to satisfy the hope,desire,o

32、r expectation 失 望2.to frustrate or thwart 破灭，挫败(计划等)discomfortn.mental or bodily distress 不适，病痛v.to make uncomfortable;distress 使不舒服|2离去|discardvt.to throw away;reject 丢弃，抛弃，遗弃【习惯用语】into the discard成为无用之物；被遗忘2 002英译汉Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they disc

33、arded the.disclosev.to make known(something heretofore kept secret)不，泄露第大功i m/i n1.表示里面impactnA.collision 冲击，碰撞2.the effect or impression 影 响v.1.impact 影响2.to pack firmly together;to strike forcefully 挤入，压紧implement.工具，器具v.to put into practical effect,carry out 贯硼，实现imprison【构词】im 进A+prison监狱一 监禁v.t

34、o put in or as if in prison;confine 束缚；禁锢2004英译汉Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest from,states that language imprisons the mind,andthat the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.inborna A.pos

35、sessed by an organism at birth 天 生的；2.inherited or hereditary 遗传的，继承的innatea.1.possessed at birth,inborn 生来的，天生的2.inherent特有的,固有的3.of or produced by the mind rather than learned through experience 内 在的，直觉的2.表示否定impatienta.1.expressing or produced by impatience 不耐烦的，急躁的2.restively eager or desirous;a

36、nxious 急切地热望的或渴望的3.intolerant不能容忍的incapablea.lacking the necessary ability,capacity,or power 无能的;没用的2.i ncompetent 不胜任的3.not admitting or permitting;not susceptible 不容 3 的;无法做的1997英译汉It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance,to infance,to infants,the mentally incapable

37、and future generatons.总结：否定的词缀1.nonnonsensen A.废话2.胡 说；胡闹3.可笑，夸张4.usefulness无价值的性的东西nonstopa.made or done without stops 不 停 的2.neg-negativea A.否定的2.消极的3.阴性的负数；（摄影）成片u.l.veto拒绝赞同；反对2.to counteract or neutralize 阻 碍neglectV.disregard忽视；疏忽n.habitual lack of care 疏忽；忽 略（常与 of 连用）3 m is-misfortunen.a dis

38、tressing occurrence,bad fortune or ill luck 不幸,灾祸，灾难mistrustn.lack of trust 不信任v.to regard without trust or confidence 怀 疑第七组：re-表示重复，回来recreatevt.refresh mentally or physically.使得到休养vi.to take recreation 得到消遣reflect小.反射2.（常与that,how 连用）表达；反映3.（常与on,upon连用）仔细考虑relatevi.1.to narrate or tell 叙述，讲述2.to

39、 react in response发生共鸣，产生反应3.to have connection,relation,or rederence 便互相关联（常与 to,with 连用）relationn A.关系；相互的关联;联系2.参考；在关3.陈 述，叙述告诉或叙述的动作【链接】relationships.关系（relation关系+ship某抻关系或状态关系）2004英译汉The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.relativelya d.in a relative ma

40、nner;in comparison with something else 相对地，相对地;和其他事此较而言地relaxvz.1.to make lax or loose（便）松虬 放松2.to make less severe or strict放宽便较不严厉或严格releasevz.l.to set free from confinement,restraint,or bondage 释放，解放2.to issue for performance,sale,publication,or distribution 发表，发行n A.释放，豁免，放松2.许可物relievevz.1.to c

41、ause a lessening or alleviation of 减轻，解除2.to furnish assistance or aid to 援救，救济rememberv.1.think of again 记得2.to recall to the mind with effort 翳力想起3.to retain in the memory 记下来remindvi.L inform（sb）to do sth提 醒（某人）注意某事2,使回想起或意识到【链接】reminder.提醒的入，暗示retreatv.1.withdraw after being defeated 撤退，退却2.go a

42、way to a place of shelter or privacy 退 避n A.撤退;退却2.the retreat military signal 撤退信号3.seclusion退避；隐遁4.静居处；隐居处第八匆：trans 表示跨越transactionn A.transacting 办理；处理2.业务;交易；3.报告会，济论会，会议记录，公报transferv.l.调动(常与to 连用)2.to change from one public conveyance to another 转 换.将某物从一个地方、一个或事物转移到另一个人身上transformvt.to change

43、 markedly the appearance 转化；改造，改造transistor n.晶袜管transition n.hanging from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变；变 iftransmitvt.1.pass on 传染2.hand dow n遗传或传达3.to pass along;communicate 传播;交 流transportationn A.运送2.运输工具3.fare.运费4.流放【链接】transportable a.可运输的；可流放的transported a.(with sth)情不自禁T a b le表示能

44、力able a.能的；有能力的be able toenable v.使能够enable sthenable sb to doThe dictionary enable us to understand English words.feasible A&plausible Y feasible a.可作的可行的feasible suggestionplausible y 构词plaus+ible 能鼓掌通过的一 可行的a.1.seeming to be right or reasonable;believable 似乎正确的，假有道理的，可信的2.skilled in producing con

45、vincing arguments 能说会道 的【链接】plausibility似乎正确或有理；可信;能言善解；plausibly ad.t乎很信【真题连线】1998 Text 7Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a cientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas inelementaryparticle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade t

46、hat it is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子的物理学中一些公认的理论在科学看来似乎可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。补 充：216 n表示使动endanger A【构词】e n 使进入状态+danger危险一使面临危险vt.to expose to harm or danger;imperil 使受危险或伤害；危及 真题连线1999 Passage 4Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos（the earlie

47、st stage of humanoffspring before birth）for research or to knowingly endanger an embiyos life,NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.因为现行的IK邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究的胚胎（大类子代出生前的最早阶段）或有意识的危机胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎怖究这一问题上保持沉默。endure Pl U【构词】e n 进入+dure持久，坚硬一进入持久一，耐久v.to carry on throughs;undergo;to bear with tolera

48、nce;to continue in existence;last 忍受，持久，持续【链接】endurance.忍耐（力），持久（力），耐久（性）【真题连线】2000 Passage 4“In Japan,says educator Yoko Muro,“its never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only howmuch you can endured 在日本，”教育家Yok。Mur。说，“问题绝对不是你是否喜欢自己的工作和生活，而仅仅是保能承受多大的负荷。”engage*A【构词】en-+gage

49、-誓约一使立下誓约v.1.to draw into;involve（in）从事，着手2.to pledge or promise 一定;使订婚3.to give or take as security;保证4.to arrange for the use of;reserve 雇 用【链接】engagem ent机约会，狗定；始到，j j 婚engaged a.忙碌的，使用中的【真题连线】2004 Cloze TestTheories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior be

50、cause they were not sufficientlypenalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.以 个人为 中心的说法认为孩子们之所以犯罪是因为他们以前的犯罪行为没有得到足峭的处罚，或者认为孩子们通过与他人的交往学会了犯罪。engage sb in s th 使某人参加某事或从事某事enjoy*Q【构词】e n 使+jo y 喜悦一 享受；欣赏；喜爱v.to receive pleasure or satisf