2023年小升初英语知识点总结归纳.pdf
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1、学习必备 精品知识点 六年级英语期末复习资料 一.名词 可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词 a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则:1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f
2、或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾,加-es,如:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 6.以“元音字母+o”结尾,加-s,如 zoo-zoos,radio-radios 7.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,J
3、apanese-Japanese 不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草,ice 冰),抽象的名词(help 帮助,music 音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如 some water),不能与不定冠词连用。二.一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能:1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观事实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。常与
4、 sometimes,often,always,usually,every day,on Sundays 等表示频率的时间状语连用。I often go to school by bus.一般现在时的构成:1.be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意:(我用 am,你用 are,三单 is,复数 are。)2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。注意:(当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
5、)一般现在时的变化:1.be 动词的变化。2.肯定句:主语+be+其它。如:He is a worker.他是工人。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。(be 动词移到句首)如:I am a student.-Are you a student?-Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:My bike is under the tree.Is your bike under the tree?学习必备 精品知识点 Where is your bike?2.行为动词的变化 肯定句:主
6、语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句:主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如:I like bread.I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如:He often plays football.He doesnt often play football.一般疑问句:Do(does)+主语+动词原形+其它。(句首加助动词 do,does)如:I often play football.-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问
7、句。如:She goes to school by bike.-Does she go to school by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:She goes to school by bike.Does she go to school by bike?How does she go to school?当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词要变为第三人称单数形式。动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,like-likes 2.以 s,x,sh,o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-gue
8、sses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es,如 study-studies 三.现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(常与 now,look,listen等词连用)He is jumping now.Look!They are planting trees in the park.Listen!Mike is singing in the classroom.2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.如:Tom is re
9、ading books in his study.3.现在进行时的否定在 be 后加 not。如:Tom is reading books in his study.Tom is not reading books in his study.4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。如:Tom is reading books in his study.Is Tom reading books in his study?5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+一般疑问句?(注意:当划线部分包含谓语动词时,用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首,原划线处应加上doing)如:(1)Tom i
10、s reading books in his study.(变为一般疑问句)Is Tom reading books in his study?结尾变或为再加如以辅音字母结尾加如以元音字母结尾加如不规则名词现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人物的特其它如我是一个男孩注意我用你用三单复数行为动词主语行为动词其它学习必备 精品知识点 (2)Tom is reading books in his study.(就划线部分进行提问)What is Tom doing in his study?(3)Tom is reading books in his study.(就划线部分进行
11、提问)Where is Tom reading books?动词加 ing 的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping 四.一般将来时 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,next week/month/year,the day after tomorr
12、ow(后天),tonight,this morning(今天早上),this afternoon,this evening 等 2.基本结构:(1)be going to+do;如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.(2)will+do 如:I will go swimming tomorrow.3.否定句:在 be 动词(am,is,are)后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 wont。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.变为 I am not going to go swimming tomorro
13、w.I will go swimming tomorrow.变为 I will not go swimming tomorrow.4.一般疑问句:be 动词或 will 提到句首,some 改为 any,and 改为 or,第一二人称互换。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.变为 Are you going to go swimming tomorrow?I will go swimming tomorrow.变为 Will you go swimming tomorrow?5.对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种
14、情况。(1)问人。Who 例如:I am going to school.Tom will go to school.Are you going to school?Will Tom go to school?Whos going to school?Who will go to school?(2)问干什么。Whatdo 例如:1、My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.(变为一般疑问句)Is your father going to watch TV with you this afternoon?2、My father
15、is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.(就划线部分提问)What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?3、My father will watch TV with me this afternoon.(变为一般疑问句)Will your father watch TV with you this afternoon?4、My father will watch TV with me this afternoon.(击退出现部分提问)What will your father do
16、 with you this afternoon.(3)问什么时候。When 例如:She is going to swim at nine.She will swim at nine.Is she going to swim at nine?Will she swim at nine?When is she going to swim?When will she swim?6.同义句:be going to=will(be going to 常指客观情况,will 常指主观情况)I am going to go swimming tomorrow.(明天)五.一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过
17、去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last week/month/year,two years ago,just now,一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。结尾变或为再加如以辅音字母结尾加如以元音字母结尾加如不规则名词现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人物的特其它如我是一个男孩注意我用你用三单复数行为动词主语行为动词其它学习必备 精品知识点 2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:(1)am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was,(was not=wasnt)(2)are 在一般过去时中变为 were,(were no
18、t=werent)(3)带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is,am,are 一样,即否定句在 was 或 were后加 not,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。3.句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 (1)否定句:didnt+动词原形,如 Jim went home yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday.(2)一般疑问句:在句首加 did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Jim went home yesterday.(变为一般疑问句)Did Jim go home yesterday?(3)特殊疑问句:疑问词+
19、一般疑问句?如:Jim went home yesterday.(就划线部分提问)What did Jim do yesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在句子末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2.结尾是 e 加 d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加-ed,如 study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式(六年级下册英语书 69 页)六.形容词的比较级 A.形容词的比较级 1.形容
20、词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 much,a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。基本形式:主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比成分 You are older than me.Tom drives much faster than John.形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级 表示“越来越”Summer is coming.It is getting hotter and hotter.2.形容词加 er 的规则:(1)一般在词尾加 er:如 tall-talle
21、r(2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾,加 r:如 nice-nicer(3)以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除 ow 结尾),应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 er:如 big-bigger(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把 y 变 i,再加 er。如 heavy-heavier(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加 more 如:beautiful-more beautiful 3.不规则形容词比较级 good-better 七.There be 句型与 have,has 的区别 1.There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或某人)2.在 there be 句型中,主语是
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