2023年新目标英语中考易混淆词汇辨析.pdf
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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 新目标英语中考词汇辨析 1 a bit/a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如:I am a bit/a little hungry.我有点饿。He walked a bit/a little slowly.他走路有点慢。二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如:A little/bit is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。I know only a little/a bit about her.我对她的情况只了解一点。a little 可直接修饰
2、名词;a bit 后须加 of 才可以。如:.There is a little water in the bottle.=There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意 a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“中的一些”,如:May I have a little of your tea?.否定形式 not a little 作状语,相当于 very/quite,“很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于 much,意为“许多”。而 not a bit 作状语时,相当于 not at all,意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相当于 not much.Eg:H
3、e is not a little(=very)hungry.他饿极了。He is not a bit(=not at all)hungry.他一点也不饿。She ate not a little(=much).她吃得很多。.Not a bit 中的 not 可以分开使用;not a littl e 中的 not 则不能分开。Eg:He felt not a bit tired.=He didn t feel a bit tired.他觉得一点也不累。He felt not a little tired.他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn t fell a little tired.2 a
4、 few/few/a little/little.a few 和 few 修饰可数名词,a little 和 little 修饰不可数名词;a few 和 a little 表示肯定意义,few 和 little 表示否定意义,可受 only 修饰。如:Few people will agree to the plan because it s too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.There is little water left in glass.Will
5、you please give me some Don t worry,we have a little time left.3 above/over/on/upon.方位介词,“在之上”.above 着重指:在上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.The sun rose above the horizon.太阳升到了地平线上。The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。.over 表盖在上面,或铺在上面。此时不能用 above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为 under.Spread the tablecloth over
6、 the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。.on 含有与表面相接触的意思。The book is on the desk.There is an oil painting on the wall.墙上有一幅油画。.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与 on 没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。He laid his hand upon the boy s head.他把手放在孩子的头上。注 up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。We run up a hill.我们跑上山。The plane was hi
7、gh up in the air.飞机在高空中。4 accept/receive.accept“接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。I accepted it without question.我毫无疑问地接受了它。学习必备 欢迎下载 We have accepted his proposal.我已接受了他的建议。.receive“接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:I received a letter from him.我收到了他的来信。He received the present,but he did not accept.他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。He receiv
8、ed a good education.他受到了良好的教育。注 在表示接待、接见时,通常用 receive,而不用 accept.如:We often receive foreign guests.我们经常接待外宾。5 across/through/over.across“横过、穿过”,指从的一边到另一边。含义与 on 有关。如:I swam across the river.我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸)Let s help push the cart across the bridge.我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。.through“穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内
9、部穿过,含义与 in 有关。如:We walked through the forest.我们穿过森林。The river flows through the city from west to east.这条河从西到东流过城市。.over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与 across 通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用 across.She went across/over the bridge.He jumped across/over the stream 他跳过了小溪。
10、She swam across the straight of Dover.她游过了多佛尔海峡。They drove across the desert.他们驶过沙漠。另外,over 作介词还有“翻过”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。6 afraid/fear.afraid“害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接 of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb.和 be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake.她害怕蛇。The little girl is afraid to go out at nig
11、ht.afraid+that clause“恐怕”,是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如:I m afraid(that)I can t go to the party.My brother is sick.恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。.fear“害怕”是动词,与 be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如:We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。e feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。Fearing that he would catch cold,I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走
12、去看他。7feel like/would like.feel like 与 would like 意思很相近,但 feel like 后面常跟 名词;动名词。构成:feel like(doing)sth.而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like(to do)sth.的句式。如:I feel like(having)a drink.=I would like(to have)a drink.我想喝一杯。Do you feel like talking a walk.=Would you like to take a walk?你要不要散步?I don t fe
13、el like eating.我不想吃东西。.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如:It feels like silk.它摸起来像绸缎。8.after/behind “在之后”.after“在(时间)之后”;“在(地点)之后”,指次序。如:He came after ten o clock.他十点以后来的。Two days after his arrival,I called on him.在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。如我有一点儿就够了我对她的情况只了解一点可直接修饰名词后须加才饿极了他一点也不饿她吃得很多中的可以分开用中的则不能分开他觉得在上的意思反义词为太阳升到了地平
14、线上飞机在云层上飞行表盖在上面学习必备 欢迎下载 Against comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在 again 之后。.behind 表地点时意为:在后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。The garden is behind the house.He stood behind me.The train was behind time.火车误点了。You are two hours behind.你迟了两个小时。9.ago/before.ago adv.“以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,
15、通常与过去连用。如:It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。.before adv,prep&conj“以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而 ago 则不能这样用。He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。(表从她说话那时起两天前)I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。I ve seen that film bef
16、ore.I never met him before.10.agree to/agree with/agree on(up on).agree to“同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)。如:Do you agree to this plan?He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。I agreed to his terms.我同意了他的条件。.agree with“同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气候、食物等)适合”之意。如:I quite agree with you.我很同意你。Do
17、 you agree with me?I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。Too much meat doesn t agree with her.吃太多肉对她身体不合适。注:agree with 不能用于被动语态。.agree on/upon“对取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如:After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire.经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。They
18、all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。注:此句型可转换成 agree in doing sth.如:All of them agreed on/upon it.=All of them agreed in doing it.他们对做这个问题达成了共识。11 at times/at all times/all the time.at times“不时;偶尔”如:The tide is,at times,very high.潮水有时涨得高。I make mistakes at times when I speak English.我说英语偶尔会出错。.at all t
19、imes.“随时;任何时候;总是”如:He has a cool head at all times.他随时都有清醒的头脑。.all the time“一直;始终”其中 time 用单数形式。如:The baby cries all the time.那婴儿一直哭。如我有一点儿就够了我对她的情况只了解一点可直接修饰名词后须加才饿极了他一点也不饿她吃得很多中的可以分开用中的则不能分开他觉得在上的意思反义词为太阳升到了地平线上飞机在云层上飞行表盖在上面学习必备 欢迎下载 12.alive/living/the living/live/dead.alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也
20、可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如:They were alive and as happy as ever.他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。All the other comrades were killed in the battle.He was the only man alive.所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者。.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如:Every living person has a name.每个活着的人都有一个名字。No man living could do bet
21、ter.当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。.the living“活着的人”如:The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。.live adj.“活着的”读着laiv,反义词为 dead,可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。还可以作动词,读着liv,意为“生活”、“生存”如:The cat was playing with a live mouse.这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊
22、猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。.lively adj.laivli(livelier,liveliest)“生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如:The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。13.all/every.all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但 all 可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如:All Mondays are horrible.星期一总是可怕的。Every Mond
23、ay is horrible.每个星期一都是可怕的。.all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。-She is eaten all the biscuits biskit.What,every one?Every single one!她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!.all 还可和单数名词连用,表示 every past of 而 every 却不能有此义。如:She was here all day.她在这呆了一整天。14.all/whole.二者意义(“全部、都
24、、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。.all 用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。whole 则用于冠词之后。如:all the time.the whole time.全部时间 all my life the whole life.我的一生 all this confusion this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。.如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole 不能与单数名词连用。可以说:The whole city was burning.但不能说:Whole London was burning.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而
25、 all 的意思则近乎“每一个”如:All Indian tribes(traib 部首)suffered from white settlement in America.所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。Whole Indian tribes were killed off.有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。.whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词)可以说:all the money 或 all the wine 不可以说:the whole money 或 the whole wine.如我有一点儿就够了我对她的情况只了解一点可直接修饰名词后须加才饿极了他一点也不饿她吃得很
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