王关富《商务英语阅读》(第二版)参考答案.pdf

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1、王关富商务英语阅读（第二版）王关富商务英语阅读（第二版）参考答案参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksWhy China WorksExercisesExercises1.Answer the questions on the text:1.Answer the questions on the text:1)How does the author view the Chinese economy?1)How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the wo

2、rld economy under the global recession,the only major economy that islikely to show significant growth this year,and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook.2)According to the author,why can the Chinese economy perform so well?2)According to the author,why can the Chin

3、ese economy perform so well?Because of:(1)the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2)its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3)the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control mea

4、sures.3)In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward3)In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward“ChinaChina s markets marketeconomic systemeconomic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward

5、 state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries,andimposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4)What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?4)What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable gr

6、owth in the Chinese economy,which works more effectively than othermarket based systems in times of economic stress.5)Why can China work in the eye of the author?5)Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer market

7、s.6)What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?6)What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy tointroduce more

8、sophisticated forms of securitization,including stockstock indexindex funds,corporate bonds and other debtproducts.They also realize that,in the course of doing this,they should learn from the mistakes the westerners havemade.7)What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese le

9、aders in their policy execution?7)What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitivenessby their own enterprises.8)What is8)What i

10、s“shock therapyshock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runawayinflation.It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9)In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?9)In what ways does the Chinese economi

11、c system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly,move in a coherent manner,and marshal its people and resources to a common target:economic growth and prosperity.11)What are the Internet and public opinion used for?11)What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on

12、local officials and influencing policy decisions.2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below.Make changes when2.Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below.Make changes whennecessary.necessary.1)At

13、a time when the need is growing for mental health services,many countries are unfortunatelycutting back oncutting back on itsspending.12)There is an increasing number of people out of work.But the western media often unfairlylabellabel them asas lazy andreliable.3)NowNow thatthat the flow of oil has

14、 been stopped by BP,the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability todeliver ondeliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high tod

15、ay.But he bought his housefor a songfor a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices,especially those related to daily necessities,the government feels rather urgentto hold downhold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited tobuy into

16、buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week,security concerns havehave trickledtrickled downdown toto all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays.It is in the last placewhen it comes towhen

17、 it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet.Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vainin vain to quit.3.Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:3.Match the terms in column A with

18、 the definitions in column B:A_A_B_B_1)financial innovationA)A reduction in the general availability of loans(orcredit)or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.7 72)stimulus packageB)A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual fund

19、s thatinvests in large quantities.8 83)overheatingC)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf.6 64)stamp taxD)The trading of a corporations stock or othersecurities(e.g.bonds or stock options)byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9

20、9E)An industry that requires large amounts of capital,machinery and equipment toproduce goods.5 55)capital-intensive sectorF)Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities,money management or investing.1 16)state-run firmG)An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing

21、 too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation.3 37)credit crisisH)tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building,copyright,land,patent,and securities.4 48)institutional investorI)A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment tojump-start its

22、 ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy.2 210)insider trading4.Translate the following passage into Chinese.4.Translate the following passage into Chinese.2我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。这在将来可能会对美国经济构成最严重的新挑战。在过去三十年的大部分时间里，中国集中精力建设基础设施，这主要靠廉价的劳动力和勤劳苦干的工人就行了。但工厂也都现代

23、化、交通世界一流、港口大型化、机场高效化了，而且所有这些都是以人类历史上从未有过的速度和规模完成的。现在中国又想跨入更高质产品和服务的时代。这意味着由政府官员确定的经济发展的下一步是要以建设高速网般的决心投资发展人力资本。自 1998 年来，中国政府已启动了大规模的教育发展计划，投入的资金按GDP 比例计算增加了两倍，在而后的十年，中国的大学增加了一倍，大学生增加了四倍，从1997 年的 100 万增长到 2007 年的550 万。中国列出了顶级的 9 所大学为其常青藤大学联盟。欧洲各大学以及美国的州立大学因受大规模经费削减影响而处于崩溃状态，而中国的大学大发展趋势则恰恰相反。耶鲁大学校长理查

24、德雷文在今年年初的一次演讲中指出：“这次中国大学的扩展是前所未有的，在仅十年的时间里就建起了世界上规模最大的高等教育。实际上，2000年以来中国大学扩招的大学生人数超过了美国大学招生的总数。那么这一史无前例的教育投资对中国和美国有何意义呢？诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特福格尔预测了训练有素工人的经济影响。在美国，高中毕业的工人的生产率是只受过9 年教育的人的 1.8 倍，而大学毕业的则要高出两倍。中国正在大规模地扩大高中和大学生的人数。尽管目前中国在服务业上仍远远落后他国，但中国企业将会很快进入这一巨大市场。福格尔相信高技能工人的增多将在今后大大刺激中国的经济增长率，使其GDP 在 2040 年之前

25、达到惊人的 123 万亿美元。不管这一难以想象的数字是否准确，但有一点是很清楚的，中国正开始提升其价值链，进入一直来只有西方国家独占的产业和工种，这才是来自中国的真正挑战。应对这一挑战的最佳和最有效的方法不是威胁和关税，而是深层次的结构改革和大规模的投资，使美国经济重新获得活力，使美国工人再具竞争力。5.Read the following text and choose the best sentence from the list(A-E)below to fill in each of the gaps in the text.5.Read the following text and

26、choose the best sentence from the list(A-E)below to fill in each of the gaps in the text.1)It assembles more toys,stitches more shoes and sews more garments than any other nation in the world.2)China is home to 1.3 billion people and has 100 cities of more than a million people.3)Even at 25 cents an

27、 hour,Chinese workers cost more than laborers in the poorer countries of Southeast Asia or Africa.4)Indeed,the countrys embrace of market economy over the last decade and the governments insistence that farmersfend for themselves are combining forces to all.5)That disparity has set in motion the lar

28、gest human migration in history.Supplementary ReadingSupplementary ReadingChina:The next branding superpower?China:The next branding superpower?1.China and the U.S disagree _.A.whether the Chinese should buy moreB.over who dominates the bilateral tradeC.C.whether the value of RMB is deliberately hel

29、d downD.D.over what the Chinese consumers should buyover what the Chinese consumers should buy2.2.The Americans assume that China will remain _ so that it will continue to import American higher value addedproducts and services.A.A.a manufacturing superpowera manufacturing superpowerB.a developing c

30、ountryC.a service-based economyD.a regional economic power3.By moving up the value chain,China intends to become a _.A.A.manufacturing giant34.5.6.7.B.B.branding superpowerbranding superpowerC.competitive nationD.political superpowerAccording to the author,the work of branding in China would depend

31、more on _.A.domestic companiesB.B.foreign investorsC.C.the governmentthe governmentD.multinational companiesWith better access to Chinese market for foreign companies,what do Chinese policy makers fear?A.A.Chinese consumers will prefer famous foreign brands.B.Chinese brands are unable to move up to

32、the high end of the brand chain.Chinese brands are unable to move up to the high end of the brand chain.C.China can also add values through marketing and distribution.D.China will have to spend billions building brands.The Space Rate between the U.S.and the Soviet Union is mentioned to reflect _.A.m

33、ilitary competition during the cold warB.the anxiety of the Americans in the space rateC.C.national economic security in ChinaD.D.the national anxiety of China over their brand competitivenessthe national anxiety of China over their brand competitivenessThe author believes in less than a century the

34、 consumer trends in the world will be overwhelmingly dominated by_.A.consumer consciousnessB.competitive marketC.C.such brands as Coca-cola,Google,and ToyotaD.D.Chinese brandsChinese brandsUnit 2A Changed Global RealityA Changed Global RealityExercisesExercises1.1.Answer the questions on the text:An

35、swer the questions on the text:1)1)What are the features of the two major economies that the world has seen forWhat are the features of the two major economies that the world has seen formore than 200 years?more than 200 years?One has dominated technological innovation and trade and amassed great we

36、alth.The secondmuch of it politicallyunder the thumb of the firsthas remained poor and technologically dependent.2)2)How much did low-and-middle-income countries contribute to world growth in 2010?How much did low-and-middle-income countries contribute to world growth in 2010?Almost half(46%)3)3)Tak

37、ing a long term view,why is it good news that developing countries are growing fast?Taking a long term view,why is it good news that developing countries are growing fast?As billions of poor people become more prosperous,they will be able to afford comforts their counterparts in the richworld have l

38、ong considered the normal appurtenances of life.4)4)What are the worst-case scenarios that Europe has so far avoided?What are the worst-case scenarios that Europe has so far avoided?A collapse of the euro,a debt crisis that spills from small economies such as Greece and Ireland to much bigger onesli

39、ke Italy and Spain,and bitter social unrest in those nations that are having to massage wages down while cuttingpublic budgets.5)5)Why does Jim Walker think that 2011 will be aWhy does Jim Walker think that 2011 will be a“year of reckoningyear of reckoning”?Because Jim Walker thinks that the rebound

40、 in the US is a mirage created by excessive stimulus.He expects the US toslip into the double dip it dodged in 2010.6)6)Why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into a public-sector debt crisis in 2010-11?Why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into a public-se

41、ctor debt crisis in 2010-11?4It has been the result of the debt and deficits amassed in the process of stimulating economies and bailing out banksduring the downturn.7)7)What are the risks that emerging economies face?What are the risks that emerging economies face?a.sharp rise in inflationb.rising

42、oil pricesc.soaring food price8)8)What did China and India do to cope with inflation and rising food prices?What did China and India do to cope with inflation and rising food prices?China raised the reserve-requirement ratio;India resorted to diplomatic means when Pakistan temporarily cut off some e

43、xports of onions to the country.9)9)HowHow cancan thethe disaffectiondisaffection withwith globalglobal capitalismcapitalism inin thethe developeddeveloped worldworld bebe preventedprevented fromfrom turningturning intointo a abacklash against it?backlash against it?It would help if there were mecha

44、nisms in place to manage the stresses in the international economy.10)What is the most serious division between countries that policymakers have to contend with?10)What is the most serious division between countries that policymakers have to contend with?Economic disparity2.2.Fill in each blank of t

45、he following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:1)The search for the childwas scaled backwas scaled back sharply today,with almost a third of the volunteers heading home.2)The former

46、Federal Reserve Chairman says there is a risk that the US couldslipslip intointo a recession by years end.3)The CEO of the firm said that they would switch priority fromswitch priority from traditional labor-intensive products toto more hi-tech andvalue-added ones.4)In the aftermath of the financial

47、 crisis the grouphashas put on hold some of its ambitious regional expansion plans.5)Toyota Motor Corp.is offering widespread job buyouts to its US workers for the first time and cutting the workweek atsome of its American plants by 10%tocontend withcontend with falling sales.6)Eventually,it must mo

48、rph intomorph into a system that functions on stability,or it will fail and cause an unstoppable breakdownand widespread hardship.7)Unfortunately most of the central banks in the world today are still firmlyunder the thumb ofunder the thumb of politicians.8)The stock markets endurance could depend h

49、eavily on whether economic and corporate performance remains uncertain,or begins indicating that the economy truly isout of the woodsout of the woods.9)Survivors were encouraged to talk about their horrible experiences to help themcome to terms withcome to terms with the flood disaster.10)Other coun

50、triesnotably Australiahave also avoided a bust in their housing markets,and have instead seen pricesincreases flatten out.flatten out.3.3.Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A AB B_1）double-dip recessionA)A physi