八年级英语下册知识点归纳.pdf

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1、新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit 1 Whats the matter重点短语:Unit 1 Whats the matter重点短语:have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake ones temperaturehave a fevergo to a doctorto ones surprise agree to do sth.get into troublebe used totake risksrun out ofcut offget out ofbe in control ofkeep on doing st

2、h.give up语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.Whats the matter with you此句用来询问别人的病情;类似的句子还有：Whats wrong with you/Whats the trouble matter 作动词用,意为“要紧”“有关系”,主要用于疑问句和否定句;What does it matter It doesnt matter.例题 Does it _ if we cant finish it todayA.mindB.mindsC.matterD.matters2.I have a sore throat.have“患病”,常用“have a/an+名词”.

3、have a coldhave a feverhave a sore back have a stomachachehave a cough例题 -Does he often have _ cold -Yes.He also _a cough anda sore throat.A.a;hasB./;hasC.a;haveD./;have down and rest 躺下休息 lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺,平放laylainlyings probably why.那可能就是原因;probably 意为“很可能,大概”,表示的可能

4、性很大,是一种近乎肯定的意思;5.hurtv.使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell.他摔伤的时候伤了腿;My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心;6.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping.公交车司机,24 岁的王平24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构,意思是“24 岁的”;名词必须用单数,常用在名词前做定语例题 A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her

5、 disabled father.A.three-year-old B.three-years-old C.Three years old7.expect vt.期待；预期；期盼expectexpect 的常见用法的常见用法:expect+名词/代词Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughtersvisit.expect to do sth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expect sb.to do sth.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglishexpect+从句Iexpectthatyouwillgett

6、heresoon.辨析 expect 与 look forward to两者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth.Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8.But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是to ones surprise 表示“令人惊奇的是”,相当于“主语+be+surprised”To his surprise,he found the girl was bind.=He was surprised to find the girl was blind.令他惊奇的是,他发现这个女孩是个盲人;拓展 in surp

7、risein surprise 表示“惊奇的”,相当于副词性短语,用来修饰动词;The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着;be surprised at 表示“对感到惊讶”;We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息,我们很诧异;surprising 表示“使人惊奇的”,作表语时,主语是事物;9.They dont want any trouble.他们不想惹麻烦;trouble 用作名词,意为“烦恼,困难,麻烦,疾病等”;His life is full of trouble.

8、他的生活充满了烦恼;Whats the trouble 怎么了 trouble 用作动词,意为“麻烦,打扰”;Im sorry to trouble you.抱歉打扰你;拓展与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境Have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难例题-How is your English study -Not bad.But I_learning English grammar.A.am interested B.am good at C.have a little trouble D.have

9、no trouble10.辨析辨析 used to do sth.与 be used to sth./doing sth.过去常常 习惯于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end,I got used to doing hard work.11.辨析辨析 run out 与 run out of人+run out of They have run out of the water.物+run out 不可用于被动语态 The money is running out

10、.例题选出能代替句中画线部分的一项 Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings.I need to buy some now.A.ate up B.run out of C.ran of D.ran out of12.make decisions=make a decision 作出决定decision 为 decide 的名词形式make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.13.be in control of管理；控制 A teacher should be in control of h

11、is class.重点语法：重点语法：情态动词情态动词 shouldshould 的用法的用法 1should 后接动词原形,变否定句在 should 后加 not,变一般疑问句时将 should 提前;2should 常用于以下两种情况：提出建议 You looked tired.You should lie down and rest.表推测,意为“该,按理应当”;Wait a minute.I think he should come in a minute.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Unit 2 Ill help to cle

12、an up the city parks.重点短语重点短语:clean up by oneself cheer upput off give out put onused to give away take afterset up make a difference care forcome up with语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.give out 分发,发放拓展 give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给,赠送 give in 屈服,投降give up 放弃 give off 发出气味、光、热等 up with 提出,想出 1 表示“想出或提出”,相当于 think of I

13、think she can come up with a good idea 2come up with 还可表示“赶上”,相当于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them例题 We must _a plan to improve your math.A.pick up B.catch up with C.come up with D.make up3.Iv run out of it.我已经把它用完了;run out of 表示“用完,用光”,其主语一般是人;拓展 run out of 还可表示“从跑出来”;Bill ra

14、n out of the room.Bill 从房间里跑出来;run 构成的短语还有 run away 逃走 run after 追赶 run into difficulties 遇到困难例题 When your money_,please come to me for some.A.runs out of B.runs out C.is running out of D.is run out4.I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈;辨析 take after 与 look like take after 意为“长得像,行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈;The bo

15、y takes after his father.这个男孩长得像他爸爸;look like 可以用于所有场合,既可指人也可指物,仅指外表看上去像;The man looks like our teacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师;The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥;拓展 take 构成的短语 take up take off take placetake ones time take care例题 -Youve really beautiful blond hair.-Thank you.I _my mother.A.look after

16、B.take after C.take from D.look for5.set up 创办,建立 set up 为副词短语,与 start,establish 同义Theyve set up a company.他们创办了一家公司;与 set 相关的短语还有：set out 动身,开始做某事 set off 出发,引起,激发6.You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky.对我来说,有了你的帮助,我才有可能拥有 Lucky.it 是形式宾语 You made it possible for me to catch up with ot

17、hers.你让我有可能赶上其他人;例题 He found _hard to go to sleep with the light on.A.it B.that C.he D.him makes a big difference to my life.Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响;make a big difference 意为“对产生很大的影响”,difference 在此为“影响”的意思;例题The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines.A.pay attention to B.add to C.make a differenc

18、e to D.keepto8.imaginev.想象,假想；以为,认为imagine v.想象 imaginationn.想象 imaginative adj.富于想象力的.out 帮克服困难,帮分担工作 The teacher often helps his students out.那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题;excited about.对兴奋Im excited about the game of Li Na.我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋;exciting 修饰物重点语法：重点语法：动词短语动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：1 动词+介词这类动词短语主

19、要有：agree with,ask for,arrive at,hear of,look at,takeafter,listen to 等;这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后;Im looking for my pen.Dont laugh at the poor man.2 动词+副词这类动词短语有：find out,give out,look up,put on,turn on/off,wake up,work out 等;这类动词后面的宾语是名词时,名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时,代词只能放在副词前面;Please pick up the pen.=Please

20、 pick the pen up.It took him two hours to work it out.3动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有：have a look at,make friends with,pay attention to,take careof,look forward to 等;在这类动词短语中,宾语都放在介词之后;You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.4 动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语有：be angry with,be busy with,be good for,be different from,be

21、interested in,be good at 等;例题 1 When you dont know a word,you can _in the dictionary.A.look it up B.set it up C.give it up D.pick it up 2 We will have dinner at the restaurant,which is famous _its sea food.A.of B.to C.forUnit 3 Could you please clean your roomUnit 3 Could you please clean your room重

22、点短语重点短语:take out the rubbish make the bed all the time borrow some money help with housework hang out with.a waste of time in order to as.as.take care of in surprise do the dishes as a result语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.work on 从事于；着手干 The writer is working on a new book.那位作家正在写一本新书;She is going to work on her p

23、hysics project.她打算从事她的物理项目;例题 The scientists are_inventing some methods of producing electricity.A.working on B.working out C.working at D.working for2.at least 至少 at least修饰时间、距离、长度等,以加强语气;翻译短语位 at most,意为“至多,最多”;He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were fifty people there at most.3.all the ti

24、me 一直；总是 Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化;拓展 time 相关的短语 on time 准时 at the same time 同时 in time 及时 From time to time 偶尔 the first time 第一次例题选出能代替句中划线部分的一项;I always go shopping on Friday.A.all the time B.all the same along D.all the way5.Im just as tired as you are 我和你一样累;as.as 意为“和一样”,表示同级比较;

25、as.as 中间要用形容词或副词原级;This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个一样有趣;否定式为 not as/so.as,意为“不如”;The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.例题 He speaks French well,but of course not_a person born in France.clear as B.clearer than C.as clearly as D.the more clearly6.For one week,she did not do an

26、y housework and neither did I.一个星期,她不做家务,我也不做家务;so,neither 倒装句型 So+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语Neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况,后面某人物也是这样;助动词/be 动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复形式由后句的主语决定;So 依附于肯定句,neither依附于否定句;Bill watched TV last night.So did Ann.Lily isnt a teacher.Neither is Mary.例题 -I never drink cof

27、fee.-_.do I B.So did I C.Neither did I D.Neither do I7.辨析 borrow 与 lend borrow sth.from sb.向某人借入某物 lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人注 borrow,lend 都是非延续性动词,如果要表示“借多长时间”要用 keep;例题 Although you like the book,you may only _it for two weeks.A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.stay8.spendv.花费金钱；时间 spend+钱/时间+on st

28、h.在上花费时间或金钱 spend+时间+in doing sth.花时间做某事例题Yang Feng _ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peopleshome.A.costs B.takes C.pays D.spends8.providev.提供；给予 provide sth.The restaurant provide the best service.provide sb.with sth.The parents provide the children with food andclothes.provide sth.

29、for sb.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.例题To protect the environment,supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags toshoppers.A.take B.show C.provide D.carry10.depend on 依靠；依赖；相信 depend on 为固定短语,不能用进行时态,也不可用被动语态 As we know,good results depend on hard work.You cant depend on your parents

30、 forever.10.The earlier kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立,对他们的将来就越好;the+比较级.,the+比较级.“越就越”The harder you work at your study,the better grades you will have.例题 -There was thick haze雾霾 in our city this spring.What do you think ofit -I think _cars we drive,_polluti

31、on our city will have.A.the fewer;the fewer B.the fewer;the less C.The more;the fewer D.the more;the less11.in order to 的用法 1 in order to 意为“为了”,强调目的,后接动词原形;In order to let the students hear him,he spoke loudly.We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school,she to

32、ok a taxi.(2)含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由 so that 或 in order that 引导的状语从句;She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12.as a result 的用法as a result用于引出结果,常用于两个句子之间,其中一个是另一个的结果,且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开,意为“结果是”;He di

33、dnt listen carefully.As a result,he couldnt work out the mathsproblem.注 as a result of 的意思是“由于,因为”,相当于 because of;Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.=Peter was late becauseof the heavy rain.例题 The boy studied hard._,he passed the exam.A.Ia fact B.On time C.After all D.As a resultUnit 4 Why

34、 dont you talk to your parentsUnit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents重点短语重点短语:look through work out get on with cut outcompare.with in ones opinion a big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until.call sb.up instead of语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.Why dont you talk to your parentsWhy dont you do st

35、h.=Why not do sth.“为什么不”拓展提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.做某事怎么样Shall we do sth.我们做某事好吗Youd betternot do sth.你最好不做某事;Why dont you do sth.为什么不做某事呢Would you mind doing sth.你介意做某事吗2.allowv.允许,许可 allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事“My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.allow doing sth.“允许做某事”She

36、 doesnt allow smoking in her house.allow+名词We cant allow such a thing.例题 Do you often allow_until 11:00.A.to stay up B.stay up C.staying up D.and stay up3.work out 产生效果,进展 Things worked out quite well for us.对我们来说,事情进展很好;He worked out the maths problem.他算出了这道数学题;Can you work out the problem alone 你一

37、个人能把问题搞清楚吗municatev.交流信息；沟通I cant communicate with them at the moment.此刻我无法同他们进行交流;communicationn.交流People cant get on well with each other without communication.没有交流,人们就无法相处得好;例题选出能代替句中划线部分的一项;People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A.write B.read D.communicate5.arguevi.争论；争吵 ar

38、gue with sb.与某人争论Dont argue with your parents.不要和你的父母争论;argue 的名词形式是“argument”,have an argument with sb.与某人辩论;Alice hand an argument with her best friend.例题 I never argue _my parents.6.insteadadv.代替,顶替 If you are busy,you may come another day instead.辨析 instead 与 instead of instead副词舍前取后,可单独使用,位于句首或

39、句末;instead of介词短语舍后取前,后面常跟名词,代词及动词 ing;He didnt answer.He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.例题 What a nice day We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel.of B.instead of with7.offerv.提供；提出；建议 offer 做“提供”讲时,可接双宾语;offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth.向某人提供某物 The waitress offered

40、 a cup of tea to the man.=The waitress offered the man acup of tea.offer 还有“提出,建议”的意思,其后接不定式,表示主动提出做某事;The old man offered to lend the boy some money.例题 The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A.lent B.offered C.took D.brought8.And they are always comparing them with other pare 作

41、动词,意为“比较,和相比”;compare.with.把同相比较Parents shouldnt always compare their children with others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较;compare.to.把比作 People often compare the life to a stage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台;例题My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers.A.to B.with C.on11.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.r

42、eturn 意为“归还”,其后可接双宾语 return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.Dont forget to return me the keys.return 还有“返回”的意思,相当于 go back,后接地点时需要介词 to;He returned to Shanghai a week ago.例题那本书你还给图书馆了吗 Did you _the book_the library I dont know when we will _Hong Kong.A.return back B.return to C.return back toUnit 5 What we

43、re you doing when the rainstorm cameUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came重点短语重点短语:go off pick up fall asleepdie down make ones way in silence take down at first wait for in a mess the rest of have meaning to basketball competition as well make sure语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：1.while 当的时候作连词引导时间状语从句,在

44、 while 引导的从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性动词,强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生;While I was watching TV,someone knocked at the door.when 意为“当时”,动作有一前一后的意思;When I passed that room I heard someone singing.while 作连词时也可理解为“然而”,表示转折关系;I like apples while my sister doesnt.例题 Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast.Mary was tal

45、king on the phone _someone knocked at the door.2.make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth.make sure to do sth.make sure that+从句例题 Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before youhand it in.sure up out for3.I got togot to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get 意为“到达”时,是不及物动词,后面跟地点

46、名词时,要加介词 to;How can I get to the nearest supermarket表示“到达”的三种形式：arrive 意为到达 at+小地点 arrive in+大地点 get to 后接地点名词;He got to school at 7:00 this morning.reach 意为“到达”,是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词;When did you reach America例题 Please write to me as soon as you _ your school.to to -When did your aunt_in Shandong -Yester

47、day afternoon.4.People often remember what they were doing when they heardheard the news of importantevents in history.hear 动词,意为“听说”;常用结构为：hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事 hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb./sth.听说某人或某事 hear from sb.收到某人的来信 hear+that 从句听说例题 Tom likes to _others but he never writes

48、to them.of about from -When did you _the news -Just now.about from5.I played the song withoutwithout any mistakes.without 介词,意为“无；没有”,其反义词为 with,后接名词、代词或动词 ing;Fish cant live without water.He went to work without having breakfast.例题她没敲门就进了房间;She entered the room_ _at the door.你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗 Can you se

49、e clearly _your _Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.重点短语重点短语:a little bit instead of turn.into once upon a time fall in love get married as soon as instead of give birth to be born turn.into语言知识归纳：语言知识归纳：2.try 的用法 try to do sth.尽力做某事 He is try

50、ing to learn English.try doing sth.试着做某事 You should try taking more exercise.try ones best 尽力Ill try my best to help him.try on试穿 Would you like to try this dress on2.remindvt.使想起,提醒 remind sb.of/about sth.使某人想起某事 The song remind me of my childhood.remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 Peter reminded her to a