中考英语考纲词汇.pdf

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1、20202020 年中考英语考纲词汇年中考英语考纲词汇 ABCABC（全）（全）1600 个大纲词汇是中考必考核心词汇，对于这些词汇要求听说读写译都得会，掌握其搭配、结构和习惯表达。ps:真的没有永久记住单词的方法，就是要多看多听多说多写、常复习。没事的时候，打开这个专栏，努力背单词。Aa(an),e(n)art.一（个、件）用法：不定冠词的常见用法第一次提到，表示泛指。含有数量“一”的概念，但是不如 one 强烈。ability bltn.能力；才能a man of ability 有能力的人the ability to do sth.做某事的能力able eb()la.能够；有能力的be

2、able to do sth.有能力做某事about batprep.对于，关于；大约；在.周围be about to do 即将.We were about to go when it suddenly rained.我们正要出发，突然天下雨了。look about 四处寻找run about 到处跑What/How about?above bvprep.在上面above all 最重要的是Above all,the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.最重要的是，工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。注意：above 的反义词为 b

3、elowabroad brdad.到（在）国外from abroad 从国外，从海外His parents have just come back from abroad.他的父母刚刚从海外回来，我们去看望他们吧。go abroad 出国absentbsnta.缺席；不在accept kseptvt.接受近义词辨析：accept 和 receiveaccept 是“接受、认可“的意思，是收到并接受；receive 有”收到“的意思，但不一定接受。I received a lot of gifts on my birthday,but I didnt accept any.生日那天我收到许多礼物

4、，但是我并没有收下任何礼物。I received his invitation but I didnt accept it.（我收到他的邀请,但我没接受。）accident ksdntn.事故；偶然by accident 意外地，偶然地a traffic accident 交通事故according to prep.根据;依照according to 根据，按照achievet i vvt.达到；取得He hopes to achieve all the aims soon.（他希望很快达成所有目标。）across krsprep 横过；穿过across prep.在.对面，横穿近义词辨析：a

5、cross 和 throughacross 表示“横过，穿过”，着重指从路线或物体表面的一边到另一边（表面）。across the street 横过马路through“穿过，从中间通过”，着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头（内部）。through the forest 穿过森林act ktn.v.法令；条例表演，扮演（角色）；演出，行动act as 担任(起.作用)词性转换：actor/actress n.男演员/女演员action k()nn.行动We must take action right now,otherwise well be late.我们现在就得采取行动了，否则就迟到了。act

6、ivektva.积极的，主动的take an active part in 积极参加.I dont think everyone should take an active part in the social activities.我认为并不是所有的人都应该积极参与到社会活动中去。activityktvtn.活动actorktn.演员，男演员,行动者actressktrsn.女演员adddvt.增添；增加add to 增加，增添add up 合计add up to 合计达addto 把.添加到.addressdresn.地址advantage dv ntdn.优点；好处advertiseme

7、nt dv:tsmnt(ad)n.公告；启事；广告Have you read the want ad in the newspaper?你看过报纸上的招聘广告吗？Put an advertisement in the newspaperadvice dvasn.忠告；劝告；建议a piece of advice 一条建议ask for advice 寻求建议give advice 提建议take/follow ones advice 接受/采纳某人的建议advisedvazvt.忠告；劝告；建议advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事My teacher advised me t

8、o do more reading.（我的老师建议我多读。）afford fdvt.负担的起（的费用）；抽的出（时间）；提供Mary was not able to afford a new car.（玛丽买不起新车。）afraidfreda.害怕的；担心的be afraid of 害怕.Dont be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。be afraid for 担心.Im afraid for my sister.我担心我的妹妹。Im afraid so./Im afraid not./Im afraid that.Africa

9、 n.非洲African a.非洲的，非洲人的after ft(r)adv./prep/conj.在.之后；晚于after all 终究，毕竟It has turned out to be a nice day after all.天气终于转晴了。afternoon ftnunn.下午，午后in the afternoonon Monday afternoonon the afternoon ofagainenad.再一次；再，又again and again 一次又一次地，反复地，再三地I called him again and again,but he didnt answer the

10、telephone.我一次又一次地给他打电话，可是他就是不接。now and again 有时He came to see me now and again.他过去有时来看望我。against enstprep.对着，反对对着，反对If no one is against this plan,lets carry it out.如果没有人反对这个计划，那我们就开始吧。靠着，依着The policeman asked the young man to stand against the wall.警察命令那个年轻人靠着墙站好。age edn.年龄；时代for ones age 论年龄He loo

11、ks older for his age because of years of hard work.由于多年操劳，他看起来比实际年龄大。at the age of 在.岁时ago ad.以前long ago 很久以前，从前Long long ago there was a king and he loved horses.很久以前，有一位国王，他喜爱马。some time ago 不久前Some time ago,I heard he would come to see me.不久前，我听说他要来看我。a while ago 刚才He was here a while ago.他刚才还在这儿

12、。近义词辨析：ago 和 beforeago:应注意两点：用于一般过去时；它所指的时间是从现在算起。before:也应该注意两点：用于过去完成时；她所指的时间不是从现在算起，而是从过去某一时刻算起。A short time before,tall trees had covered the country for many miles around.在那时不久之前，高大的树木覆盖着方圆数英里。agree ri v.同意；应允近义词辨析：agree to 和 agree withagree to:意思 是“同意”，后面接表示计划、安排、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形，表示愿意协助工作。Do yo

13、u agree to this agreement?你同意这项协议吗？He didnt agree to help us.他不同意帮助我们。agree with:意思是“与（意见）一致”后面一般接人，也可接意见、看法等。但不含有协助的意思。I dont agree with what you said.我不同意你说的话。I dont agree with your idea.我不同意你的主意Her father didnt agree to buy him a computer.（她父亲不同意给她买电脑。）agree on 就.达成一致agreementri mntn.同意；一致；协定air

14、e(r)n.空气；大气by air 乘飞机in the(open)air 在户外airport eptn.航空站，飞机场at the airport 在机场alive lava.活着的，存在的all ladj.&pron.全部的，所有的all day 整日all kinds of 各种各样的all over 遍布all right 行，可以all along 一直，始终not at all 根本不in all 总共allow lavt.允许，准允allow sb to do sthFather allowed me to go to the cinema.（父亲允许我去看电影。）allow d

15、oingalmost lm stad.几乎，差不多alone l na.单独的，孤独的近义词辨析：lonely/alonealone 指“独自一人的”，强调客观事实，通常只放在动词、系动词之后，作表语He was alone in the room.他独自一人在屋里。lonely 指“孤单的”、“孤独的”，表示主观感觉，在句中作标语或主语。用作定语修饰地方时。along l;(US)ladv.&prep 沿着；向前；共同，一起；all along 始终，一直I knew the truth of the matter all long.那件事情的真相我始终是清楚的。along with 于.一

16、道Yesterday I went along with my brother to the shop.昨天我和我的弟弟一道去了那家商店。get along with 和.相处aloudladad.大声地read aloud 大声朗读already lredad.已经近义词辨析：already/yetalready:用于完成时的肯定句中。yet:“尚（未），已经”（用于否定句、疑问句中，谈论将要发生的事情）also ls ad.也although l conj.虽然；尽管always lwezad.总是；一直；永远America merkn.美国；美洲American merkna.n.美国人

17、；美国人的；美国人among mprep.在中间；在(三个以上)之间近义词辨析：among/between这两个词都含有“在中间”的意思。among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”He built a house among the forest.他在树林中盖了一间房。between 则用于“两者之间”What is the difference between the two words?这两个词的区别是什么？ancient en nta.古代的;古老的and nd,ndconj.和；又；而and so on 等等This book tells about food,fruits,dishes

18、and so on.这本书讲了有关食物、水果、菜肴等等有关的东西。angry nra.生气的，愤怒的be angry with/at/aboutanimalnm()ln.动物another n(r)a.pron.再一；另一；别的；不同的；另一个answer ns(r);(US)nsrn.&v.回答;解决方案;反应I couldnt answer all the exam questions.我没能作答全部的试卷问题。the answer to sth.的答案/解决方案ant ntn.蚂蚁There are some ants in the tree.树里有一些蚂蚁。any en wepron.

19、任何一个人/物 adj.每一的;任何一个的anybodyenbd pron.任何人，无论谁anyone enwnpron.任何人，无论谁anything enpron.什么事（物）；任何事（物）anywayenwead.不管怎样anywhere eniwe(r)ad.任何地方appearp(r)vi.出现It appears that hes lost interest in singing.（看来他对唱歌失去兴趣了。）apple p()ln.苹果April epr()ln.四月area ern.面积；地域；区域；范围；领域arm mn.臂，支架army mn.军队around randpre

20、p.围绕;环绕;在.四周arrive rav vi.到达；达到arrive at/inThey arrived in Hangzhou on time.（他们按时到达杭州。）art tn.艺术，美术；技艺article tk()ln.文章；东西；冠词artist tstasz,zadv./conj./prep 同样地；与一样；作为asas(用于比较)与.一样.Tom is as tall as his brother.汤姆和他弟弟一样高。as a result 结果He works hard all day,as a result,he got a good mark in his Engli

21、sh exam.他整日努力学习，因此在英语考试中取得了优异的成绩。as if 仿佛，好像He talks as if he knew about it.他说起来好像知道这件事似的。as long as 只要，和一样长：You will do well in your English study as/so long as you keep on.只要坚持下去，你一定能学好英语。as well 也My class went to the cinema and I went there as well.我们班去电影院了，我也去了那里。Asia e n.亚洲Asian e()n,e()n n./a.

22、亚洲人;亚洲（人）的askskv.问,询问；请求，要求；邀请ask sb to do sth.ask for 请求，寻求He asked a policeman for help when was in trouble yesterday.昨天他有困难时向警察求助。asleepslipa.睡着的，熟睡fall asleep 入睡Though it is 12 in the night.I still find it hard to fall asleep.尽管已经是夜里 12 点钟了，我发现还是很难入 睡。词型转换：sleep/sleeping/sleepy/asleepat tprep.在（

23、几点钟）；在（某处）Atlantic Ocean n.大西洋attendtendv.参加，出席，上大学attentionten()nn.关心；注意pay attention to 关注/注意.August stn.八月aunt nt;(US)ntn.伯母；舅母；审；姑；姨Australia streljn.澳洲；澳大利亚Australian strelna.n.澳洲的；澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人autumn tmn.秋天，秋季mid-autumn 中秋in autumnthe mid-autumn festivalavoid vdv.避免；躲开；逃避She should avoid eating

24、too much chocolate.她应该尽量少吃巧克力。awake wekv.&a.唤醒；醒着的This morning I was awoken by my alarm clock.今早我是被闹钟闹醒的。away wead.离开；远离awful a.可怕的，极坏的Bbaby beb n.婴儿back bk n.后面，背部，足球等的后卫 adv.向后地；以前 v.后退，支持at/on the back of 在.后面backgroundbkrandn.背景Hes always going on about his working class background.他老是谈论自己出身于工薪阶

25、层家庭。Without knowing the background of the case,I couldnt possibly comment.因为不了解案件的背景情况，我不能加以评论。badbda.坏的；有害的；不利的；严重的be bad for 对.有害/不利bagbgn.书包；提包；袋子ball bl n.球balloonblun n.气球bamboo bmbun.竹banana bnn;(US)bnn n.香蕉bank bkn.（河、海、湖的）岸，堤；银行baseballbesbl n.棒球play baseball 打棒球basicbesk a.基本的basket bskt;(U

26、S)bsktn.篮子basketballbsktbl n.篮球play basketball 打篮球bathroombrum n.浴室be bi(am,is,are,was,were)v.是（原形），成为beach bit n.海滨，海滩bean n.豆，毫无价值的东西bear be(r)（bore,born）n.熊；粗鲁的人 v.忍受，具有，结果实beat(beat,beaten)bit v.n.敲打；跳动；打赢；（音乐）节拍He beat his son for telling lies.他因他儿子说谎而打了他。beautiful bjutf()l a.美丽的，美观的because bkz

27、;(US)bkz conj.因为because of(接名词或者名词词组)因为.He begs because of poverty,not hunger.他不是因为饿了，而是因为贫穷才要饭的。because 后接句子。become(became,became)bkm v.变得；成为The custom has now become a rule.（那个习俗现已变为成规。）bed bed n.床bedroombedrum n.寝室，卧室beefbif n.牛肉beforebf(r)prep.ad.conj.在以前；在前面；以前 在.之前before long 不久以后Before long,n

28、ews came that China lost the game.不久以后传来消息说中国队比赛输了。the day before yesterday 前天He went to see his grandmother the day before yesterday.他前天去看望他奶奶了。long before 很久以前She said she had seen the film long before.她说很久以前就看过这部电影。begin(began,begun)bn v.开始，着手近义词辨析：begin/start二者都表示“开始”后面可以接不定式或动名词，一般可以互换使用。区别是：be

29、gin 侧重于时间上一个过程的开始；start 侧重于形态上的开始，通常指由到静到动的过程。The meeting will begin at seven oclock.（会议将在七点开始。）beginning n.开端；起点；起源at the beginning of 在.的开始begin with 以.开始behind bhand prep.ad.(表示位置)在后面 在后面；向后believe bli v v.相信；认为I believe what you say.（我相信你说的话。）bell bel n.钟，铃；钟（铃）声；钟形物belowbl prep.在下面beside bsad p

30、rep.在.旁边；靠近besides prep.&adv.除之外；此外近义词辨析：except/besidesexcept 除之外；侧重整体除去一部分We all knew about the news except Jim.除了 Jim 以外，我们都知道这个消息。（不包括 Jim）besides 除之外（还有）We all knew about the news besides Jim.（包括 jim）best n.a.最好的人，最好的事物；最好的better n./a 较好者。较好的between btwi n prep.在（两者）之间，在中间bigb a.大的bike=bicycleba

31、k n.自行车billbl n.帐单；法案，议案；（美）钞票，纸币birdbd n.鸟birth b n.出生；诞生birthday bde n.生日biscuitbskt n.饼干bit bt n.一点，一些，少量a bit 一点儿black blk n.a.黑色；黑色的blackboard blkbd n.黑板blind bland n.瞎的block n.街区blood n.血，血液blouse n.（女士）短上衣，衬衫blow(blew,blown)bl v.吹；刮风；吹气It was blowing hard.天刮着大风。blue blu a.蓝色board bd n.木板；布告牌；

32、委员会；（政府的）部boat b t n.小船，小舟bodybdi n.身体book bk n.书籍；著作；本；册bored a.无聊的，无趣的boringbr a.乏味的；无聊的bornbn a.出生be born 出生于borrow br v.（向别人）借用；借borrow from 向.借入.lendto 把.借给.Tom always borrows money from others.（汤姆总是跟别人借钱。）boss bs n.领班；老板both b a.pron.两；双；两者；双方bothand.和.都both of.两者都bottle bt()l n.瓶子a bottle of

33、一瓶.bottom btm n.底部；底at the bottom of 在.的底部bowl b l n.碗a bowl of 一碗.box bks n.盒子，箱子a box ofboy b n.男孩brain bren n.脑子bravebrev a.勇敢的bread bred n.面包；食物，粮食；生计a piece of bread 一片面包break(broke,broken)brek v 打破（断、碎）；损坏，撕开He fell and broke his leg.（他跌倒了，腿跌断了。）breakfast brekfst n.早餐have breakfast 吃早餐havefor

34、breakfast 早餐吃.breathe v.呼吸；低声说breathe in/out 吸入/呼出bridge brd n.桥bright brat a.明亮的；聪明的bring(brought,brought)br vt.拿来，带来，取来bring sth to ones attention 使某人注意.bring sb.with 某人随身携带某物bring sth.for sb.给某人带来某物She brought her friends to the party.（他带着朋友来参加聚会。）Britain n.大不列颠British a.英国（人）的brother br(r)n.兄；弟b

35、rown bran n.a.褐色，棕色；褐色的，棕色的brush br v.n.刷；擦；刷子We should brush our teeth twice a day.我们应该每天刷牙两次。build(built,built)bld v.建筑；造Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。building bld n.建筑物；房屋；大楼burn(-ed,ed/burnt,burnt)b n v.燃，烧；着火；使烧焦；使晒黑All his belongings were burnt in the fire.他所有的财物都已付之一炬。bus bs n.公共汽车by bu

36、s 乘公共汽车on a bus 在公共汽车上at the bus stop 在公共汽车站business bzns n.（本分）工作；职业；生意；交易；事业on business 出差busy bz a.忙（碌）的be busy(in)doing something.忙着做be busy with 忙于She is busy doing her homework.她正忙着做作业。but bt,bt conj.Prep.但是；可是；除了；除之外buy(bought,bought)bavt.买buy sb.sth./buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物by ba prep.靠近；在旁边；在时

37、间；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）Ccabbage kbd n.洋白菜；卷心菜cake kek n.蛋糕；糕点；饼calendar n.日历callkl n.v.叫；电话，通话；称呼；喊；叫call at 拜访某地call on 拜访某人call back 叫回，召回callfor help 喊帮忙My brother called me from Wuhan last night.昨晚我哥哥从武汉打电话给我。camera kmr n.照相机；摄象机digital camera 数码相机camp kmp n.（夏令）营go camping 去野营They have decided to go c

38、amping next week.他们已决定下个星期去露营。can(cant/cannot)ken,kn(could,-)modal v.能够；可以；会；(不能)Canada knd n.加拿大Canadian knedn a./n 加拿大（人）的，加拿大人cancel kns()l v.取消The sports meeting had to be cancelled because of the bad weather.运动会因天气不好只得取消。candleknd()l n.蜡烛light candles 点燃蜡烛candy knd n.糖果cap kp n.（无檐的或仅在前面有檐的）帽子c

39、apital kpt()l n.首都；省会；大写；资本captain kptn n.（海军）上校；船长；舰长；队长car k(r)n.汽车；小卧车card kd n.卡片；名片；纸牌care ke(r)n.v.照料；小心；在乎；关心He failed the exam but he didnt seem to care.他考试不及格却似乎并不在乎。take care of 照顾，照管His son took care of him when he was ill.当他生病时。他的儿子照顾他。care for 关心，照顾，喜欢care about 担心，关心careful kefl a.小心的；

40、仔细的；谨慎的be careful of 小心careless kels a.粗心的；漫不经心的carrot n.胡萝卜carry kr vt.拿；搬；带；提；抬；背；抱；运等She carried her baby in her arms.她怀中抱着婴儿。cartoon n.漫画，动画片cat kt n.猫catch(caught,caught)kt v.接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病）catch up(常与 with 连用)赶上I have to work harder to catch up with the rest of the class.我得加倍努力赶上其他同学。近义词辨析：cat

41、ch up with/keep up withcatch up with 意思是“赶上”，指由落后状态变为并肩状态，指动作；keep with“跟上”，并驾骑驱，侧重状态。cause kz n.vt.原因；起因；引起；导致Smoking can cause lung cancer.吸烟可致肺癌。CD n.激光唱片；只读光盘；存储器CD-ROM 只读光盘；存储器celebrate selbret v.庆祝We held a party to celebrate our success.我们举行宴会庆祝成功。cent sent n.美分(100cents=1 dollar)central a.中心

42、的，中央的centre(美 center)sent n.中心，中央century sent ur n.世纪，百年21st century 21 世纪certains t()n a.确定的，无疑的；一定会for certain 毫无疑问certainlys t()nli adv.毫无疑问地；当然chair t e(r)n.椅子chairman n.主席，董事长chairwoman n.女主席，女董事长chalk t k n.粉笔chance t ns;(US)t ns n.机会，可能性by chance 偶然的，意外地I met him in the street quite by chance

43、.我在街上很偶然地遇见了他。changet end n.v.零钱；找头改变，变化；更换；兑换Once she has made up her mind,nothing can change it.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。change into 变成Put a basin of water in cold outside and the next morning,the water will change into ice.在寒冷的室外放一盆水，第二天早晨水就会变成冰。cheap t i p a.便宜的，贱checkt ek n.vt.检查；批改;校对，检查；批改I have che

44、cked your answers and none of them are correct.我检查了你的答案，没有一个是对的。check in（在旅馆、机场等）登记，验票You must check in an hour before the plane leaves.你必须在飞机起飞前一个小时办理登机手续。check-out 结账，付款处，收银台I will wait for you at the check-out.我在收银台等你。cheert(r)n.&vi.欢呼；喝彩cheeron 为加油The crowd cheered both teams on.观众为双方的球队欢呼加油。Che

45、er up!高兴点儿！Cheer up!Dont be so worried.高兴点儿！别担心。chemistry kemistri n.化学chesst es n.棋play chess 下象棋chicken t kn n.鸡；鸡肉child(pl.children)t ald n.孩子，儿童China t an n.中国Chinese t aniz a.n.中国的；中国人的；中国话的，汉语的;中国人；中国话，汉语，中文chocolate t klit n.巧克力choice n.选择；抉择make a choice 做出选择choose(chose,chosen)t uz vt.选择I c

46、hoose my parents as my idol.我选择我父母为我的偶像。chopsticks t pstks n.筷子Christmaskrsms n.圣诞节(12 月 25)cinema snim n.电影院；电影go to the cinema 去看电影circle s k()l n.vt.圆圈;将圈起来city st n.市，城市，都市clap klp vi.&n.拍手；鼓掌class kls;(US)kls n.(学校里的)班；年级；课近义词辨析：class/lessonclass 指以时间为单位的课堂教学活动，也指“班级或全体学生”;lesson 指“功课”等教学内容。Cla

47、ss Two is having a Chinese lesson.二班在上语文课。作“课”讲时，lesson 可以和 class 互换。We have no classes/lessons on Sundays.我们星期天不上课。classmate klsmet n.同班同学classroom klsrum n.教室clean klin vt.a.弄干净，擦干净;清洁的，干净的We spent the whole afternoon cleaning our classroom.我们花了整个下午打扫教室。clean up 清除，收拾干净Boys and girls,please clean

48、up your desks.同学们，请把你们的书桌收拾干净。clean-up 大扫除clear kl a.清晰的；明亮的；清楚的clear up 清理；放晴；打扫They were clearing up this room then.他们那个时候在打扫房间。clever klev a.聪明的，伶俐的近义词辨析：clever/brightclever 指“聪明、机敏、熟练”等。He is clever with money.他善于理财。bright 多指小孩“聪明、伶俐”，或者指好的想法或建议。That bright boy gave us a bright idea.那个聪明的男孩给我们一个

49、好主意。climb klam v.爬，攀登climb up/down 爬上/下clock klk n.钟clock tower 钟楼close kl z vt.关，关闭They closed the door to keep the room warm.他们把门关上来保持屋子暖和。clothes klz;(US)kl z n.衣服；各种衣物clothes-line 晾衣绳cloud klad n.云；云状物；阴影cloudyklad a.多云的，阴天的club klb n.俱乐部coach k t n.教练,马车；长途车coal k l n.煤；煤块coast k st n.海岸；海滨coat

50、 k t n.外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛coffee kf;(US)kf n.咖啡coffee bar 咖啡吧coin kn n.硬币cold k ld a.n.冷的，寒的;寒冷；感冒，伤风collect klekt vt.收集，搜集 They held a concert to collect money for the poor people.他们举办演唱会来为穷人筹钱。college kld n.学院；专科学校colour(美 color)kl n.vt.颜色;给着色，涂色come(came,come)km vi.来，来到I hope my dream will come true.我希望梦