2017年12月英语六级听力真题原文(第二套)(总6页).pdf

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1、机密启用前大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试 （年 月第 套）试 题 册敬 告 考 生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 1 的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡 1 和答题卡 2 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用 HB2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规

2、定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡 1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用 HB2B 铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理：1.未正确填写（涂）个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷

3、。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会 ()：，），），）听力音频 1.A)Say a few words to thank the speaker.C)Give a lecture on the history of the town.B)Introduce the speaker to the audience.D)Host a talk on how to give a good speech.2.A)He was the founder of the local history society.B)He has worked with Miss Blig

4、h for 20 years.C)He has published a book on public speaking.D)He joined the local history society when young.3.A)She was obviously better at talking than writing.B)She had a good knowledge of the towns history.C)Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.D)Her ancestors came to the town in the

5、 18th century.4.A)He read exactly what was written in his notes.C)He made an embarrassing remark.B)He kept forgetting what he was going to say.D)He was too nervous to speak up.5.A)What their retailers demand.C)How they are going to beat their rivals.B)What their rivals are doing.D)How dramatically t

6、he market is changing.6.A)They should be taken seriously.C)Their business strategy is quite effective.B)They are rapidly catching up.D)Their potential has been underestimated.7.A)She had given it to Tom.C)She had not seen it yet.B)It simply made her go frantic.D)It was not much of a big concern.8.A)

7、Restructuring the whole company.C)Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.B)Employing more forwarding agents.D)Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.：，），），）9.A)It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.B)It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.C)It cautions against the ov

8、eruse of coffee and alcohol.D)It shows that“night owls”work much less efficiently.10.A)They pay greater attention to food choice.C)They run a higher risk of gaining weight.B)They tend to achieve less than their peers.D)They stand a greater chance to fall sick.11.A)Get up late.C)Exercise more.B)Sleep

9、 8 hours a day.D)Go to bed earlier.12.A)All of the acting nominees are white.C)It is prejudiced against foreign films.B)It has got too much publicity on TV.D)Only 7%of the nominees are female.13.A)22 percent of movie directors were people of color.B)Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.C

10、)Only onefifth of TV shows had black characters.D)Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.14.A)Nonwhite males.C)Females of color over 40.B)Program creators.D)Asian speaking characters.15.A)They constitute 17%of Hollywood movie characters.B)They are most underrepresented across TV and film.C)Th

11、ey contribute little to the U.S.film industry.D)They account for 8.5%of the U.S.population.：，），），）16.A)One that can provide for emergency needs.B)One that can pay for their medical expenses.C)One that covers their debts and burial expenses.D)One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.17.A

12、)Purchase insurance for their children.C)Buy a home with a small down payment.B)Save sufficient money for a rainy day.D)Add more insurance on the breadwinner.18.A)When their children grow up and leave home.B)When they have saved enough for retirement.C)When their family move to a different place.D)W

13、hen they have found betterpaying jobs.19.A)They do more harm than good.C)They do not help build friendship.B)They have often been ignored.D)They may not always be negative.20.A)Biased sources of information.C)Misinterpretation of Shakespeare.B)Ignorance of cultural differences.D)Tendency to jump to

14、conclusions.21.A)They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.B)They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.C)They persist even when circumstances have changed.D)They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.22.A)They impact people more or less in the same way.B)Som

15、e people are more sensitive to them than others.C)A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.D)A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.23.A)Use some overthecounter medicine instead.B)Quit taking the medicine immediately.C)Take some drug to relieve the side effect.D)

16、Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.24.A)It may help patients fall asleep.C)It may cause serious harm to ones liver.B)It may lead to mental problems.D)It may increase the effect of certain drugs.25.A)Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.B)Keep medicines out of the reach of th

17、eir children.C)Make sure their children use quality medicines.D)Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.()：，The Pacific island nation of Palau has become home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in theworld.The new marine reserve,now the largest in the Pacific,will 26no fishing or mining.Pa

18、laualso established the worlds first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres 80 percent of its maritime 27,for full protection.Thats the highest percentage of an 28economic zone devoted tomarine conservation by any country in the world.The remaining 20

19、percent of the Palau seas will bereserved for local fishing by individuals and smallscale 29fishing businesses with limitedexports.“Island 30have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean,”said PresidentTommy Remengesau Jr.in a statement.“Creating this sanctuary is a bold move that

20、the people of Palaurecognise as 31to our survival.We want to lead the way in restoring the health of the ocean forfuture generations.”Palau has only been an 32nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmentalprotection.It is home to one of the worlds finest marine ecosystems,with mor

21、e than 1,300 species offish and 700 species of coral.Senator Hokkons Baules,lead 33of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act,said thesanctuary will“help build a 34future for the Palauan people by honoring the conservationtraditions of our past”.These include the centuriesold custom of“bul”,where le

22、aders would call atemporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35an opportunity to(补充).A)allocateB)celebritiesC)commercialD)communitiesE)essentialF)exclusiveG)independentH)indulgeI)permitJ)secureK)solitaryL)spectacleM)sponsorN)stocksO)territory：，：A It is a movement building steady

23、 momentum:a call to make research data,software code andexperimental methods publicly available and transparent.A spirit of openness is gainingacceptance in the science community,and is the only way,say advocates,to address a crisis inscience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced.Furt

24、hermore,they say,it is thebest way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed updiscoveries or to identify largescale trends.B The opendata shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers.On the one hand,the driveto share is gathering official steam.Since

25、2013,global scientific bodies have begun to backpolicies that support increased public access to research.On the other hand,scientists disagreeabout how much and when they should share data,and they debate whether sharing it is morelikely to accelerate science and make it more robust,or to introduce

26、 vulnerabilities and problems.As more journals and funders adopt datasharing requirements,and as a growing number ofenthusiasts call for more openness,junior researchers must find their place between adopters andthose who continue to hold out,even as they strive to launch their own careers.C One key

27、 challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientificallyvulnerable.They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposalfrom those who are wary of or unfamiliar with open science.And they must learn how tocapitalize on the movements benefits

28、,such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build areputation without the need for conventional metrics,such as publication in highimpact journals.D Some fields have embraced open data more than others.Researchers in psychology,a field rockedby findings of irreproducibility in the past fe

29、w years,have been especially vocal supporters of thedrive for moreopen science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increaseinterest in reproducible science for example,by affixing an opendata badge to articles thatclearly state where data are available.According to social psychologi

30、st Brian Nosek,executivedirector of the Center for Open Science,the average datasharing rate for the journal,which uses the badges,increased tenfold to 38%from 2013 to 2015.E Funders,too,are increasingly adopting an opendata policy.Several strongly encourage,and somerequire,a datamanagement plan tha

31、t makes data available.The US National Science Foundationis among these.Some (慈善的)funders,including the Bill&Melinda GatesFoundation in Seattle,Washington,and the Wellcome Trust in London,also mandate open datafrom their grant recipients.F But many young researchers,especially those who have not bee

32、n mentored in open science,areuncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdocs,who often areworking on their lab heads grant,may have no choice if their supervisor or another seniorcolleague opposes sharing.G Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too hig

33、h,especially at the early stages of acareer.“Everybody has a scary story about someone (被抢先),”says New YorkUniversity astronomer David Hogg.Those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to sharedata even when publishing in journals that mandate it.H Researchers at small labs or at insitution

34、s focused on teaching arguably have the most to losewhen sharing hardwon data.“With my institution and teaching load,I dont have postdocs andgrad students,”says Terry McGlynn,a tropical biologist at California State University,Dominguez Hills.“The stakes are higher for me to share data because its a

35、 bigger fraction ofwhats happening in my lab.”I Researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Oncethe data and associated materials appear in a (存储库),answering questions andhandling complaints can take many hours.J The time investment can present other

36、 problems.In some cases,says data scientist Karthik Ram,itmay be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many ofwhom head selection and promotion committees might ridicule what they may view asmisplaced energies.“Ive heard this recently that embracing the idea of

37、open data and codemakes traditional academics uncomfortable,”says Ram.“The concern seems to be that openadvocates dont spend their time being as productive as possible.”K An openscience stance can also add complexity to a collaboration.Kate Ratliff,who studiessocial attitudes at the University of Fl

38、orida,Gainesville,says that it can seem as if there are twocamps in a field those who care about open science and those who dont.“Theres a new areato navigate Are you cool with the fact that Ill want to make the data open?whentalking with somebody about an interesting research idea,”she says.L Despi

39、te complications and concerns,the upsides of sharing can be significant.For example,wheninformation is uploaded to a repository,a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.Scientists canuse a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle,not just the final paper.In so doing,theycan potentially

40、 get three citations one each for the data and software,in addition to the paperitself.And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.M Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will prote

41、ctscientists from being scooped.“This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it,while discouraging (剽窃),”says Ivo Grigorov,a project coordinator at the NationalInstitute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund,Denmark.Hogg says thatscooping is less of a problem

42、than many think.“The two cases Im familiar with didnt involveopen data or code,”he says.N Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining betteraccess to crucial data.Ross Mounce,a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University ofCambridge,UK,is

43、a vocal champion of open science,partly because his fossilbased researchdepends on access to others data.He says that more openness in science could help to discouragewhat some perceive as a common practice of shutting out earlycareer scientists requests for data.O Communication also helps for those

44、 who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration,he says.Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study.“Whenever you start aproject with someone,you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who ownsthe data,at what point they go public and who can do what w

45、ith them,”he says.P In the end,sharing data,software and materials with colleagues can help an earlycareerresearcher to gain recognition a crucial component of success.“The thing you are searchingfor is reputation,”says Titus Brown,a (基因组学)researcher at the University ofCalifornia,Davis.“To get gran

46、ts and jobs,you have to be relevant and achieve some level ofpublic recognition.Anything you do that advances your presence especially in a larger sphere,outside the communities you know is a net win.”36.Astronomer David Hogg doesnt think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.37.Some

47、 researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publishsomething similar before them.38.Some psychology journals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.39.There is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the pub

48、lic.40.Sharing data offers earlycareer researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation.41.Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work,thus leading to morecitations.42.Scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing.43.Poten

49、tial problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by allparticipants at the beginning of a joint research project.44.Sharing data and handling datarelated issues can be timeconsuming.45.Junior researchers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.：），），）In the beginning

50、of the movie，a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plungeinto the waterDel Spooner or a child.Even though Spooner screams“Save her!Save her!”the robotrescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarahs 11percent.The robots decision and its cal