1997考研英语(一)真题与答案解析.doc.pdf

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1、考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 119971997 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题Text 1Text 1题材：题材：社会生活类 词数：社会生活类 词数：3863861.It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months ofarguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australias Northern Territory became thefirst legal

2、authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whowish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10.Almost immediatelyword flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executivedirector of the Right to Die Society of

3、 Canada.He sent it on via the groups on-line service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long,because of course this isnt justsomething that happened in Australia.Its world history.”2.The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill lawhasleft physician

4、s and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Somehave breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right-to-life groups and the AustralianMedical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide isunlikely to turn back.In Austral

5、iawhere an aging population,life-extending technology andchanging community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to considermaking a similar law to deal with euthanasia.In the US and Canada,where the right-to-diemovement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the domin

6、oes to start falling.3.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death probably by adeadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminallyill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificateof r

7、equest.After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a 54-year-oldDarwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can geton with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathingcondition.“Im not afraid of

8、 dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of washow Id go,because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing attheir masks,”he says.51.From the second paragraph we learn that _.A the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB physicians

9、and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage52.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling,he means_.A observers are tak

10、ing a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canada and other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53.When Lloyd Nickson dies

11、,he will _.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient1/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 1C have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven days54.The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of

12、 _.A oppositionB suspicionC approvalD indifferenceText 1Text 1文章内容全解文章内容全解一、试题出处分析一、试题出处分析本文属现象分析型文章，文章通过讲述澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)通过安乐死法案这一事件，揭示了这一法案的深远影响及其对晚期绝症病人的意义。二、原文深度解读二、原文深度解读Para 1Para 11.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hotparliamentaryparliamentary debatesdebates,Australias时间状语主句主语

13、Northern Territorybecame the first legal authoritylegal authorityin the worldto allow doctors to take the系表结构作主句谓语后置定语不定式结构作后置定语，lives of incurablyincurably ill patients who wish to die.(P1S2)修饰 authority定语从句，修饰 patients翻译经过 6 个月的争论和最后 16 个小时激烈的国会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。解析该

14、句是复合句，句子的主干是 Australias Northern Territory became the first legalauthority，其中包含一个定语从句。parliamentaryparliamentary/plmentr/adj.议会的，国会的议会的，国会的，设有议会的真题例句 They are brought sport,comedy,drama,music,news and current affairs,education,religion,parliamentaryparliamentary coverage,childrens programmes and fil

15、ms for an annual license fee of83 per household.每户每年交 83 英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。(1996 阅读 text 2 para2 s2)串记同族：parliament(n.议会，国会)parliamentarian(n.议会议员；资深议员)debatedebate/dbet/n.(1)(在公共集会上或议会里就某问题进行的、常以表决结束的)辩论辩论(2)(各自发表不同意见的)争论争论，辩论v.(尤指正式的)讨论讨论，辩论真题例句But had Entergy kept its

16、word,that debatedebate would be beside the point.但是，如果安特吉公司信守承诺，这一争论就无关紧要了。(2012 阅读 A text 2 para5 s4)On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicidedebatedebate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine hasprolonged the physical

17、 agony of dying.另一层面，医疗界很多人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪，对于这些病人来说，现代医学延长了病人临终前的身体痛苦。(2002 阅读 text 4 para6)Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debateddebated the social implications of thesechanges,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.学者、决策者以及各个领域的评论

18、家都在讨论这些变化的社会影响，但很少有人看到其负面影响：家庭风险也增加了。(2007 阅读 A text 3 para2 s2)搭配 be open to debate 有待讨论under debate 讨论中串记同族：debater(n.参加辩论者，争论者)debatable(adj.可争辩的，有争议的)同义：discuss(vt.讨论，谈论，商量)argue(vi.争论，争吵，争辩)dispute(v.对提出质疑；2/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 1争辩，争论)legal authoritylegal authority 合法当局合法当局incurablyin

19、curably/nkjrbl/adv.不能治愈地不能治愈地；不可救药地；不能矫正地搭配 incurably ill病入膏肓incurably romantic浪漫至极串记同族：incurable(adj.不能治愈的；不能改变的，无法矫正的)cure(v.治愈；纠正，矫正)反义：curable(adj.可治愈的，可医治的)2.Almostimmediatelywordflashedflashedon the Internetandwas picked up,half ahalf a程度状语副词作状语主语谓语一地点状语连词谓语二插入语world awayworld away,by John Hof

20、sess,executive directorexecutive directorof the Right to Die Society of Canada.状语同位语，解释说明John Hofsess 的身份(P1S4)翻译该消息几乎立刻就出现在互联网上，被身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯看到。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是word flashedand was picked up。flashflash/fl/v.(1)(使)闪耀，闪光(2)(快速地快速地)显示显示(3)突然想到，猛然想起n.(1)闪光，闪耀(2)(想法的)突现，(情感的)突发(3)(明亮的东西)闪现

21、闪现真题例句 This is no flashflash in the pan;over the past couple of years,inflation has beenconsistently lower than expected in Britain and America.这不是昙花一现；在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。(1997 阅读 text 5 para3 s5)搭配 a flash in the pan 昙花一现in/like a flash 转瞬间，立即half a world wayhalf a world way 在地球的另一端在地球的另一端e

22、xecutive directorexecutive director 执行理事执行理事，常务董事3.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsbulletinsall day longall day long,because主句谓语 主句主语宾语从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语 时间状语 原因状语从句标志词of coursethisisnt just somethingthat happened in Australia.”(P1S6)状语从句主语 系表结构作从句谓语 定语从句，修饰 something翻译他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，因为这当然不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情。

23、”解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是Hofsess says，冒号后的直接引语部分看可做是宾语从句作谓语 says 的宾语，该宾语从句包含一个由because 引导的原因状语从句，且该原因状语从句还包含一个由 that 引导的定语从句。bulletinbulletin/bltn/n.(1)(电台或电视台的)新闻简报(2)公告公告，布告(3)(机构或组织的)简报all day longall day long 整天整天Para 2Para 24.The full importimportmay taketakea whilea whileto sink insink in.(P2S1)主语谓语宾语宾

24、语补足语翻译要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能需要一段时间。解析该句是简单句，结构较为简单。importimport/mpt/n.(1)进口，输入的产品(2)进口进口，输入，引进(3)重要性重要性vt./mpt/进口，输入，引进真题例句 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged$22 abarrel for a full year,compared with$13 in 1998,this would increase the oil importimport bill in ric

25、heconomies by only 0.25%-0.5%of GDP.经合组织(OECD)在最新一期的经济展望中估计，如果全年石油价格平均每桶22 美元，那么与 1998 年每桶 13 美元的价格对比，发达国家进口石油增加的费用只占国内生产总值的0.25%-0.5%。(2002 阅读 text 3 para4 s5)串记同族：importation(n.进口)importer(n.从事进口的人，进口商)important(adj.重要的，有重大影响的)反义：export(n.出口，输出vt.出口，输出；传播)3/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 1take a wh

26、iletake a while 花费一些时间花费一些时间sink insink in 被完全理解被完全理解；被充分意识到5.Somehave breathedbreathedsighs of reliefsighs of relief,others,including churches,right-to-life分句一主语分句一谓语分句一宾语分句二主语现在分词短语作插入语groups and the Australian MedicalAssociationAssociation,bitterlybitterlyattackedthe billandthe状语分句二谓语 分句二宾语 连词 宾语

27、hastehasteof its passagepassage.(P2S3)后置定语翻译一些人如释重负，而另一些人，包括教会、生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。解析该句是并列句，由逗号连接两个独立的句子构成。分句一的主干是Some have breathedsighs of relief；分句二的主干是 othersattacked the bill and the haste。真题句型逗号连接两个独立的分句构成的并列句。句型再现 Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the wo

28、rld are fans of superstarslike Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet“some Americans fear that immigrants livingwithin the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”罗格里格兹指出，世界上偏远村庄里的孩子们是阿诺 施瓦辛格和葛斯布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷或者歌迷，然而“一些美国人却担忧居住在美国的移民们会在某种程度上对这个国家的同化作用是免疫的”。(2006 阅读

29、A text 1 para5)breathe sighs of reliefbreathe sighs of relief 松了一口气；如释重负如释重负associationassociation/ssen/n.(1)协会协会，社团，联盟，组织组织(2)联合，合伙；交往(3)联想，联系真题例句In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the NationalBasketball AssociationAssociation(NBA)listed at over seven feet.在 20 世纪

30、60 年代早期，威尔特 张伯伦是美国篮球协会(NBA)中仅有的 3 名身高 7 英尺有余的队员之一。(2008 阅读 A text 3para1 s1)In the former case the education is incidental;it is natural and important,but it is not theexpress reason of the associationassociation.前一种情况中，教育是偶发的；这种教育自然而且重要，但却不是形成组织的确切原因。(2009 翻译 para1 s2)串记同族：associate(v.交往；联想，联系n.副的；

31、联合的，有关联的)associated(adj.有关联的，相关的；联合的)同义：organization(n.组织，团体，机构)institution(n.机构)bitterlybitterly/btl/adv.(1)伤心地，愤怒地愤怒地(2)极其，非常搭配 bitterly disappointed极其失望bitterly ashamed 极其羞愧串记同族：bitter(adj.激烈而不愉快的；愤愤不平的；味苦的)bitterness(n.愤懑；苦味)hastehaste/hest/n.急速，匆忙，仓促仓促vi.赶紧；匆忙搭配 more haste,less speed欲速则不达in has

32、te 匆忙地，慌张地串记同义：hurry(n.匆忙，急忙)rush(n.匆忙，仓促；猛烈移动，冲)passagepassage/psd/n.(1)通道，走廊(2)章节，段落，文章文章(3)(时间的)流逝，推移(4)通过通过(5)通路，通道(6)穿过，穿越，移动移动真题例句We can infer from the passagepassage that amateurs can compete with professionals insome areas of science.从文中我们可以推出，业余人员可以在科学的某些领域和专业人员竞争。(2001 阅读 text 1 Q52)The ho

33、t spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passagepassage of the plates.热点及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。(1998 阅读 text 5 para1 s4)6.In Australiawherean aging populationan aging population,life-extending technologylife-extending technology and4/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 1地点状语定语从句标志词从句主语changi

34、ng community attitudes community attitudeshave all played their partother states are going to consider从句谓语从句宾语主句主语主句谓语making a similar lawto deal with euthanasiaeuthanasia.(P2S5)动名词短语作主句宾语目的状语翻译在澳大利亚，老龄化人口、寿命延长技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用，其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是other states are going to consid

35、er making a similar law，其中包含一个定语从句。真题句型 where 引导的定语从句。句型再现 In the US and Canada,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength,observersare waiting for the dominoes to start falling.在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倒下。(1997 阅读 text 1 para2 s6)an aging populationan aging population 老龄化人口老龄化

36、人口life-extending technologylife-extending technology 寿命延长技术寿命延长技术community attitudescommunity attitudes 公众态度公众态度euthanasiaeuthanasia/junezj/n.安乐死安乐死Para 3Para 37.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patientcan requestdeath probably by a状语主语谓语宾语插入语，补充deadlydeadly injectioninjection or pill t

37、o put an end toput an end to suffering.(P3S1)说明 death 的方式目的状语翻译根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案，成年病人可以要求安乐死可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片来结束痛苦。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是an adult patient can request death。deadlydeadly/dedl/adj.(1)致命的，致死的致命的，致死的(2)极度的，十足的(3)枯燥的，令人厌烦的adv.极其，非常搭配 deadly disease/weapon致命的疾病/武器串记同族：dead(adj.死的，失去生命的；过时的，已废弃的adv.

38、完全地，全然地)同义：fatal(adj.致命的，灾难性的)mortal(adj.导致死亡的，致命的)injectioninjection/ndekn/n.(1)注射注射(2)大量资金的投入串记同族：inject(vt.注射；增加，添加；注入资金)put an end toput an end to 结束结束8.For Lloyd Nickson,a 54-year-old Darwinresidentresidentsuffering from lung cancer,the NT状语Lloyd Nickson的同位语现在分词短语作后置定语主句主语Rights of Terminally I

39、llTerminally Ill lawmeans he can get on with livingget on with livingwithout the hauntinghaunting主句谓语宾语从句，作 means 的宾语状语fear of his suffering:a terrifyingterrifying death from his breathing condition.(P3S5)同位语，解释说明 suffering的内容翻译对于居住于达尔文市现年 54 岁的肺癌患者劳埃德尼克森来说，澳北州晚期病人权利法 意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸

40、困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means，means 后的部分可看做是一个省略了连接词that 的宾语从句，作其宾语。residentresident/rezdnt/n.(1)居民居民，住户(2)住宿者，旅客，房客adj.居住的，定居的5/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 1真题例句 Then residentsresidents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the samequestions.

41、然后随机选取这些地区的居民通过电话询问相同的问题。(2001 阅读 text 3para4 s3)串记同族：residence(n.住所，住房；居住，定居)residency(n.居住，定居)residential(adj.适合居住的，住宅的；需要在某地居住的；提供住宿的)同义：inhabitant(n.居民)terminally illterminally ill 疾病晚期的；晚期病人晚期病人get on with livingget on with living 继续生活继续生活hauntinghaunting/hnt/adj.萦绕心头的萦绕心头的；使人难忘的搭配 a haunting m

42、elody难以忘怀的优美歌曲a haunting experience痛苦难忘的经历串记同族：haunt(vt.鬼魂出没；萦绕于脑际，难以忘却n.常去的场所，消磨时光的去处)haunted(adj.闹鬼的，有鬼魂出没的；忧心忡忡的，满面愁容的)terrifyterrify/terfa/vt.使恐惧，使十分害怕使恐惧，使十分害怕串记同族：terrifying(adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的)terrified(adj.恐惧的，很害怕的)同义：frighten(vt.使惊吓，使惊恐)scare(v.惊吓，使害怕，使恐惧)startle(vt.使惊吓，使大吃一惊)9.“Imnot afraid of

43、 dyingfrom a spiritual point of viewfrom a spiritual point of view,butwhat I was分句一主语和系动词分句一表语状语转折连词 主语从句afraid ofwashow Id go,because Ive watched people diein the作分句二主语系动词表语从句作分句二表语原因状语从句地点状语hospitalfighting forfighting for oxygen and clawing atclawing at their masks,”hesays.(P3S6)动名词短语作 people 的宾语

44、补足语主句主语 主句谓语翻译“从精神层面说，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎样死，因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎，用手猛抓他们的面罩时的情景，”他说。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是 he says。直接引语部分可看做是省略了连接词that 的宾语从句，作says 的宾语，该宾语从句是一个并列句，由but 连接两个独立的句子构成，其中，分句二中包含一个 because 引导的原因状语从句。真题句型直接引语由并列句构成。句型再现“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us allday

45、,”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.斯坦福睡眠研究人员威廉姆迪蒙特博士说，“我们从梦中醒来，或高兴，或沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”(2005 阅读 A text3 para2 s4)from a spiritual point of viewfrom a spiritual point of view 从精神层面上说从精神层面上说fight forfight for 为而挣扎为而挣扎/战斗/竞争；争取；争夺claw atclaw at(用爪子或手指用爪子或手指)抓抓/撕/挠三、语篇结构分析三、语篇结构分析全文翻译全文翻译结

46、构分析结构分析1.表决最终于凌晨 3：45 进行。经过第一段：第一段：介绍澳北州通过安乐死法案，6 个月的争论和最后 16 个小时激烈的国会辩引发了人们的高度关注。论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)成为世界上第句介绍法案通过的时间、过程及一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束结果。其生命的合法当局。这一法案以令人折服句通过介绍加拿大死亡权利组织的 15：10 的投票结果通过。该消息几乎立主席约翰霍夫塞斯的观点，显示全世界对6/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备刻就出现在互联网上，被身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯看到。他便通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：

47、“我们一整天都在发布公告，因为这当然不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情。这也是整个世界历史中的一件大事。”2.(51)要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能需要一段时间。澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都力图从道义和实际意义两方面来考虑这一问题。一些人如释重负，而另一些人，包括教会、生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。(52)但这一潮流已无法逆转。在澳大利亚，老龄化人口、寿命延长技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用，其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倒下。1997

48、Text 1该事件的高度关注。第二段：第二段：指出“安乐死合法化”是不可逆转的趋势。句指出要充分理解这一法案的意义尚需时日。句指出世界上通过类似法案的趋势已经不可逆转。3.根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案，成第三段：第三段：介绍该法案的内容，并指出该年病人可以要求安乐死可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片来结束痛苦。法案对于绝症病人的意义。句介绍该法案规定的安乐死实施不过，病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已到绝症晚期。在经过 7 天的“冷静思考期”方式、目的和步骤。句举例说明此法案对绝症病人的意后，病人方可签署一份申请证明。48 小时后，才可以满足其安乐死的愿望。(53)对于义。居住于达尔文市现年 5

49、4 岁的肺癌患者劳埃德尼克森来说，澳北州晚期病人权利法意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。“从精神层面说，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎样死，因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎，用手猛抓他们面罩时的情景，”他说。答案速查答案速查19971997Text 1Text 151.D52.B53.A54.C7/35考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备1997 Text 2Text 2Text 2题材：文化教育类题材：文化教育类词数：词数：4364361.A report consistently brought back by visitors to

50、 the US is how friendly,courteous,andhelpful most Americans were to them.To be fair,this observation is also frequently made ofCanada and Canadians,and should best be considered North American.There are,of course,exceptions.Small-minded officials,rude waiters,and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly