八年级英语下册单元知识点.pdf

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1、人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳Unit 1 Whats the matter?Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、重点短语归纳1.foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2.have a cold 感冒3.have a stomachache 胃疼4.have a sore back 背疼5.have a sore throat喉咙疼6.have a fever 发烧7.lie down and(have a)rest躺下休息have a rest 休息8.hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9.see a den

2、tist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water 多喝水11.lots of,a lot of 许多；大量 a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.12.have a toothache 牙疼13.Thats a good idea 好主意14.go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early早上床睡觉15.feel well 感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服I dont feel well=I

3、m not feeling well我感觉不舒服.16.start doing/to do sth 开始做某事to do是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情doing 是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17.two days ago 两天前18.get some rest 多休息；休息一会儿19.I think so 我认为是这样20.be thirsty口渴21.be hungry 饥饿22.be stressed out紧张23.listen to music听音乐24.healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25.traditional Chinese do

4、ctors 传统中医26.need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27.too much+不可数名词 太多的much too+形/副 实在太 极其，非常too many+可数名词复数 太多的28.be good for sth./doing sth.对有益，对有好处be bad for sth./doing sth.对有害be good to 对好be good at=do well in

5、在方面好，擅长29.get good grades 取得好成绩30.angry 用法 be angry with sb 生某人的气be angry at/about sth 就某事生气31.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。32.balanced diet 平衡饮食33.get tired 感到疲倦be/get tired34.stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health35.He shouldnt eat anything.=He should eat no

6、thing.他不应当吃任何东西.36.give sb some advice给某人建议 give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night 每晚睡眠八小时 get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠50.take medicine吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒

7、，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构Its+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.1Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子1.Whats the matter?Whats the mater with you?你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with

8、 you?=Whats wrong with you?I have a cold/have a sore back/have a stomachache2.Thats too bad.You should/shouldnt那太糟糕了.你应该/不该You shouldlie down and rest/drink hot tea with honey/see a dentist/see a doctor.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.3.Im not felling well.这里 well 表示身体状况，不能用

9、 good 代替I dont feel well=Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start?About two days ago.什么时候开始的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon.我希望你很快好起来这里 better 是 well 的比较级10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle,and its important to eat a balanced diet.有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。Its easy to do sth.做某事容易/Its im

10、portant to do sth.做某事重要四知识结构1.情态动词 should 的用法should 是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg.You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。-You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。2.maybe 与 may be1.maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如

11、：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。2.may be 中的 may 为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师3.few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系：1.few/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few 表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如：He has few

12、 friends here,he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。2.little/a little 用来修饰不可数名词，little 表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？4.notuntil 直到(否定句)才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didnt leave until we

13、 came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didnt go shopping until/before he got up.until/till直到（肯定句）动词为延续性动词2We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一知识点：短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词

14、和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。2.动词+介词 如：listen to 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3.动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽4.动词+名词(介词)如：take part in 参加 catch hold of 抓住1.cheer(sb.)up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n.打扫2.homeless adj.无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩3.sickadj.生病的作表

15、语、定语illadj.生病的作表语，不能作定语4.volunteer to dov.志愿效劳、主动贡献volunteern.志愿者e up with提出 想出=think up 想出catch up with赶上 追上6.put off doing 推迟做某事put on穿上(指过程)put up张贴7.write down 写下记下8.call up 打电话make a telephone call 打电话10.set up 成立 建立The new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在 2000 年成立的。11.each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个

16、别情况 常与 of 连用every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与 of 连用12.put to use 把 投入使用，利用They put the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用13.help sb.(to)do 帮助某人做某事 help him(to)studyhelp sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 help him with Englishhelp do帮助做某事help study14.plan to do 计划做某事plan+从句I plan to go to Beijing.=I plan(that)I will go to

17、Beijing.我计划去北京。15.spend doing 花费做I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth.花费在I spent 3 years on English.16.join 参加(指参加团体、组织)如：join the Party 入党take part in 参加(指参加活动)如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会17.run out 与 run out ofrun out(become used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。run o

18、ut of 主语为人，表示主动含义。18.take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to 与.相像take after 相像look after 照顾take care of 照顾19.work outv.+adj.结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan.他制订了一个计划。I have worked

19、 out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。21.hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22.be able to do 能 会be unable to do 不能 不会323.thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24.for sure确实如此，毫无疑问You dont have money.Thats for sure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25.fill with

20、使充满用填充She filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗。26.hand out分发hand out bananasgive out 分发give out sth to sb.分.给某人give up doing 放弃give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送 捐赠give away sth.to.give away money to kidsgive sb.sth.给某人某东西give me money 给我钱give sth.to sb.给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线27.help sb.out 帮助做事，解决难题

21、(摆脱困境)I cant work out this math problem.Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28.train n.火车train v.训练train sb.to do.训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。29.at once=right away 立刻 马上 如：Do it at once.马上去做。Ill go there at once/right away.我马上去那里。30.one day 有一天(指将来/过去)some day 有一天(指将来)如：On

22、e day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing.有一天我将去北京。34.disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disable v.不能36.volunteer可数名词“志愿者”adj.自愿的vi.volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese Peoples V olunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你。二句子1.We cant put off making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two week

23、s fromnow.我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementaryschool.她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事

24、了。4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school.这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.几米想出的这个办法很效。7.We need to come up with a plan.我们需要指定一个计划。8.You could help clean

25、up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。9.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who dont have bikes.他现在有 16 辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要词组及短语1.could you please do sth.?你能吗？/请你干好吗？2.do the chores 做杂

26、务3.do the dishes 洗餐具4.sweep the floor 清扫地板5.take out the trash 倒垃圾6.make ones bed 铺床7.fold ones clothes 叠衣服8.clean the living room 清扫客厅9.stay out late 晚归e over 过来11.have a test 考试12.get a ride 搭车13.use ones computer 使用某人的电脑414.hate sth./hate to do sth./hate doing sth.讨厌某事/做某事15.do the laundry=do som

27、e washing=wash clothes 洗衣服 17.wash the car 刷车16.make breakfast/make dinner=do some cooking 做饭18.work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫19.borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物(借入)lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。Can you lend me your bik

28、e?你能借给我你的自行车吗？20.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地invite you to my party21.go to the store 去商店22.agree sb.to do sth.同意某人做某事agree with sb.同意某人的意见disagree sb.to do sth.不同意某人做某事disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见23.take care of=look after 照顾、照看、

29、照料take good care of=look after well 把照管得好26.take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步27.play with sb.和某人玩28.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)（2）关于 to 的短语总结：have to do sth.不得不，必须做某事need to do sth.需要做某事hate to do sth.讨厌做某事like to do sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想做某事love to do sth.热爱做某事forget to do sth

30、.忘记做某事start to do sth.开始做某事begin to do sth.开始做某事ask sb to do sth.请某人做某事二重点句型1.Could you please clean your room?Yes,sure./Sorry,I cant.I have to do my homework first.2.Could I please use the car?Sure./Certainly./Of course./No,you cant.I have to go out.Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?Unit4 Why

31、 dont you talk to your parents?一、重点短语1.have free time 有空闲时间2.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事3.hang out with sb.与某人闲逛4.after-school classes 课外活动课5.get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架6.until midnight 直到半夜7.talk to sb.与某人交谈8.too many 太多9.study too much 学得过多10.get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11.write sb.a letter给某人写信12.

32、call sb.up 打电话给某人13.surprise sb.令某人惊讶14.look through 翻看15.be angry with sb.生某人的气16.a big deal 重要的事17.work out 成功地发展;解决18.get on with和睦相处；关系良:19.fight a lot 经常吵架/打架20.hang over 笼罩21.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事22.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事23.so that 以便24.mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事525.all the time 一直26.in futur

33、e 今后27.make sb.angry 使某人生气28.worry about sth.担心某事29.copy one s homework抄袭某人的作业30.be oneself 做自己31.family members 家庭成员32.spend time alone独自消磨时光33.give sb.pressure 给某人施压34.have a fight with sb.与某人吵架pete with sb.与某人竞争36.free time activities业余活动37.get better grades 取得更好的成绩38.give one s opinion提出某人的观点39.

34、learn exam skills学习应试技巧40.practice sports 体育训练41.cause stress 造成压力42.cut out 删除一.重要词汇和句型1.get(1)买 get sth.for sb.=get sb.sth.为某人买某物Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping?=Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping?(2)得到,到达 Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothome latela

35、stnight.(3)使,让 get+宾语+宾补使某人 某物 怎么样Please get you coat clean.Get your mouth closed.get sb.to do sth.使某人 某物做某事I got him to call Jim yesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得The weather gets warmer and days get longer.Why did the teacher get angry?2.how about what about后跟名词 代词 动词 ing 形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求How about going out for

36、a walk?How about something to eat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法How about the TV play?How about buying the house now?(3)询问天气或身体情况How about the weather in Hainan Island?How about your parents?Are they living with you?(4)谈话中承接上下文Im forty years old.How about you?Im from Beijing.How about you?3.receive 收到The girl was ha

37、ppy to receive many gifts on her birthday.receive a letter from=get a letter from=heard from 收到某人的信Ireceived a letter from my parents last Sunday.=I got a letter from my parents last Sunday.=I heard from my parents last Sunday.accept接受He couldnt accept our suggestions but our gifts.She was very glad

38、 to receive the invitation.He didnt receive a good education at university.I received an invitation to the party,but I refused to accept it.4.a6-year oldchild 一个六岁的孩子6-year old 是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词 child.数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler 一把两米长

39、的尺子aten-story-highbuilding 一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典65.too to 太而不能 too 后跟形容词或副词原形,to 后跟动词原形,构成不定式.句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb.He is too young to join the army(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。The math problem is too difficult for me to workout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too to 可以与enoughto 和so that

40、 转换.与 enoughto 转换 时,enough 前的形容词,副词必须是 too 后面形容词,副词的反义词,并使用其否定句式.She is too young to do the work.=she isnt old enough to do the work.与so that 转换时,that 后面的从句要用否定形式.Tom is too tired to walk any farther.=Tom is so tired that he cant walk any farther.6.cost1)动词,花费 价值(多少钱)How much did it cost?这花了多少钱？I di

41、dnt buy it because it cost too much.我没有买，因为它太贵了。The meal cost us about 100 yuan.这顿饭花费了我大约 100 块 3.7.pay,spend,cost,take的区别pay花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.pay some money for sth.I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week.我上个星期花了 5000 买电脑。Spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spend some moneyonsth.Sb.spend some time(in)doingst

42、h.I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week.She spent 2 hours(in)doing her homework.她花了 2 个小时做作业。cost花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.cost sb.some money.This jacket cost him 200 dollars.这件夹克衫花费她 200 美元。take 花费(时间),主语为 ItIt takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?It took Liu

43、 Hong 2 hours to do her homework.刘红花了 2 个小时做作业。8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.I am very tired.I want to sleep.我很累，想睡觉。sleeping,Sleep 的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”Dont make so much noise.The baby is sleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.I am a little sleepy.Id like to go to bed.我有点困

44、了，我想去床上睡觉了。asleep睡着了的.The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。fallasleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间I couldnt fall asleep until it was very late last night.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。beasleep 表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.He was asleep for three hours.他睡了 3 个小时。9.choose动词,“选

45、择,挑选”,过去式 chose,过去分词 chosenchoose to do sth.选择做某事7We choose Mike as our leader(领导).我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。Will you help me choose a dictionary?你会帮我选一本字典吗？10.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Would you mind opening the window?你介意我把窗户打开吗？(2)形容词,beopen 开着的,开放的On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public.在周末，这个游泳池是对公众

46、开放的。close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的11.ratherthan而不是 后面跟名词,代词,从句The color seems green rather than blue.这种颜色看上去像绿色而不是蓝色。We depend on you rather than on him.我们依赖的是你父亲而不是他。prefer to do sth rather than dosth.宁愿,也不 She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.她宁愿待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。12.instead(

47、1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”I didnt go to the cinema last night，instead,I watched a football match on TV.我昨天晚上没有去看电影，反而是在家里看了场足球赛。(2)位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”I dont like this one,please give me that instead.我不喜欢这件，给我那件吧。insteadof后跟名词,代词,动名词,介词短语.表示“代替,而不是”We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator(电梯).我们不是

48、坐电梯下来，而是走楼梯。13.encourage动词,鼓励,激励encourage sb.to dosth.鼓励某人做某事Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情，14.progress 名词,“进步,进展”make progress“取得进步,取得进展”Tom is now making great progress at school.汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。15.take an interest in(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是take no in

49、terest in(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣Do you take an interest in English?你对英语感兴趣吗？Most children take an interest in playing computer games.大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。21.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友Would you like to make friends with us?你想和我们交朋友吗？Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?Unit5 What were you doing

50、 when the rainstorm came?一、重点短语1.make sure 确信;确认2.beat against.拍打 3.fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着4.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失5.wake up 醒来6.in a mess 一团糟7.break.apart 使分离8.in times of difficulty 在困难的时候9.at the time of 当.时候10.go off(闹钟)发出响声11.take a hot shower 洗热水澡12.miss the bus 错过公交车13.pick up 接电话14.bring.together 使靠