中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习.pdf

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1、中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习 中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项练习“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：1.在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占101 5%,长度一般在130200个单词左右。2.降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。3.针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。“完形填空”有多种形式，但

2、它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空“抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。“完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内

3、在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。“完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做 好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。传统的完形填空（cloze test）通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用“四选一”的方法，将短文补充完整。它属

4、于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空（有多余选项）或根据上下文补全对话（或短文）等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看-一、目标要求完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。二、解题步骤在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1.通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读

5、全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，”链条”从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于”只见树木不见森林”而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档,尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2.综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句

6、中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边,先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。3.复读检验，消除疏漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想,从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。三、实例点

7、拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English.Some ofthese students are children,_ 1 _ students are young people.Why doall these people want to learn_ 2 _?It is not_ 3 _ to answer thisquestion.Many boys and girls learn English at school.It is one of their4

8、 _.Many people learn English because it is_ 5 _ in their work.Some young people learn English_ 6 _ their higher studies becausesome of their books are_ 7 _ English.Other people leam Englishbecause they want to _ 8 _ newspapers in English.Some people learnEnglish because they want to _ 9 _ in the USA

9、,England or Australia.English is very_ 1 0 _ in our life（生活）.1.A.all B.the other C.both D.other2.A.English B.Chinese C.maths D.Japanese3.A.hard B.easy C.good D.nice4.A.books B.classes C.schools D.subjects（科 目）5.A.good B.useful（有用的）C.fine D.pleased6.A.for B.of C.to D.from7.A.in B.with C.at D.of8.A.lo

10、ok B.see C.look at D.read9.A.go B.work C.like D.come10.A.help B.helping C.helps D.helpful答题分三步：第一步：通览全文通过通览全文，便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同，目的各异。第二步：逐项填空本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。1.选 B。some.other（s）.意思是 一些.另一些（泛指）”；some.the other（s）.意思是 一些.另一些（特指）由语境可知,在学英语的学生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。

11、2.选 A。根据上下文可知是English。3.选 B。由文章内容来看，人们学习英语的原因多种多样，因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。4.选 D。由常识可知，English是学生学习的科目(subject)之*O5.选 B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语，那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。6.选 A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。7.选 A。in English是习惯搭配。8.选 D。读报 英语习惯说read newspaperso9.选 B。根据语境及句子结构，有些人学习英语或想出国(goto a country)或想在这些国家

12、工作(work in a country)o10.选 D。末句点题，”英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)%第三步：复读检验将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，如果语句通顺，语意清楚，便结束本题，转做其它试题。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！Have a greatersuccess in the future!（1）根据文意，补全所缺单词，词首字母已给出。Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore,in theplaces where tra

13、ffic is very h and crossing the road is not safe.These bridges can help people cross roads s.Overheadbridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings（斑马线）.They are more efficient（效率高 的），t less convenient（方便的）because people have to climb up a lot of steps.This isinconvenient to the old.W

14、hen people u an overhead bridge,they do not hold up（阻挡）traffic.But when they cross a busy roadusing a zebra crossing,traffic is held up.This is w thegovernment（政府）has built many overhead bridges to help people andk traffic moving at the same time.The government of Singapore has s a lot of moneybuild

15、ing these bridges.For their own safety,people should be advisedto use them instead of rushing across the road.Old people may find ita little d climbing up and down the steps,but it is still muchsafer than walking across the road w all the moving traffic.Overhead bridges are very useful.People,both o

16、ld and young,should always use them.This will stop accidents from h.Key:1.heavy 2.safely（作状语应用副词形式）3.though（此处表让步关系，意 为“虽然”）4.use 5.why（此 处 表 达“这就是.的原因）6.keep7.spent（spend time/money in/on doing sth.意为“花 时间/金钱做某事”，其中in常省略）8.difficult 9.with 10.happening（stop.from doing）意为“阻止/防 止 去做某事”）（2）The populat

17、ion problem may be the one of the worldtoday.The worlds population is growing 2.Twothousand years ago,there were only 250 millionpeople 3 the earth.Four hundred years ago,the numberwas 4 500 million.But at the beginning ofthe 5 century,the worlds population was about 1,700million.In 1970,this number

18、 was 3,600 million.In 1990,the numberwas five billion.A 6 report says that the world populationwill 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century.This is justten 8 after it 9 five billion.People say that by theyear 2010,1 0 may be seven billion.1.A.great B.greater C.greatest D.greating2.A.faster and

19、faster B.fast and fastC.fastest and fastest D.faster and fast3.A.in B.on C.at D.for4.A.nearly B.more C.almost D.over5.A.twenty B.twelve C.twentieth D.twelfth6.A.USAB.UNC.PRCD.PLA7.A.past B.pass C.passed D.passes8.A.weeks B.months C.seasons D.Jyears9.A.get B.gets C.reached D.reach10.A.this B.its C.on

20、e D.itKEY:1.C2.A3.B4.D 5.C6.B7.B 8.D9.C 10.D（3）Fire can help people in many ways.But it can also be very harmful（有害 的）.Fire can keep your house _ 1,give light and cook food.Butfire can bum things _ 2 _.Big fire can burn,trees,houses,animals orpeople.Nobody knows how people began to use fire.But ther

21、e are _ 3interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire.One is4 _ a man.The man _ 5 _ a very long time ago.He went up thesun and _ 6 _ fire down.Today people know how to make a fire with matches（火柴）.Children sometimes _ 7 _ to play with them.But matches can be verydangerous.One matc

22、h can burn a piece of paper,and _ 8 _ it couldburn a house.A small fire can turn a big fire,very quickly.So you9 _ be careful with matches.Be careful with fire,and it will _ 1 0 _ you.But if you aren tcareful with fire,and it may hurt you.1.A.warmB.warmerC.coolD.cooler2.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.neither3

23、.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.no4.A.overB.aboutC.a littleD.no5.A.workedB.studiedC.learnedD.lived6.A.bringB.takeC.broughtD.took7.A.enjoy B.likeC.dont like D.become8.A.afterB.lateC.yetD.then9.A.canB.manC.wiUD.must10.A.helpB.doC.teUD.hopeKev:1.CJ2.C 3.D4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D8.A 9.B10.D(4)English names and Chinese na

24、mes are quite different in some 1_ways,but its not hard for us to know.Unlike Chinese,most English people have 2_names.One is theirfamily name,both of the other names are given names.Their familyname is 3_the given name.They use Mr,Mrs or Miss with the t name,but they never use 5_with the first name

25、.For example,we can 6_aman named James Allan Green Mr Green,7_we cant call him MrJames or Mr Allan.People usually use Jim 8James.Jim is short forJames because its 9_to remember.But Chinese names are the opposite.A girl with the name Han Limei10 her family name Han first.Of course,she can be called A

26、h Mei forshort in China if you wish.1.A.another B.otherC.others D.the others2.A.one B.twoC.three D.four3.A.above B.frontC.back D.behind4.A.last B.givenC.middle D.full5.A.their B.themC.its D.it6.A.ask B.sayC.call D.write7.A.so B.or C.and D.but8.A.instead of B.for long C.so far D.next to9.A.important

27、B.easyC.difficult D.interesting10.A.put B.putting C.puts D.was putKEY:1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C(5)Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the roads.of these people are old people and children.Old people are oftenkilled because they cant see or 2_very well.Children are

28、 killed becausethey are not 3_.They forget to look and listen before they 4_theroads.A car or a bus cant stop 5_.If a car is going very fast,it will travelmany metres 6_it stops.Some people dont always understandthis.They think a car can stop 7_a few metres.It is difficult to 8_howfast a car is movi

29、ng.The only way to cross the roads safely is to look9_ways,right and left.Then if the roads are 10,you can cross them.1.A.Much B.Most C.More 2.A.hear B.tohear C.hearing3.A.care B.carefully C.careful 4.A.across B.come C.cross5.A.fast B.quickly C.quick 6.A.before B.whileC.after7.A.in B.on C.at 8.A.kno

30、w B.lookC.listen9.A.all B.each C.both 10.A.full B.emptyC.busyKEY:1.B2.A3.C4.C 5.B6.A7.A8.A9.C 10.B(6)Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.Yesterdayshe came into the 1_with a big smile on her face.She said to her 2_thatshe was 3_to see they did well in the sports meeting.But 4_

31、was notpleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5_as usual.She hopedthey would clean the classroom every day.Wei Hua was on 6 yesterday.She said everyone was at 7_except L inTao.Then she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall lastSunday.Luckily the weather was 9_.They played games a

32、nd had apicnic there.After Wei Hua 10 her talk,Miss Zhao began her lesson.1.A.shop B.classroomC.park D.office2.A.students B.teachersC.workers D.doctors3.A.angry B.sorryC.glad4.A.sheB.I5.A.dark B.oldC.largeD.clean7.8.9.A.A.A.A.time B.dutyhome B.noonvisit B.musicbad B.fineC.footC.nightC.clockC.rainyD.

33、schoolD.footballD.windyD.sad6.C.weD.heD.top10.A.started B.hadC.finished D.gaveKEY:1.B 2.A 3.C4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.B10.C（7）When you wave（挥手）to a friend,you are using sign language.When you smile at someone,you mean to be 1.When you put onefinger（手指）in front of your 2,you mean Be quiet.Yet,people in

34、different countries may use different sign languages.Once an Englishman was in Italy.He could speak 3 Italian.One day while he was walking in the street,he felt 4 and went intoa restaurant（餐馆）.When the waiter came,the Englishman 5 hismouth,put his fingers into it and took them out again and moved hi

35、slips（嘴唇）.In this way,he 6 to say,Bring me something to eat.But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7.First tea,thencoffee,then milk,but no food.The Englishman was 8 that he wasnot able to tell the waiter he was hungry.He was 9 to leave therestaurant when another man came in and put his hands

36、on hisstomach（肚子）.And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter.Ina few minutes,the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat.At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1.A.niceB.friendlyJC.fineD.well2.A.eyeB.handC.mouthD.arm3.A.a litdeB.fewC.a fewD.a little4.A.hungryB.tiredC.sadD.wor

37、ried5.A.washedB.openedC.closedD.touched6.A.daredB.meantC.hadD.decided7.A.eatB.drinkC.carryD.play8.A.happyB.gladC.sorryD.afraid9.A.quickB.slowC.readyD.quiet10.A.goodB.badC.brightD.wrongKEY:1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BBCCA（8）We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers.Our car wasfull of inside.On th

38、e way home my wife saw a bookshelfoutside a furniture（家具）shop.Buy it,she said at once.Well 2it home on the roof-rack（车顶架）.Ive always wanted one like that.Ten minutes _ 3 _ we were back with the bookshelf.1 droveslowly.Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening.The4 even stopped traffic

39、 to let us through.After a rime my wife said,Theres a long line of cars 5.Whydont they overtake（超车）?”Just at that time a police car did overtake,and two officers insideasked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic.The police carstopped at our village church（教 堂）.One of the officers came to me and

40、 said,Do you need any more now?I didnt quite understand.So I said,Youve been very8.We live just down the road.He was looking at our things,first at the flowers,then at the bookshelf.Well,well,he said and 9,Its a bookshelf youve got here!Wethought it was一 er,something else.My wife began to laugh.Sudd

41、enly I understood 10 the policedrove here.KEY:1-5 BBCBA 6-10 BCAAD1.A.booksB.flowersC.fruitsD.vegetables2.A.takeB.carryC.sendD.hold3.A.beforeB.afterC.laterD.ago4.A.driversB.policeC.cleanersD.sellers5.A.behindB.beforeC.besideD.back6.A.takeB.followC.moveD.drive7.A.timeB.moneyC.helpD.water8.A.kindB.cle

42、verC.politeD.popular9.A.laughedB.criedC.shoutedD.jumped10.A.howB.whatC.whoD.why（9）Sam had a dog,Its name was Tod.it was very helpful,but it atetoo much.So he didnt like it.he wanted to _ 1 Tod.He _ 2 _Tod and put it in a small boat.he rowed（戈（）the boat to the _ 3 _ of abig river.Just as he _ 4 _ the

43、 poor animal into the river,the boatbegan to go down._ 5 _ the man and Tod _ 5 6 _ into the river.Tod was able to swim,_ 7 _ Sam couldnt.The dog bit（咬）therope鼠子）and broke it.it tried its best to swim to _ 8 _ Sam.Theman was saved,so he was vety thankful（感激的）to the dog,he didntwant to kill the dog _

44、9 _.From the on,he gave the dog as _ 10 asit wanted.1.A.sellB.buyC.beatD.kill2.A.tiedB.pulledC.pushedD.closed3.A.front B.footC.sideD.middle4.A.threwB.carriedC.sentD.brought5.A.Neither B.NorC.EachD.Both6.A.fellB.droppedC.lostD.jumped7.A.because B.thoughC.butD.when8.A.kiUB.save none、few、one、something、

45、anything等不定代词时。(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。宜用which而不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中(2)在关系词前有介词时whose作关系词既指人的又指物的，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room whose window faces the river.练习一、用适当的关系代词填空l.Is it the very house _ that/_ you lived in ten years ago?2.The woman who./that _ sits next

46、to the door is my mother.3.1 1 1 never forget the guy who/that _ saved the boy.4.1 t is the house that.which _ I was born in.5.The house _whose roof is broken has been repaired.二、选择填空()1.The money will be used to help the people lost theirhomes in the Tsunami(海 啸).A.who B.whose C.which D.where()2.Th

47、is is the best film has been shown this year.A.who B.that C.which D.when()3.Finally,the thief handed everything he had stolen to thepolice.A.which B.what C.that D.in where()4.Mr.Li told us the stones and writers interested himA.what B.who C.that D.which()5.1 1 1 never forget the summer holidays we s

48、penttogether.A.whenB.in whichC.whichD.how)6Does the teacher know everybodyplanted thetrees?Yes,he does.A.which B.whoseC.whereD.who)7.The letter I received yesterday is very important.A.who B.where C.what D.that()8.1 hate the people don t help others when they arein trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.whe

49、re()9.This is the place I have ever visited.A.there B.when C.where D.which()10.Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to themeeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when()11.The moon is a world there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why()12.He has forgotten the day he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which

50、()13.He still remembers the days he spent with yourfamily.A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich()14.Mr.Wh i t e,c a r had been stolen,came to thepoliceman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which()15.He got to the village his family once livedA.that B.which C.when D.where宾语从句专项练习I.选择正确答案完成下列宾语从句。()1.The children said