考研英语阅读模拟6.pdf

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1、 模拟考研英语阅读模拟908多项选择Potash(the old name for potassium carbonate)is one of the two alkalis(the other being soda,sodium carbonate)that were used from remoteantiquity in the making of glass,and from the early M iddle Ages in themaking of soap：the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkaliand

2、 sand,the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil.Theirimportance in the communities of colonial N orth America need hardly bestressed.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes,butfor glass-or soap making either would do.Soda was obtained largely fromthe ashes of certain M editer

3、ranean sea plants,potash from those of inlandvegetation.Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlersof the N orth American continent.The settlement at Jamestown in V irginia was in many ways amicrocosm of the economy of colonial N orth America,and potash was oneof its first concerns

4、.It was required for the glassworks,the firstfactory in the British colonies,and was produced in sufficient quantityto permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out ofJamestown.The second ship to arrive in the settlement from Englandincluded among its passengers experts in potash mak

5、ing.The method of making potash was simple enough.Logs were piledup and burned in the open,and the ashes collected.The ashes were placedin a barrel with holes in the bottom,and water was poured over them.Thesolution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles.Theresulting mass was furth

6、er heated to fuse the mass into what was calledpotash.In N orth America,potash making quickly became an adjunct tothe clearing of land for agriculture,for it was estimated that as muchas half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash.Some potash was exported from M aine and

7、N ew Hampshire in the seventeenthcentury,but the market turned out to be mainly domestic,consistingmostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies.Fordespite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragementsas a series of acts“to encourage the making of potash,n beginnin

8、g in1707 in South caroliana,the softwoods in the South proved to be poorsources of the substance.注释potassium(化学)钾 alkali(化学)碱microcosm微观世界 barrel圆桶，枪管adjunct附属物 remote久远的antiquity古代；古玩，古物第1题：O n what aspect of potash does this passage mainly focus?A.its componentsB.its importance in the N orth Ameri

9、can coloniesC.how it is madeD.its differences from soda参考答案：B答案解析：B全文的中心句在前文我们曾概括过的常见位置首 段 末 句“Theirimportance in the communities of colonial N orth America need hardly bestressed.本文属于结构清晰的说明文本，大体呈总一一分结构，在简介钾碱(Potash)的制成品及其历史后引出中心句，之后几段则从产地、历史、制作方法、市场等诸方面将其在北美殖民地的作用加以评述。第2题：In the making of potash,a

10、ll of the following are needed E x c e p t.A.waterB.fireC.ironD.wood参考答案：C答案解析：C此题较易，见文章第四段对钾碱制作方法的介绍，木头(log)乃是原材料，利用水将木灰加以溶解，而火则更是两次用到，至于iron则并非材料，只是kettles的质地而已。一般不会混淆。但考生必须做到“题易人易，我不大意。”第3题：Why was potash more familiar to the early European settler of the N orthAmerican continent?A.Because Europe

11、ans were more familiar to potash.B.Because there was a series of acts“to encourage the making ofpotash.”C.Because they didn，t like the taste of soda.D.Because of the geological circumstances there.参考答案：D答案解析：D 细节题，详阅第二段，苏打主要是产自某些地中海(M editerranean)地区海生植物的灰烬中，而钾碱则可得自内陆植物，因而北美的自然地理条件而不是其他因素决定了早期殖民对于易于

12、获取原料的钾碱更为重要，而对原料难寻的苏打备感生疏。A 项中错误认为欧洲人均对potash更为熟悉,B 项则因果倒置,C 项纯属干扰项。第 4 题：According to this passage,which of the following is N O T true?A.The invention of glass is earlier than that of soap.B.The colonial N orth America had a large abroad potish market.C.Potash making made the clearing of land for

13、agriculture lucrativeto some extent.D.All of the colonial N orth America did not have a capability toproduce a sufficient quantity of potash.参考答案：B答案解析：B 细节题，难度较大。A 项，由于玻璃制造始于remote antiquity,而肥皂业则是中世纪早期才开始的，因而前者历史更为悠久；C 项，最后一段第一句话讲到借助于钾碱制造可以使农业中清理土地的费用节省至少一半；因而从某种意义而言有利可图了(to some extent lucrative)

14、；D 项的关键在于“all.not.n的理解，意 指“并非整个北美殖民地都拥有大量生产钾碱的能力”；B 项错在与文 末 的“but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.(Line 4 Para 5)相矛盾，由于木质偏软，南部殖民地不具生产能力。第 5 题：The word“adjunct“in the first line of the last paragraph is closest inmeaning to_.A.additionB.activationC.alternationD.association参考答案：A答案解析：A adj

15、unct是“附加品，附属物，附件”的意思，根据上下文不难判断出“钾碱制造”与“清理土地”间的关系，从而不难选出A。Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoescalled afootwear for yuppies”.They contend that Reebok shoes appeal todiverse market segments,especially now that the company offersbasketball and children，s shoes for the under

16、-18 set and walking shoesfor older customers not interested in aerobics or running.The executivesalso point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hikingboots,dress and casual shoes,and high-performance athletic footwear totheir product lines,all of which should attract new and varied

17、groupsof customers.Still,despite its emphasis on new markets,Reebok plans fewchanges in the up-market(高档消费人群的)retailing network that helped push sales to$1billion annually,ahead of all other sports shoe marketers.Reebok shoes,which are priced from$27 to$85,will continue to be sold only in betterspec

18、ialty,sporting goods,and department stores,in accordance with thecompany，s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the qualityof its distribution.In the past few years,the M assachusetts-based company hasimposed limits on the number of its distributors(and the number of shoessupplied t

19、o stores),partly out of necessity.At times the unexpecteddemand for Reebok，s exceeded supply,and the company could barely keepup with orders from the dealers it already had.These fulfillment problemsseem to be under control now,but the company is still selective aboutits distributors.At present,Reeb

20、ok shoes are available in about fivethousand retail stores in the U nited States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be thenext fitness-related craze,replacing aerobics shoes the same way itsbrightly colored,soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventionalrunning shoes.Through

21、 product diversification and careful marketresearch,Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems N ike cameacross several years ago,when N ike misjudged the strength of the aerobicsshoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoesthrough discount stores.(331)1.Reebok锐步国际公司，是一家

22、国际大型体育用品公司2.stylish n.漂亮的,流行的3.footwear for yuppies雅皮士们穿的鞋子。雅皮士是美国城市职业阶层中的年轻人士，这个词由Young U rban Professional首字母缩拼加词尾而成。4.appeal to投合.的心意；引起.的兴趣5.aerobics n.有氧运动法，增氧健身法，多指跑步、游泳等增强心肺循环功能的运动6.hiking boots 旅游鞋7.specialty n.特制品8.to impose limits on sth.限制.a第6题：O ne reason why Reebok，s managerial personne

23、l don，t like their shoes tobe called footwear for yuppies”is thatA.they believe that their shoes are popular with people of differentage groups.B.new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoes.C.”yuppies”usually evokes a negative image.D.the term makes people think of prohibitive

24、prices.参考答案：A答案解析：A 事实辨认题。题意是:Reebok经理层不喜欢他们的鞋被称作雅皮士的鞋的一个原因是什么。文章第一段第二句说：“他们争辩道，Reebok的鞋适合于不同的消费者，尤其是现代公司生产出篮球鞋和适合于1 8 岁以下孩子穿的鞋以及适合于对健身操和跑步不感兴趣的老年人的散步鞋。”故本题选A。B 项侧重公司的生产策略，故不妥。第 7 题：Reeboks view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the qualityof its distribution”(Line 5,Para.2)implies th

25、atA.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of thestore selling it.B.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributors.C.the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell it.D.consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by highquality st

26、ores.参考答案：D答案解析：D 推断题。题意是:Reebok认为“消费者根据销售商的档次来判断品牌的质量”是什么意思。回答依据第二段最后一句话：“Reebok鞋将继续在上档次的专卖店、体育用品店及百货公司销售，因为公司认为顾客会根据销售商的档次来判断某种品牌商品的质量。”故本题选D。第 8 题：Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors becauseA.its supply of products fell short of demand.B.too many distributors would cut into it

27、s profits.C.the reduction of distributors could increase its share of themarket.D.it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products.参考答案：A答案解析：A 推断题。题意是:Reebok曾经不得不限制其分销商的数量是因为什么。正确回答本题的依据在第三段的前两句话：“在过去的几年中，设在麻省的公司总部对其分销商的数量采取了限制措施(另外对提供给商店的鞋的数量也进行了限制），这其中部分是因为需要的缘故。有时，对 Reebok鞋出乎意料的需求会超过市场的供

28、应，公司几乎满足不了原有分销商的订单要求。”据此，我 们 可 知 A是本题的正确答案。第 9 题：Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling itsorders,itA.does not want to further expand its retailing network.B.still limits the number of shoes supplied to stores.C.is still particular about who sells its products.D.still caref

29、ully chooses the manufacturers of its products.参考答案：C答案解析：C 推断题。题 意 是“虽 然 Reebok公司已经解决了供不应求的问题，但是仍然怎么样”。文章第三段谈到公司仍然严格挑选着他们的分销商，因此正好与答案C 吻合。题干中的although与短文第三段倒数第二句的but相呼应。选 项 C 中的 is particular about 与原文第三段中的 is still selective about 意思相同，都 意 为“挑剔的”。第 10题:What lesson has Reebok learned from N ike，s d

30、istribution problems?A.A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.D.A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze onthe market.参考答案：D答案解析：D 推断题。题意是:R

31、eebok公司从N ike的分销问题上得到了什么教训。文章最后一段的后半部分指出：通过产品多样化和市场调查，Reebok希 望 避 免 N ike公司几年以前出现的情况，当时N ike公司错误判断了健身鞋销售的狂热而导致最后不得不通过打折店来处理跑步鞋的大量存货。因此从N ike鞋的分销问题上可看出一个公司应该正确估计流行热点对市场的影响力。答案为DoThe most easily recognizable meteorites are the iron variety,althoughthey only represent about 5 percent of all meteorite f

32、alls.They arecomposed of iron and nickel along with sulfur,carbon,and traces of otherelements.Their composition is thought to be similar to that of Earth，siron core,and indeed they might have once made up the core of a largeplanetoid that disintegrated long ago.Due to their dense structure,ironmeteo

33、rites have the best chance of surviving an impact,and most are foundby farmers plowing their fields.O ne of the best hunting grounds for meteorites is on the glaciersof Antarctica,where the dark stones stand out in stark contrast to thewhite snow and ice.When meteorites fall on the continent,they ar

34、eembedded in the moving ice sheets.At places where the glaciers move upwardagainst mountain ranges,meteorites are left exposed on the surface.Someof the meteorites that have landed in Antarctica are believed to have comefrom the M oon and even as far away as M ars,when large impacts blastedout chunk

35、s of material and hurled them toward Earth.Perhaps the world，s largest source of meteorites is theN ull arbor Plain,an area of limestone that stretches for 400 miles alongthe southern coast of Western and South Australia.The pale,smooth desertplain provides a perfect backdrop for spotting meteorites

36、,which areusually dark brown of black.Since very little erosion takes place,themeteorites are well preserved and are found just where they landed.O ver1,000 fragments from 150 meteorites that fell during the last 20000 yearshave been recovered.O ne large iron meteorite,called the M undrabillameteori

37、te,weighed more than 11 tons.Stony meteorites,called chondrites,are the most common typeand make up more than 90 percent of all falls.But because they are similarto Earth materials and therefore erode easily,they are often difficultto find.Among the most ancient bodies in the solar system are thecar

38、bonaceous chondrites that also contain carbon compounds that mighthave been the precursors of life on Earth.注释recognizable可辨认的nickel 银planetoid小行星glacier 冰川blast吹；摧毁hurl投，掷backdrop 背景erode侵蚀，腐蚀carbonaceous碳的；含碳的precursor先驱；前兆；前辈meteorite陨石；流星sulfur硫磺disintegrate 风化；瓦解embed埋入，嵌于chunk厚木头；矮胖之人limestone

39、石灰石erosion侵蚀；腐蚀solar太阳的compound使混合；增加a第11题:what is the main point of this passage?A.The precursors of life on Earth.B.Finding meteorites on Earth，s surface.C.The mysterious Antarctica and the N ullarbor Plain.D.The composition of M eteorites.参考答案：B答案解析：B 考查主题，本文先讲到铁质陨石的有关情况，然后在二、三段分别论及地球上探研（铁质）陨石的两大

40、理想去处一一南极洲与澳大利亚N ullarbor平原，最后提及石质陨石特质及其在生命起源研究中的意义。综观全文，可 见 B 项精确地点出了文章主旨。第 12题：U nderlined in the second line,second paragraph,the word stark”can bestbe replaced by.A.vividB.meaningfulC.interestingD.vague参考答案：A答案解析：A stark 指 clearly obvious to the eye or the mind,指“显而易见，鲜明的，明摆着的，与 vivid最为接近。in star

41、k contrast为固定搭配“成鲜明对比”.这里指黝黑的陨石与白色的冰川、雪堆构成的对比，拥有一定词汇量并结合上下文则不难选出。第 13题:According to the passage,which of the following is TRU E?A.Chondrites are less likely to be discovered than iron meteorites.B.The M undrabilla meteorite is the heaviest meteorite ever fallen tothe Earth.C.M aybe the world，s large

42、st source of meteorites is the N ullarborPlain,Antarctic.D.The iron variety are most easily recognizable meteorites becausethey make up the largest part of all falls.参考答案：A答案解析：A 细节题较难，A 项正确,见最后一段But because they are similiar to Earthmaterials and therefore erode easily,they are often difficult to f

43、ind.”而文章开门见山即指出铁质陨石虽仅占陨石总量约5%,都 是 the most easilyrecognizable meteorites,”据此也不难排除D,B项，文中从未提及M undrabilla是世界上现存最重的陨石。C 项则错在最后一词Antarctic上。因而做细节题须倍加细心！第 14题：Why does the author mention carbonaceous chondrites(Line 4,Para 4)?A.They are most likely to be found whole.B.They come from outer space,even out

44、 of the solar systerm.C.They maybe related to the origins of life on Earth.D.They might have made up the core of a planetoid.参考答案：C答案解析：C 见文章最后一句话:Among the most ancient bodies。that might have beenthe precursors of life on Earth.precursor 指“前驱、先驱、前辈”，依构词法pre-及关键词life on Earth不难选出正确答案。第15题：According

45、to the passage,which of the following is N O T mentioned to beresponsible for the poor perservation of meteorites that fall to Earth?A.ErosionB.ImpactC.Sunk into seaD.Temperature参考答案：D答案解析：D细节题，较难。A项erosion实为陨石得以保存之最大敌人，绝大部分石质陨石因为腐蚀难以找寻（最后一段）；B项（撞击）见第一段第6行“have the bestchance of surviving an impact”

46、若碎块太小则不易发现;C项最具干扰性，事实上，降落到地球表面的绝大多数陨石均降入海洋（因为其面积的巨大优势，在文中第三段南极洲一节也有过微弱暗示：“When meteorites fall on thecontinent.；D项“温度”全文未有提及。By the mid-nineteenth century,the term“icebox“had entered theAmerican language,but ice was still only beginning to affect the dietof ordinary citizens in the U nited States.Th

47、e ice trade grew with thegrowth of cities.Ice was used in hotels,taverns,and hospitals,and bysome forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat,fresh fish,and butter.After the Civil War（1861-1865）,as ice was used to refrigerate freightcars,it also came into household use.Even before 1880,half the ice s

48、oldin N ew York,Philadelphia,and Baltimore,and one-third of that sold inBoston and Chicago,went to families for their own use.This had becomepossible because a new household convenience,the icebox,a precursor ofthe modern refrigerator,had been invented.M aking an efficient icebox was not as easy as

49、we might nowsuppose.In the early nineteenth century,the knowledge of the physicsof heat,which was essential to a science of refrigeration,wasrudimentary.The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one thatprevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken,for it was themelting of the ice that

50、 performed the cooling.N evertheless,early effortsto economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets,which kept theice from doing its job.N ot until near the end of the nineteenth centurydid inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulationneeded for an efficient icebox.But as