2023年高考英语二轮复习：语法填空解题技巧讲义.pdf

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1、2023年高考英语二轮复习：语法填空解题技巧讲义【一、考点分析】语法填空共10个空，每 个1.5分，共15分。主要分成有提示词和没有提示词的考查方式。有提示词的题一般考点为：1.动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语)2 .形容词和副词(比较级或者最高级)，形容词、副词、动词、名词等同源词性的转化。3.名词的单复数没有提示词的一般考点：1.语法词：1)介词，短语如be good at2)连词，并 列 连 词and,but,so,or,f o r,从属连词(定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句的连接词，如that,which)3)强调句结构中的that和who2 .语境词-一 通过上下文才能填出来的词1)冠

2、词 a,an,the2)代词：不定代词，人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词【二、知识框架】高考英语发生了改革：将原来的语法单选题改为10道语法选择题，总 分 值15分不变。我们今天一起来看一看语法填空到底有多难。在改革之前，全国高考中只有广东卷考查语法填空。(-)有提示词的情况：1.动词(1)首先判断该动词在句中充当谓语还是非谓语。空格前如果是比较复杂动名词、不定式或者主语从句，要注意主谓一致，此外要根据上下文判断句子的时态和语态。(DChi na(spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years.(2)As the pro

3、gram shows,working with the family,rather than bypassing theparents,(be)the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start inlife.Cupboards in her k i t c h e n(f i l l )with things that she didnt need at a ll.The food in the c a m p(lo o k)s im p le,b u t tasted good.(2)如

4、果句子不缺谓语，而所给词又是动词，如果能排除是词形转换题的话，那么这个空一定是非谓语动词。要清楚的知道非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词以及他们的被动式和完成式等。同时要记住动词不定式在句子中可以充当除了谓语之外的所有句子成分，多数情况下，动词不定式表示动作还未发生；动名词可以在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词和过去分词做定语、状语、补语和表语。同时，现在分词通常表示动作正在进行，和逻辑主语是主谓关系，而过去分词表示动作已完成或者和逻辑主语是动宾关系。There are many positive d ev elo p m en ts(asso ciate)with

5、the internetHe placed the b o x e s(f i l l )with toys into the basement.The Chinese scientist Tu You you also discovered artemisinin(青 蒿 素),a drug sharply reducedthe death rates for p a ti e n t s(s u f f e r )from malaria(疟疾).C a mp b e l l(bear)in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize

6、for a new drug,which has helped the battle against river blindness,as well as showing powerful effect against otherdiseases.(3)基本知识掌握后，还要关注上下文中提供的关键词来判断是哪种非谓语动词形式，比如watch,see,notice,hear等词，那么有doing和d o两种情况，现在分词和过去分词的判定比不定式和动名词要难，但是，只要记住固定句式结构之外就是要找准动词和逻辑主语之间的关系，尤其是主句之前或者之后出现了逗号这种情况，尤其要引起注意。如She let

7、me choose my sleep medicine,(make)sure that I was okay.(2)As we started to go out,I turned around and saw them a l l(wa t c h )us.Another tradition is to have their p h o t o g r a p h s(take).(4)词性及词形变化The cards often included a n(i n v i t e )to the ceremony.2.形容词和副词第一，要确切的知道，形容词在句子中充当的句子成分和所处位置。a

8、.形容词可以放在名词前面做定语；b.形容词可以在系动词后面作表语；c.形容词可以放在宾语后做宾语补足语。副词在句子中所充当的句子成分和所处的位置。a.副词放在动词的前后做动词状语；b.副词放在形容词前做形容词的状语；c.副词放在副词前面做状语。His teacher took a deep drink,s mi l e d(w a r m),and thanked his student very much fbrthe sweet water.The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin(青 蒿 素),a drug(s

9、harp)reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria(疟疾).第二，要明确形容词和副词之间的词性和词形转换。根据前文，学生能够判断句子却的是形容词还是副词之后，根据上下文逻辑结构和句子意思，通过加减前后缀的办法把题目做正确。His teacher took a deep drink,s mi l e d(wa r m),and thanked his student very muchfbr the sweet water.We drank together and t a l k e d(me r r y)till

10、far into the night.There was so muc h(wa r m)in each hug.She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebodys child go to college gave her much_(please).A government study has found that South Korea children are the least happy compared tochildren in 2 9 other developed countries.Many South

11、Korean kids owe thisunhappiness(happy)to the educational pressure.Do not cany too much money or(necessary)credit cards.第三，注意形容词和副词的比较级别，同级比较用asas和not so.as，其中要加形容词副词的原级。用形容词和副词取决于前面的动词是系动词还是实意动词；比较级有比较连词than或者根据上下文判断有隐性的比较；最高级前面有标志性的词th e或者修饰比较级常用词much/even/far/by far/a bit/a little/a lot/a great de

12、al/no/或序数词。A government study has found that South Korea children are the(little)happycompared to children in 2 9 other developed countries.People in Northern Europe are much(luck).(3)Cook is a lot(easy)for us than most of us think.3.名词名词在语法填空中出现的几率比较低，但是名词却是做自由填空的一个非常重要的参照物。名词在提示性填空部分，最可能出现的题就是动词转化

13、成名词这种形式。但必须明确名词的特点。单数可数名词前面必须有三类修饰限定词：a.必须有a/an,the；b.必须有形容词性的物主代词；c.必须有指示代词this或者that以及不定代词。三者是必有其一，互不兼容。不可数名词最显著的特点就是不能与a/an连用，但是英语中要注意一词多义的情况。These t wo(d i s c o v e r)provide humankind with a new way to fight these diseasethat affect hundreds of millions of people annually.The cards often inclu

14、ded an(invite)to the ceremony.M y(a p p o i n t)w a s at five and I still had twenty minutes.Dont wait for a n(a p o l o g i z e ).(二)无提示词的情况L介词介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。介词最大的特点可以和动词、形容词等构成固定短语，通常都是介词在后，再就是和名词构成固定短语，尤其是要注意是否加冠词的情况。同时，要清楚介词后通常都是加名词、代词(宾格、名词性物主代词、反身代词)、动名词和宾语从句等。.The y

15、oung man went home a happy heart.When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents werealready table having supper.I cried a loud voice,which made several people stare at me.The imaginary character does not only appeal females.Finally,try to see things the other person

16、s perspective(观点,视角).2.连词连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛，主要区分开两大部分，即并列句和复合句。这是做连词题的关键。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句:并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。包括表转折的连词but,while,yet；表并列的连词and,or；表因果的连词because,so等等。He was very tired after doing this for a whole d a y,h e felt very happy since

17、the cropdid“grow”higher.I dont remember what I told him that night,I do remember I heard Tomapologizing to Dad for burning the toast.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,some of them looked veryanxious.从属复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。所不同与并列句的是复合句主从句关系密切从句须由一个关

18、联词(connective有时可以省略)引导。When I turned around,1 saw a red car like my own come out of the street I parked.Campbell born in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for a new d r u g,h a shelped the battle against river blindness,as well as showing powerful effect against other diseases.If you

19、miss this chance,it may be years you get another one.The next day,my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people playvolleyball.Reading her biography,1 was lost in admiration for Doris had achieved inliterature.3.冠词冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起，根据上下文进行判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词，还要注意首字母是元音还是辅音因素 如 an hour/an honor/an

20、 honest man。含有冠词的固定搭配 如 allof a sudden,in a hurry,take an interest in,have a good knowledge of,have a good understanding ofThe prize winning is honor for Chinas science cause and traditional Chinesemedicine.Today the internet is playing important and essential role in our life.Make sure that as you

21、read,you make quick note of what happens in each chapter.A government study has found that South Korea children are least happy compared tochildren in 2 9 other developed countries.You are mistaken if you think all Chinese people speak in same way.4.代词在语法填空里，考查比较多的有物主代词(形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词)和不定代词，反身代词。H

22、ongbao seems to be on everyones lips these days,origins are rooted in history.In fact,micro blog(oneself)is of little harm.5.特殊句式：倒装句；强调句；省略句；感叹句;祈使句及固定句型的考查。It is your attitude towards it matters.strange a plant!(call)me tomorrow and Ell let you know the lab result.Only when the war was over the yo

23、ung soldier return to his hometown.(5).It has bee five years I came to Canada to study English.6.上下文逻辑For one thing,it can provide a colorful platform to shoe their talent.For,i t is auseful way to release their pressure【三、典例分析 跟踪练习】A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring o

24、f clear water.31 water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to anelder 32 had been his teacher.After a four-day journey,the young man 33(present)the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 34(warm),and thanked hisstudent very much for the sweet

25、 water.The young man went home 35 a happy heart.After the student left,the teacher let 36 student taste the water.He spit it out,37(say)it was awful.Apparently,it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.He asked his teacher,uSir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like 38?”Th

26、eteacher replied,uYou tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container fbr anact of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39(sweet).We understand this lesson best 40 we received gifts of love from children.Whether it is acheap pipe or a diamond necklace,the proper response is appre

27、ciation.We love the idea within thegift rather than the thing.高三语法填空特训A(2016全国卷1)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But fbrtourists like me,pandas are its t op61(attract).So it was a great honour to be invitedbackstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,

28、where ticket money helps pay for research,I 62(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow,I will betheir UK ambassador.The title will be 63(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.Butmy connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-198

29、0s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66(permit)to film a special unit caringfor pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include67(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a researchin the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent

30、 visit,I help a lively three-month-old twin thathad been rejected by 68(it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few69(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,70 other is withmum-she never suspects.B(2016全国卷2)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a s

31、tep back and identify(识另ij)thoseof 41(great)and less importance.Then,handle the most important tasks first so youll feela real sense of 42(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomon*ow 43(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the

32、 day.So,getan early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch.This will give you theconfidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 46(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks47(regular).Give your body an

33、d brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while,exercising,or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely 49(bring)your work home.It could be anything-gardening,cooking,music,sports一but whatever it is,50(make)sure its a relief from daily s

34、tress rather than another thing to worry about.C(2016年全国卷3)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made ofplastic,animal bone or met

35、al.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might42(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combinevarious hardwoods and metal 43(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in

36、largepots,44(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,45 the population grew,peoplebegan cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46(gradual)turned intochopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47

37、lived from roughly 551 to 479B.C.,influenced the 48(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remindpeople of killings and 49(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat50 their hands.D(2017全国卷1)There h

38、as been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.Thistrend,which was started by the medical community(医 学 界)61 a method of fighting heartdisease,has had some unintended side 62(effect)such as overweight and heart disease一thevery thing the medical community w

39、as trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for severalother bodily functions.When fat and salt 64(remove)from food,the food tastes as if ismissing something.As 65 result,people will eat more food to

40、try to make up for thatsomething missing.Even 66(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fastfood 67(be)full of fat and salt;by 68(eat)more fast food people will get more saltand fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge tosnack(吃点心)b

41、etween meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 69(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70 is not goodfor the health.E(2017全国卷2)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilome

42、ters and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,63(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.When all those had been done

43、,the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65(use)to pull the carriages and it must havebeen 66(fair)unpleasant fbr the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.Later,engin

44、eers 68(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known to the tube.This developmentwas only possible with the 69(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.Thecentral London Railway was one of the most 70(success)of these new lines,and wasopened in 1900.It had w

45、hite-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremelypopular with the public.F（2017年全国卷3）She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward tochallenge of her new A-level course.But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spendinghalf

46、-term 61(rest).Instead,she is earning$6500 a day as 62 model in NewYork.Sarah 63(tell)that she could be Britain?s new supermodel earning a milliondollars in the new year.Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model full time But Sarah,64 has taken part in shows along with top models want

47、s 65(prove)that she hasbrains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 66(educate).She hasturned down several 67(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studiesAfter school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree68

48、 engineering or architecture.Sarah says,My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 69 (come)first.I dont want to get too absorbed inmodeling.It is 70(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to havenothing else to fell back on when I cant model my more.G(2

49、018年全国卷1)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 61(long)than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 62(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63(die)early by running.While runningregularly cant make you live

50、 forever,the review says it 64(be)more effective atlengthening life 65 walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review alsomade a study published in 2014 _66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of runningreduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best e