药学英语药学英语 (15).ppt

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1、 Unit SixBiopharmaceutics 生物药剂学生物药剂学 Part twovThe drug concentration in blood plasma depends on numerous factors including the dose that enters the systemic circulation,the rate at which this occurs,the rate and extent of drug distribution between the systemic circulation and tissues and other fluid

2、s,and the rate of elimination from the body.v血浆中的药物浓度取决于多种因素，包括进入体循环的剂量和速率，药物在体循环、组织和其他体液之间的分配速率和程度，以及排出体外的速率。vApart from the intravenous ntrvins 静脉的 route of administration,where a drug is introduced directly into the blood circulation,all other routes of administration involve the absorption of dr

3、ug from the site of administration into the blood circulation.v除静脉注射途径给药药物可以直接进入血液循环，其他全身给药途径均涉及药物从给药部位吸收入血的过程。vDrugs must be absorbed in a sufficient quantity and at a sufficient rate to achieve a certain blood plasma concentration which,in turn,will produce an appropriate concentration of drug at

4、its site(s)of action to elicit 引 出 the desired therapeutic response.v药物必须以足够的剂量和足够的速率被吸收，以达到一定的血浆浓度，进而使药物在作用位点达到适当的浓度以实现预期的治疗效果。vThere are two aspects of drug absorption which are important in clinical practice,namely,the rate and the extent to which the administered dose is absorbed.vSimply because

5、 a certain dose of a drug is administered to a patient,there is no guarantee(except for intravenous administration)that all of that dose will reach the systemic circulation.v药物吸收在临床实践中具有两方面的重要意义，即所给予药物被机体吸收的速率和程度。v仅给予患者一定剂量的药物，并不能确保(除了静脉给药)所有药物都进入体循环。vThe fraction of an administered dose of drug tha

6、t reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged form is known as the bioavailable dose.vThe relative amount of an administered dose of a particular drug which reaches the systemic circulation intact and the rate at which this occurs is known as the bioavailability of that drug.v以原形药物进入体循环的药物的剂量被称为生物

7、可利用的剂量。v药物的生物利用度被定义为该种药物以原形进入体循环的相对量及速率。vBioavailability is thus concerned with the quantity and the rate at which the intact form of a particular drug appears in the systemic circulation following administration of that drug.vThe bioavailability exhibited zbtd 表现 by a drug is thus very important in determining whether a therapeutically effective concentration is achieved at the site(s)of action of the drug.v生物利用度与给药后以药物原形进人体循环的药物的剂量和速率相关。v因此，药物的生物利用度是确保药物在作用位点是否达到治疗有效浓度的重要因素。