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1、名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句Noun ClausesNoun ClausesWarm-upThe structure of the sentence Lily,my sister,is a good girl,and she likes music.Conclude:A noun can be a subject,object,predictive and apposition of a sentence.SAVVSOP引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:可分为三类:1.连词连词 that,whether,if 不充当从不充当从句的任何成分)句的任何成分)只起连
2、接作用只起连接作用that引导名词性从句时,无意义引导名词性从句时,无意义,有时可有时可省省,引导一般陈述句。引导一般陈述句。whether,if等等引导名词性从句时,有意引导名词性从句时,有意义义,表表“是否是否”,引导一般疑问句引导一般疑问句.2.连接代词连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的不仅起到连接一个句子的作用,同时也作用,同时也充当从句的充当从句的主主.宾宾.表表.定语定语成分成分。3.连接副词连接副词:when,where,how,why做状语。做状语。名词性从句的引导词:名词性从句的引导词:1.连
3、接词连接词:that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意无意义义2.连接代词连接代词:who、whom、whose、what、which3.连接副词:连接副词:when、where、why、how“是是否否”作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表/定定主语从句主语从句有时候为了平衡句子结构,有时候为了平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,或者是为了避免头重脚轻,或者是为了强调,常用强调,常用it来做来做形式主语形式主语,把把that引导的主语从句放到引导的主语从句放到后面。后面。1.It is/was+adj.+that 从句从句注:注:It is/was necessary/vital/importa
4、nt/natural+that从句中从句中的谓语常用的谓语常用(should)do(常考点常考点)2.It is/was+-ed+that从句从句注:注:It is/was suggested/ordered/demanded+that 从句中谓语常用从句中谓语常用(should)do.(因为其动词都是表(因为其动词都是表示示“建议,命令,要求,主张等建议,命令,要求,主张等”)3.It+特殊动词特殊动词+that从从句句1)It seems that.2)It happens that.(碰巧碰巧)It happens that we all like physics,so we alway
5、s have much to talk with each other.碰巧我们都喜欢物理,所以我们常相互有许碰巧我们都喜欢物理,所以我们常相互有许多话谈。多话谈。It doesnt happen that.=It happens.not.(碰巧不(碰巧不)It happened that he was not in yesterday.=It didnt happen that he was in yesterday.碰巧他昨天不在家。碰巧他昨天不在家。3)It occurred to sb.that.(某人突然想到某人突然想到)It never occurred to sb.that.(某
6、人从来(某人从来没有想到没有想到)4)It turned out that.(结果是(结果是)It turned out that my answer was wrong.=My answer turned out(to be)wrong.5)How does/did it come about that.?(是怎么回事?)是怎么回事?)I want to know how it comes about that you often come late.我想知道你常迟到是怎么回事。我想知道你常迟到是怎么回事。4.Its said/reported/consideredthat从句(据从句(据说
7、说/据报道据报道/据认为据认为)a.据说他是个好医生。据说他是个好医生。It is said that he is a good doctor.He is said to be a good doctor.b.据说他们正在国外踢球。据说他们正在国外踢球。It is said that they are playing football in a foreign country.They are said to be playing football in a foreign country.c.据认为那本书翻译成了英语。据认为那本书翻译成了英语。It is considered that th
8、e book has been put into English.The book is considered to have been put into English.以上句子的考点在以上句子的考点在绿色部分绿色部分的变体:的变体:主要考句中动词不定式的形式(一主要考句中动词不定式的形式(一般式、进行式和完成式等)般式、进行式和完成式等),如果如果是是一般性的就用一般式,正在进行一般性的就用一般式,正在进行就用进行式、已经完成就用完成式。就用进行式、已经完成就用完成式。复合复合句中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句句中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句宾语宾语从句从句在
9、句中充当宾语成分(在句中充当宾语成分(可以作可以作谓谓语动词、介词、形容词语动词、介词、形容词等的宾语)等的宾语)注意注意 1.动词动词find(发现、觉得),发现、觉得),feel(感觉、觉得),(感觉、觉得),consider(认为)、(认为)、think(认为),(认为),make(使得),(使得),believe(相信)(相信)等后面等后面有宾语补足语时,有宾语补足语时,it作形式作形式宾语,宾语,that从句放在后面。从句放在后面。a.We find it hard that we must finish the work in three days.我们发现我们必须在三天内完成工我
10、们发现我们必须在三天内完成工作难。作难。b.Please make it clear to everyone that they are innocent.必须让人人都清楚他们是清白的。必须让人人都清楚他们是清白的。2.动词动词+介词短语后面跟宾语从句时必介词短语后面跟宾语从句时必须说成:须说成:动词动词+介词介词+it+that从句从句常见短语有:常见短语有:see to(确保,保证确保,保证),insist on(坚持坚持),depend on rely on,count on(指望指望)请确保你作文写得好。请确保你作文写得好。Please see to it that your comp
11、osition is well written.3.介词后面一般不能跟介词后面一般不能跟that从句,但从句,但是是in that(由于(由于/因为因为/在于)在于)except/but/besides that(除除之外)之外)是例外是例外He works hard in that he wants to go to a good college.他刻苦学习因为他想上一所好大学。他刻苦学习因为他想上一所好大学。He stood there still except that his lip moved.他除了嘴唇在动,一动不动地站在那他除了嘴唇在动,一动不动地站在那里。里。4.宾语从句中宾语
12、从句中否定的转移否定的转移:当主句:当主句的的主语是第一人称主语是第一人称,谓语是,谓语是think,believe,suppose等表示等表示“意念,意念,信念,揣测信念,揣测”的动词的动词时,宾语从句时,宾语从句的否定要提到主句上来,的否定要提到主句上来,反义疑问反义疑问句句则要根据则要根据宾语从句的主谓宾语从句的主谓进行变进行变化。化。5.宾语从句中的时态:宾语从句中的时态:当主句的谓语是当主句的谓语是一般现在时一般现在时的时候,的时候,宾语从句的谓语用各种宾语从句的谓语用各种所需要的时态所需要的时态。当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时态一般过去时态时时,宾语从句的谓语动词必
13、须用宾语从句的谓语动词必须用过去时态的某一种过去时态的某一种形式形式。但是:即使主句的但是:即使主句的谓语是一般过去时谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句如果是表示宾语从句如果是表示客观真理性的,格言,谚客观真理性的,格言,谚语语类时,类时,其谓语动词仍然要用其谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时一般现在时。引导宾语从句的连词主要有引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1.that 在以下情况不省略在以下情况不省略:由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.Make,find,feel,consider等这些词等这些词的后面用的后面用it作形式宾语
14、作形式宾语时,时,that不省不省略。略。介词后介词后that不可省不可省if/whetherthat疑问词疑问词特殊情况特殊情况当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.2.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后如之后如look,seem,prove,be.引导表语从句的连词引导表语从句的连词:Predictive Clause表语从句表语从句thatwhether疑问词疑问词as ifbecause在句中充当同位语成
15、分,其一般跟在一些在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象抽象名词名词(idea;belief;fact;possibility;hope;truth;problem;news 等)后面,对名词作进一步解释等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明说明.同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副引导或用连接副词词when/where/why/how/whether Apposition Clause同位语同位语从句从句同位语从句、定语从句的区别同位语从句、定语从句的区别1.同位语从句进一步同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的说明前面名词的具体内容具体内容;定语从句则定语从句则对其先行词起修对其先行
16、词起修饰饰,限制限制的作用。的作用。2.引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的连词没有任何词连词没有任何词汇意义汇意义,也不在从句中担任成分也不在从句中担任成分,但但不能不能省略省略,而引导定语从句的关系词则而引导定语从句的关系词则代表代表先行词的词义先行词的词义,在从句中必须在从句中必须担任成分担任成分,作作宾语时常可省略宾语时常可省略.Notes:1.所有的名词性从句一律用陈述语序陈述语序。2.只用whether不用if的情况有:从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都二者都可用可用;与不定式搭配;与不定式搭配;引导主语,表语,同位语从句引导主语,表语,同位语从句 介词后
17、介词后 从句中有从句中有or或或or not;3.that只在只在动词后宾语从句动词后宾语从句中可以省略中可以省略,其他其他从句一般不可省。介词后名词性从句一般不用从句一般不可省。介词后名词性从句一般不用that引导引导,但但in,except,but,besides除外除外考点一:区别考点一:区别that,what与与which考点二:区别考点二:区别whether 与与if 考点三:区别考点三:区别 what,whatever,与与 no matter what.考点四:考点四:it 作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语考点五:名词性从句的语序考点五:名词性从句的语序名词性从句考点归纳
18、名词性从句考点归纳:考点考点1:连接词:连接词:that 与与 what 的区别的区别What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.that 只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可且在宾语从句中有时可省。省。what 既既起起连接作用连接作用,又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语(且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语)可作表语)B:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪一个哪一个)1.-Do
19、 you know _ Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围;无范围;Which有范围有范围解解析析if/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depen
20、ds on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherw
21、hetherwhether _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义,相,相当于名词后加一个定语从句,而当于名词后加一个定语从句,而_等引导的名词性从等引导的名词性从句句含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。请你归纳请你归纳 whoever,whateverWho,what 考点考点3.what,whatever,who,whoeverWho will take the position isnt decided.1._ was said here must be kept secret.2._ we need is more time.3._ has taken away my
22、 bag is unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyone whopractice1.-I think it is going to be a big problem.-Yes,it could be.-I wonder _we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that2._is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that B.It;whatC.There;w
23、hether D.It;whether3.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when4.Can you tell me _?A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is whoC.who that gentleman isD.whom is that gentleman5.He didnt know which room_.A.they lived B.they lived inC.did they live D.did they li
24、ve in6.To get the job started,_I need is from here.A.only what B.all whatC.all that D.only that7.In some countries _is called“equality”doesnt really mean equal rights for all people.A.which B.what C.that D.one8.Go and get your coat.Its _you left it.A.there B.whereC.there where D.where there改错:改错:1.i
25、f-whether 2.whomever-who 3 whomever-who 4.which-that 5.what-that 6.because-that 7.which-what 8.which-that高考真题:高考真题:2010 CDBBC BABBB BDCDA2011 BADDD CCDDC CCCDA BA2012 ACBBC DCDCB BDB2013 BCACD DCDDB CC1、发狂,情不自禁;、发狂,情不自禁;2、我们私下里说的话;、我们私下里说的话;3、独自;、独自;4、为自己,独立;、为自己,独立;5、本质上,亲自;、本质上,亲自;6、就其本身而言;、就其本身而言
26、;7、独自享有;、独自享有;8、身体正常;、身体正常;9、自娱自乐;、自娱自乐;10、举止规矩;、举止规矩;11、欺骗自己;、欺骗自己;12、穿衣;、穿衣;13、玩得快乐;、玩得快乐;14、苏醒,复活;、苏醒,复活;15、自用;、自用;16、躲藏;、躲藏;17、奉献于;、奉献于;18、受伤;、受伤;19、照镜子;、照镜子;20、沉浸在;、沉浸在;21、放松点,别拘束,别客、放松点,别拘束,别客气;气;22、使你的话被人理解;、使你的话被人理解;23、使你的话被人听到;、使你的话被人听到;24、放松;、放松;25、心里想;、心里想;26、就坐;、就坐;27、自言自语;、自言自语;28、自言自语;
27、、自言自语;29、自学;、自学;30、自言自语;、自言自语;31、自寻烦恼;、自寻烦恼;32、洗澡、洗澡33、为自己辩解;、为自己辩解;34、说明自己意图;、说明自己意图;35、忘我,失态;、忘我,失态;36、感觉很好;、感觉很好;37、表达个人思想;、表达个人思想;38、缺席;、缺席;39、适用于;、适用于;40、沉溺于;、沉溺于;41、致力于;、致力于;42、热衷于;、热衷于;43、去掉、去掉-习惯;习惯;44、承担;、承担;45、关心,忙于;、关心,忙于;46、满足;、满足;47、说出;、说出;48、因、因-而出名;而出名;49、从事于;、从事于;50、同、同-订婚;订婚;51、摆脱;、摆脱;52、热衷于;、热衷于;53、从事于;、从事于;54、反对;、反对;55、让自己精通、让自己精通-;56、准备;、准备;57、出席;、出席;58、以、以为傲;为傲;59、投身于;、投身于;60、依依不舍地离开;、依依不舍地离开;61、保守秘密、保守秘密62自力更生自力更生
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