研究生英语下第八单元.ppt

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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（下）综合教程（下）INTEGRATED COURSE2Unit 4 Science and Technology Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1Work in groups and solve the following crossword puzzle involving words describing things that have emerged in recent ye

2、ars with the improvement of science and technology,e.g.email,surfing the Net,search engine,cell phone,etc.Starting outStarting outAcross2.a science which involves developing and making extremely small but very powerful machines 4.to post a reply in order to raise the threads profile by returning it

3、to the top of the list of active threads 5.to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells 9.someone who secretly uses or changes the information in other peoples computer systems 10.GM food refers to _ modified foodwhich is not affected by particular diseases or harmful insects.13.A

4、 _ potato is someone who spends most of their time surfing the net.15.email messages that a computer user has not asked for and does not want to read,for example from someone who is advertising something 16.a business that sells products or services on the Internet,instead of in a shop 17.a virtual

5、pet in the form of an interactive program 19.the opposite of cyberspace or the virtual world of the Internet 20.education via the Internet;e-educationDown1.keyboard characters used in combination to produce whimsical symbols representing a range of emotions,also known as smiley3.online romance 6.tee

6、nagers who spend too much time in front of the screen(television or computer screens)7.a knowledgeable and experienced Internet user 8.move information or programs from a computer network to a small computer 11.an activity performed on Internet forums or chat rooms that involves wandering the websit

7、e,reading posts and never actually posting anything 12.the user(or employee)of the forum which is granted access to the posts for the purpose of moderating discussion on the Internet14.someone who has just started doing something,especially using the Internet or computers 18.China and India will soo

8、n have far larger numbers of _(s)than any Western nation.1EMO2NANOTE3CHNOLOGYIYC4BUMP5CLONE6S7K8DNR9HACKERNOLROWO10GENETICA11LLYWN12MVEUBL13MOUSE14NNRIODE15SPAMK16ETAILERWGIDR17CYBERPETN18NAIRG19MEATSPACETOIRZ20WEBUCATIONNThe Internet is without any doubt one of the greatest inventions in history.No

9、w lets watch a witty(措辞巧妙的;诙谐的)speech on“If I Controlled the Internet”and find out about what if the speaker ran the Internet.Click on the pictureTask 2 F Step One Directions:Work in pairs to match inventors in Column A with inventions in Column B.(P96)Starting outStarting out1)Tim Berners-Lee(Engla

10、nd)2)Alexander Graham Bell(US,born in Scotland)3)Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright(US)4)Thomas Alva Edison(US)5)Cai Lun(China)6)Alexander Fleming(England)7)Leo Baekeland(US,born in Belgium)8)Chester Floyd Carlson(US)9)Wilhelm Conrad von Rntgen(Germany)10)Willis Carrier(US)Starting out Starting out g.

11、the World Wide Webd.telephonei.airplaneh.electric light bulbc.papera.penicilline.plasticsj.Xerographyb.X-rayf.air-conditionerF Step Two Directions:Choose two of the inventions mentioned above and talk about their importance.Sample:I think one of the most important inventions is the electric light bu

12、lb.The importance of this invention becomes most apparent when there is a power outage(储运损耗)and we have to feel for everything in darkness.Another most important invention is the airplane.The invention of airplanes has enabled human beings to fulfill their dream of flying like birds.It is the fastes

13、t means of transportation so far.Modern tourism also owes much to the invention of the airplane.Airplanes have shortened the distance between people and made the world smaller.Thanks to the invention of the airplane,people can now travel around the world and enjoy different things in exotic destinat

14、ions.Starting out Starting out Is Google Making Us Stupid?Reading FocusReading FocusGoogle（Google Inc.，NASDAQ：GOOG）是一家美）是一家美国上市公司（公有股份公司），于国上市公司（公有股份公司），于1998年年9月月7日以私日以私有股份公司的形式创立，以设计并管理一个互联网有股份公司的形式创立，以设计并管理一个互联网搜搜索引擎索引擎。Google公司的总部称作公司的总部称作“Googleplex”，它，它位于位于加利福尼亚加利福尼亚山景城。山景城。Google 创始人创始人 Larry

15、 Page 和和 Sergey Brin 在在斯坦福大学斯坦福大学的学生宿舍内共同开发了全的学生宿舍内共同开发了全新的在线搜索引擎，然后迅速传播给全球的信息搜索新的在线搜索引擎，然后迅速传播给全球的信息搜索者。者。Google 目前被公认为是全球规模最大的搜索引擎，目前被公认为是全球规模最大的搜索引擎，它提供了简单易用的免费服务。不作恶（它提供了简单易用的免费服务。不作恶（Dont be evil）是谷歌公司的一项非正式的公司口号，最早是由）是谷歌公司的一项非正式的公司口号，最早是由Gmail服务创始人在一次会议中提出。我们服务创始人在一次会议中提出。我们Google无论无论在哪里都能为您搜寻

16、出海量您所需要的资料。在哪里都能为您搜寻出海量您所需要的资料。Google是全球最大的并且最受欢迎的搜索引擎，主要的搜索是全球最大的并且最受欢迎的搜索引擎，主要的搜索服务有：服务有：网页搜索，图片搜索，视频搜索，地图搜索，网页搜索，图片搜索，视频搜索，地图搜索，新闻搜索，购物搜索，博客搜索，论坛搜索，学术搜新闻搜索，购物搜索，博客搜索，论坛搜索，学术搜索，财经搜索。索，财经搜索。Complete the following extract with information from the text.on page 103Over the past few years,Ive had an 1

17、)_ feeling that Im not thinking the way I used to think,particularly when I am 2)_.In the past,I would be able to 3)_ myself in lengthy articles.But,it is a different story now.It has become an exacting thing for me to do some 4)_ reading.This,I think,can be attributed to a universal medium the Net,

18、which provides immediate 5)_ to such an incredibly rich store of information.Reliance on the Net leads to the gradual loss of my capacity for 6)_ and contemplation.Similar troubles with reading also fall upon other people,Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandinguncomfortablereadingimmersedeep

19、accessconcentration including Scott Karp,who recently confessed that he has 7)_ reading books altogether,and Bruce Friedman,who claimed that the Internet has 8)_ his mental habits.A recently published study of online research habits also points to the 9)_ in the way we read and think.Although the In

20、ternet and text-messaging on cell phones facilitate our reading,its a 10)_ kind of reading.According to Maryanne Wolf,a developmental psychologist at Tufts University,we tend to become“mere 11)_ of information”while reading online.Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingstoppedalteredchangedi

21、fferentdecodersAs a consequence,our ability to interpret and make rich mental connections remains tremendously 12)_.Another good case in point,illustrating the point that 13)_ extend across many regions of the brain when we apply different media,is Friedrich Nietzsche.When his vision was failing and

22、 it was tough for him to keep his eyes focused on a page,he bought a typewriter,with which 14)_ could once again flow from his mind to the page.But,as one of Nietzsches friends claimed,it made Nietzsches terse prose even 15)_ and more telegraphic.Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingdiseng

23、agedvariationswordstighterTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.(P103)Key:1 2 3 4 25 67 8 DABDACBCReading FocusReading Focus Detailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusRead the following sentences from the text and discuss with your group memb

24、ers how you understand them and whether you agree with them.Use examples to illustrate your point.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1.“We are not only what we read,”says Maryanne Wolf.“We are how we read.”2.When we read online,she says,we tend to become“mere decoders(解码器)of information.”Read the followi

25、ng sentences or questions and discuss with your partner whether you have the same problems and if you have,how you will cope with these problems.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1.The more they use the Web,the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing.2.People using the sites ex

26、hibited“a form of skimming activity,”hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source theyd already visited.3.“I cant read War and Peace anymore,”he admitted.“Ive lost the ability to do that.Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb.I skim it.”

27、Discuss in groups the following questionsPeople can gain easy access to virtually all the information on the Internet,including e-books,which acts as a catalyst for the debate as to whether to abandon or strengthen the copyright of books.In your opinion,how should the issue of copyright be dealt wit

28、h?Reading FocusCritical Thinking1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy.My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument,and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose.(Para.1)Here,the author is talking about his past experience.For ex

29、ample,he used to be easily absorbed in a book or a long article.His attention would also be drawn to the narrative,complex arguments and long prose.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point If you describe something as a godsend,you are emphasizing that it helps you very much.e.g.1)The hot weather h

30、as been a godsend for ice-cream sellers.2)It was a godsend to have him there just when we needed someone.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2.The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer.(Para.2)3.A few Google searches,some quick clicks on hyperlinks,and Ive got the telltale fact or pithy quo

31、te I was after.(Para.4)If you are after somebody or something,you are looking for somebody or something.e.g.1)That boys always in troublethe police are after him again.2)“Were you after anything in particular?”“No,were just looking.”Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 4.Once I was a scuba dive

32、r in the sea of words.Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.(Para.3)These two sentences imply that I used to have a liking for deep reading whereas I tend to skim and scan for information while reading now.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 5.“What happened?”He speculates on the

33、 answer:“What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed,i.e.Im just seeking convenience,but because the way I THINK has changed?”(Para.4)“not so much because,but because”means“并不是因并不是因为为，而是因为，而是因为”.speculate 1)speculate(on/about something)/that/wh-e.g.There was

34、 no point _ _(猜测他们是否会一起猜测他们是否会一起 回来回来).2)speculate in/on something e.g.He likes to speculate on the stock market.lDerivations:speculation;speculative speculating about the possibility of them getting back togetherReading FocusReading Focus Language Point 6.A pathologist who has long been on the facu

35、lty of the University of Michigan Medical School,Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me.(Para.5)If somebody is on the faculty of a particular college or university,he or she works in it.However,“faculty”has other meanings as follows.1)How can the faculty improve their

36、 teaching so as to encourage creativity?2)the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 3)She is over eighty but still has all her faculties.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point all the teachersdepartmentbe able to speak,hear,see,understand,etc articulate(v.):to give more details or new informat

37、ion about something e.g.1)He said he had new evidence,but refused to elaborate any further.2)They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision.articulate(adj.)1)very complex e.g.an elaborate research project 2)carefully planned and organized in great detail e.g.She had prepared a very elab

38、orate meal.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 7.But a recently published study of online research habits,conducted by scholars from University College London,suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think.(Para.6)In this sentence,“conducted by scholars

39、from University College London”functions as an attributive of“a recently published study”.“may well be in the midst of a sea change”means“are very likely to undergo dramatic changes”.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 8.Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet,not to mention the popular

40、ity of text-messaging on cell phones,we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s,when television was our medium of choice.(Para.6)参考译文：参考译文：多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。Readin

41、g FocusReading Focus Language Point 9.His vision was failing,and keeping his eyes focused on a page had become exhausting and painful,often bringing on crushing headaches.(Para.9)Here,“failing”is an adjective,meaning“no longer strong or healthy”.e.g.government money wasted on failing industries“brin

42、ging on crushing headaches”is used to modify the previous sentence as an attributive.“bring on”here means“make something bad or unpleasant happen”.e.g.Stress can bring on an asthma attack.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point“bring on”can also have other meanings as follows.1)to help someone to

43、improve or make progresse.g.Teachers have to bring on the bright children and at the same time give extra help to those who need it.2)to make plants or crops grow fastere.g.Keeping the young plants in a greenhouse will help bring them on.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 10.His already terse

44、 prose had become even tighter,more telegraphic.(Para.10)This sentence implies that his prose had become even more concise and terse.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Task 1Step OneColumn A is a list of words from the passage.Find a word or phrase in Column B which i

45、s similar in meaning to each of the words in Column A.(P106)ifabhjceReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action dgStep Two1)The children get _ if they have nothing to do.2)The shipyard has been dealt another _ blow with the failure to win this contract.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropri

46、ate word from Column A above.Change the form if necessary.(P.106)fidgetycrushingapplauddefinitivecurtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushingReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 3)His _ advice to young painters was,Above all,keep your colors fresh.4)It is important to note that

47、_ for information does not equate to aimless“surfing.”5)The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a(n)_ answer.6)His addiction to drugs _ him towards a life of crime.pithyforagingdefinitivepropelledReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action applauddefinitivec

48、urtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushing7)On the triumphant return home,the captain,Brian Robson,was _ for sticking to his guns.8)The _ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money.9)Here are

49、 your travel documents,all _ signed.10)By the same token,reduced military budgets would force the government to _ its foreign involvement.applaudedubiquitydulycurtailReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action applauddefinitivecurtailduly forage pithypropelubiquityfidgety crushingTask 2Fill in e

50、ach of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb.(P107)Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-aboveonto onabout/ontowithaton/aboutinReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 1.The regions where a person grows up _2._(可能会对可能会对产生微妙的影产生微妙的影响响)his or her idea of typicality of certain items.2.Many sit