中国企业美国上市介绍bpge.pptx
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1、 Going Public in US Stock Markets中国公司美国上市中国公司美国上市 2023/5/201美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司Table of Contents 目录目录I.为什么要上市?(上市的好处)Why to Go Public?(Benefits of Listing)A美国股市US Stock MarketsA如何上市?How to Go Public?A上市的成本Cost to Go Public A上市后的运作After being ListedA我们是谁?Who Are We?2023/5/202美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资
2、控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司I.为什么要上市?什么要上市?(上市的好(上市的好处)Why to Go Public?(Benefits of Listing)2023/5/203美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司为什么要上市?(上市的好处)为什么要上市?(上市的好处)Why to Go Public?(Benefits of Listing)1.Fund Raising and Easier Access to Capital:上市公司最大的优势是可以在证券市场上大规模筹集资金;2.Maximize shareholders interests by
3、higher P/E Ratio(higher valuations):提升公司价值:A private Companys P/E is usually 5,whereas a public companys P/E can be more than 10.上市使公司股票有了流通性,并具有公认的价格。大多数情况下,公司的整体市场价值会比未上市前高出许多。3.More revenues for financing 拓宽公司融资渠道:公司上市后由于知名度、透明度和信用度的提高,可以通过资本市场直接融资或进行私募发行。容易从供应商和银行获得信用。Sometimes shares can be use
4、d as collateral for loans.4.Easy for potential Merge and Acquisition 开展后继资本运作:上市后公司很容易用增发股票的方式并购其它企业、整合资源,而不需要动用大量的现金。5.Company Image and Marketing and PR Benefits公司形象,市场推广,公共关系的好处。(当然也有公众压力的坏处)6.Employees royalty and enthusiasm员工的股票期权激励:Make benefits package more attractive by offering stock or opt
5、ions to let employees work for the companys success.由于公司股票有了市值和流通性,易用股票期权作为激励方法和留住关键员工。7.Liquidity 流通性-售股套现:在过了限售期后股东可以抛股套现,对于企业创始人来说这是个人(退休安排)的一个步骤。8.Lowering risks by distributing risks to public market.风险分散 9.Assists management succession 帮助管理层取得成功。2023/5/204美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国
6、瑞星思达投资控股公司在美国上市对中国企业的挑战在美国上市对中国企业的挑战在美国上市对中国企业的挑战在美国上市对中国企业的挑战 (上市的(上市的(上市的(上市的“不利不利不利不利”因素)因素)因素)因素)Challenges of ListingChallenges of Listing1.企业的营运成本(费用和时间)增加 Cost of Listing and Consummation of Management Time:审计和律师费用:公司需要聘用相关行政人员和独立懂事等、各项申报:2.企业的透明度增加 Disclosure Requirements:严格的信息披露政策,可能会影响到企业的
7、业务。上市之后,如果在信息披露上不能达到要求,则要付出高昂的代价。作为上市企业,公众可以了解企业的各项财务数据、重大变更、主要客户的名称和交易量,主要股东和高层管理人员的利益分配(salaries,perquisites,etc)。3.公司治理增强 Corporate Governance Requirements在安然事件发生后,美国加强了对上市企业的监管力度,企业必须增加透明度和加强内部监管程序。财务和管理纪律化 Financial and Management Discipline4.受托责任 Fiduciary Responsibilities5.投资人多样化 Diverse Inve
8、stor Base6.外部环境的影响增加 Pressure from public:任何国际形势的变化、汇率的变化都会对跨国经营企业的价值产生重大影响。例如,如果人民币对美元的汇率大幅下降,那么即使企业的盈利和增长率表现良好,企业的市场价值仍然可以是负面的表现。7.保密 Confidentiality8.提供股东价值的压力 Pressure to deliver“Shareholder Value”.9.培训需要 Staff/Management Training Needs10.被告的风险 Risks of having lawsuitSued by Stockholders11.失去独立经
9、营及对公司的控制权 Losing control of the businessYou might find yourself not running the business they way you want to,but the way the stockholders want to.Hostile takeovers(put defensive clauses into your IPO charter)2023/5/205美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司II.美国股市美国股市US Stock Markets2023/5
10、/206美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司US Security Markets美国的证券市场美国的证券市场纽约股票交易所New York Stock Exchange美国证券交易所American Stock ExchangePink Sheets粉红单交易市场National MarketSmallCap MarketOver-The-Counter(OTC)Markets412场外交易市场场外交易市场3Other Stock Exchanges美国其他资本市场美国其他资本市场1.Chicago Stock Exchange2.Boston Stock Exchange3.C
11、incinnati Stock Exchange4.Pacific Exchange5.Philadelphia Stock Exchange2023/5/207美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司New York Stock Exchange(NYSE)New York Stock Exchange(NYSE)纽约股票交易所纽约股票交易所纽约股票交易所纽约股票交易所2023/5/208美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司The New York Stock Exchange
12、(NYSE)also nicknamed the Big Board,is by far the largest stock exchange in the world(by dollar volume)and second largest by number of listings.Its share volume was exceeded by that of NASDAQ during the 1990s,but the total market capitalization of companies listed on the NYSE is five times that of co
13、mpanies listed on NASDAQ.The NYSE is operated by NYSE Group,which was formed by merger with the fully electronic stock exchange Archipelago Holdings.The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is comprised of five rooms used for the facilitation of trading.The main building is located at
14、 18 Broad Street,between the corners of Wall Street,and Exchange Pl.,in New York City.2023/5/209美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司American Stock Exchange(AMEX)美利坚证券交易所美利坚证券交易所The hectic exchange floor of The American Stock Exchange,Trinity Place,New York,NY,painted by Leroy NeimanThe t
15、raders wear brightly colored jackets-blue,yellow,green,orange and red-with each color corresponding to a specific trading house.There are women on the floor;the American Stock Exchange was the first exchange to elect women members in 1965.2023/5/2010美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司AM
16、EX美国证券交易所美国证券交易所Originally known as The Curb because its business was conducted on the street,the Exchange began in 1849.It first moved indoors in 1921 and adopted its present name in 1953.Amex的成立已经有100多年的历史,那时交易商们在纽约的街道上进行自由交易,直到1921年交易所才从大街上搬进位于纽约市中心的交易大厅内。Amex是采用拍卖成交(Auction)的方式来交易证券,拍卖方式一般采用“价格和
17、数量优先”的成交方式,这一点是和纳斯达克所采用的做市商制度(Market Maker)很不一样的。In the United States,the American Stock Exchange(AMEX)is second only in size to the New York Stock Exchange.The Amex is the only U.S.market to trade three different products:stocks,options and exchange-traded funds.Floor-based auction market that spec
18、ializes in equities,options and exchange-traded funds(ETFs).AMEX has been particularly successful with such products as SPDRs(S&P 500 depository receipts),DIAMONDS(a unit investment trust that tracks the Dow Jones Industrial Average),and HOLDRs(holding company depository receipts).It also has a grow
19、ing business in listing structured products and closed-end funds.美国证券交易所是全美第二大的大厅叫价式(floor-based)的证券交易所,其在股票和衍生证券方面的交易都非常突出。全美证券交易所在大厅叫价的交易技术方面的革新一直处于前沿的地位,这不仅仅是因为其首先使用了屏幕触摸的技术来使得交易得以更迅速地确认,而且在于应用无线网络交易(wireless trading)方面,这个交易所又一次走在了前列。2023/5/2011美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司Over
20、-The-Counter(OTC)MarketsOver-The-Counter(OTC)Markets直接交易市场(或叫场外柜台交易市场,店头交易)直接交易市场(或叫场外柜台交易市场,店头交易)直接交易市场(或叫场外柜台交易市场,店头交易)直接交易市场(或叫场外柜台交易市场,店头交易)Over-the-counter(OTC)trading is to trade financial instruments such as stocks,bonds,or derivatives directly between two parties.It is the opposite of exchan
21、ge trading which occurs on futures exchanges or stock exchanges.An over-the-counter contract is a bi-lateral contract in which two parties agree on how a particular trade or agreement is to be settled in the future.For derivatives,these agreements are usually governed by an International Swaps and D
22、erivatives Association agreement.An over-the-counter market is a financial market where products are traded over-the-counter.Public securities issues not traded on any domestic stock exchange are traded in the OTC market.The OTC market is a negotiated market,whereas most stock exchanges such as NYSE
23、 are auction markets.market in which securities transactions are conducted through a telephone and computer network connecting dealers in stocks and bonds,rather than on the floor of an exchange.OTC is a decentralized market(as opposed to an exchange market)where geographically dispersed dealers are
24、 linked by telephones and computer screens.The OTC market is subdivided into Pink Sheets,the Bulletin Board,the NASDAQ,and the National Market System(NMS,An informational system that is part of the NASDAQ system).The OTC market is regulated by the NASD.The OTC market is a main market for bonds.2023/
25、5/2012美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司美国瑞星思达投资控股公司NASDAQ 纳斯达克纳斯达克The National Association of Securities Dealers(NASD)introduced the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation(Nasdaq)service in 1971,the worlds first electronic stock market and one of the largest stock market i
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