景观规划建筑英语优秀课件.ppt

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1、景观规划建筑英语第1页，本讲稿共28页 Landscape architecture continued to influence the city beautification and planning movement well into the 20th century,as growing cities used the services of professionally-trained landscape architects.The LEnfant Plan for the nations capitol was revived and expanded by the McMil

2、lan commission of 1901.Chicago,Cleveland and other cities also used landscape architects to lay out comprehensive development plans.由于城市发展需要受到过专业训练的风景园林师参与，风景园林对城市美化和规划运动的影响一直持续到20世纪。1901年，国家首都的郎方规划由麦克米伦委员会进行再次规划和扩大，芝加哥、克里夫兰和其他城市都请风景园林师对城市进行综合布局和开发规划。第2页，本讲稿共28页第3页，本讲稿共28页第4页，本讲稿共28页By the 1920s,urb

3、an planning separated from architecture and landscape architecture as a separate profession with its own degree programs and organizations.Yet,landscape architecture continued to remain a major force in urban planning and urban design.During and after the Depression,opportunities to design national

4、and state parks,towns,parkways and new urban park systems broadened the profession.The orientation of American landscape architecture returned to its roots in public projects a trend which has continued throughout the mid-20th century to today.到20世纪20年代，城市规划从建筑和风景园林分离成为一个独立的职业，并拥有自己的学位课程和组织机构。然而，风景园

5、林师在城市规划和城市设计中仍然保持着主导力量。在经济大萧条期间和之后，国家和州公园、城镇、公园道和新的城市公园系统规划设计的机会使风景园林职业得到壮大。美国风景园林的定位重新回到它的起源公共项目一个贯穿20世纪中期至今的趋势中来。第5页，本讲稿共28页The Profession in Practice实践中的职业第6页，本讲稿共28页Landscape architecture in the 1990s cannot be described in a few simple terms.The scope of the profession is too broad and the proj

6、ects too varied.A variety of often interwoven specializations exist within the profession,including the following:Landscape Design,the historical core of the profession,is concerned with detailed outdoor space design for residential,commercial,industrial,institutional,and public spaces.It involves t

7、he treatment of a site as art,the balance of hard and soft surfaces in outdoor and indoor spaces,the selection of construction and plant materials,infrastructure such as irrigation,and the preparation of detailed construction plans and documents.Site Planning focuses on the physical design and arran

8、gement of built and natural elements of a land parcel.A site planning project can involve designing the land for a single house,an office park or shopping center,or an entire residential community.第7页，本讲稿共28页More specifically,site design involves the orderly,efficient,aesthetic and ecologically sens

9、itive integration of man-made objects with a sites natural features including topography,vegetation,drainage,water,wildlife and climate.Sensitive design produces development that minimizes both environmental impacts and project costs,and adds value to a site.Urban/Town Planning deals with designing

10、and planning cities and towns.Urban planners use zoning techniques and regulations,master plans,conceptual plans,land-use studies and other methods to set the layout and organization of urban areas.This field also involves urban design _ the development of mostly open,public spaces,such as plazas an

11、d streetscapes.第8页，本讲稿共28页Regional Landscape Planning has emerged as a major area of practice for many landscape architects with the rise of the publics environmental awareness in the past thirty years.It merges landscape architecture with environmental planning.In this field,landscape architects de

12、al with the full spectrum of planning and managing land and water,including natural resource surveys,preparation of environmental impact statements,visual analysis,landscape reclamation and coastal zone management.Park and Recreation Planning involves creating or redesigning parks and recreational a

13、reas in cities,suburban and rural areas.Landscape architects also develop plans for huge natural areas as part of national park,forest,and wildlife refuge systems.第9页，本讲稿共28页Land Development Planning can be on large-scale,multi-acre parcels of undeveloped land and smaller scale sites in urban,rural

14、and historic areas.As such,it provides a bridge between policy planning and individual development projects.Landscape architects working in this area require a knowledge of real estate economics and development regulation processes,as well as an understanding of the physical constraints of developin

15、g and working with the land.The challenge is to integrate economic factors with good design and thus create quality environments.Due to this blending of expertise,landscape architects are often selected to head multi-disciplinary design teams.Ecological Planning and Design studies the interaction be

16、tween people and the natural environment.It is concerned with interpretation,analysis,and formulation of design policies,guidelines and plans to ensure the quality of the environment.Heavily landscape architect and planner Ian McHarg,this specialization includes,but is not limited to,analytical eval

17、uations of the land and focuses on the suitability of a site for development.第10页，本讲稿共28页It requires specific knowledge of environmental laws such as the Clean Water Act,the Safe Drinking Water Act,Federal wetlands regulations,etc.This specialization also encompasses highway design and planning.Hist

18、oric Preservation and Reclamation of sites such as parks,gardens,grounds,waterfronts,and wetlands involves increasing numbers of landscape architects as growing populations lead to additional development.This field may involve preservation or maintenance of a site in relatively static condition,cons

19、ervation of a site as part of a larger area of historic importance,restoration of a site to a given date or quality,and renovation of a site for ongoing or new use.Landscape architects often participate from the research through the actual restoration stage.第11页，本讲稿共28页Social and Behavioral Aspects

20、of Landscape Design focuses on the human dimension of design,such as designing for the special needs of the elderly or the disabled.This field requires advanced training in social sciences,such as behavioral psychology,sociology,anthropology and economics.Areas of study include design evaluation of

21、existing environments,environmental perceptions,and effects of environments on people.第12页，本讲稿共28页The Profession of the Future未来的职业第13页，本讲稿共28页 The years ahead promise new developments and challenges to the ever-broadening profession.With environmental concerns becoming increasingly important,landsc

22、ape architects are being called upon to bring their expertise to the table to help solve complex problems.Rural concerns are attracting landscape architects to farmland preservation,small town revitalization,landscape preservation,and energy resource development and conservation.今后，越来越宽广的风景园林职业将面临着新

23、的发展和挑战。随着人们对环境越来越多的关注，风景园林师需要运用专业的技能帮助解决复杂的问题。人们对农村的关注吸引风景园林师从事农田保护、小城镇复兴、景观保护和能源开发与保护的工作。第14页，本讲稿共28页Advances in computer technology have opened the field of computerized design,and land reclamation has become a major area of work for members of the profession.Landscape architects have even begun t

24、o use their skill within indoor environments(e.g.atriums)and enclosed pedestrian spaces have been incorporated into commercial development projects.From southern California to the Maine coast,the names of landscape architecture firms appear on signs heralding future developments,as more people seek

25、the expertise and services of the profession.计算机技术的优越性开创了计算机化的设计方法，同时，土地改造成为风景园林师主要工作领域。风景园林师甚至开始进行室内环境（比如中庭）的设计，并且室内步行空间环境项目与商业开发项目结合成一个整体。从南加州到缅因州海滨，越来越多的人们对风景园林职业技术和服务有所需求，预示着风景园林公司在未来将有更大发展。第15页，本讲稿共28页Furthermore,the future also promises increase cooperation among landscape architects and other

26、 design professionals.As interest in the profession continues to grow,students are studying of the profession in increasing numbers and nearly 60 universities and colleges in the United States and Canada now offer accredited baccalaureate and post-graduate programs in landscape architecture.Forty-fi

27、ve states license landscape architects.此外，未来的风景园林将会与其他设计职业有越来越多的合作。随着人们对这个职业兴趣的增加，学习这个专业的学生也大量增加，美国和加拿有近60个大学和学院开设了风景园林方面的学士学位和研究生学位课程。有45个州制订了风景园林从业许可制度。第16页，本讲稿共28页Today,headquartered in Washington,D.C.,the American Society of Landscape Architects has grown to nearly 12,000 members in 47 chapters.

28、During the past decades,landscape architects have responded to the increased demand and professional responsibilities with new skills and expertise.More and more businesses appreciate the profession and the value that it brings to a project.The public praises the balance achieved between the built a

29、nd natural environments.今天，设于华盛顿的美国风景园林师协会总部已经拥有47个分会近12000个会员。在过去的几十年，风景园林师为满足日益增加的需求和职业责任，发展了新的技术和专业技能。越来越多的商业开发受益于这个职业，以及这个职业为项目带来的价值。公众也赞誉它为人工与自然环境之间取得平衡所做的工作。第17页，本讲稿共28页According to landsca pe architectural educator,author and ASLA Fellow,Lane Marshall:The future of.(the)profession is bright.W

30、e are growing in size and stature each day.The profession is expanding its borders constantly and stands at the cutting edges of exciting new practice areas.There are landscape architects who are mortgage bankers,developers,business managers,architects,engineers,and lawyers.Since 1899,the profession

31、 has grown steadily and now stands at the threshold of a new period of growth.风景园林教育家、作家和ASLA成员雷恩.马歇尔的观点是：“这个职业的未来是光明的.我们的规模和地位每天都有所增加。这个职业正在不断的拓宽他的边界，并处于令人兴奋的新领域的锋头之上（前沿）。风景园林师则来自抵押货款银行家、开发商、商业经理、建筑师、工程师，以及律师。自从1899年，这个职业就稳定地发展着，目前正处于一个新发展的开端。第18页，本讲稿共28页The profession of landscape architecture con

32、tinues to evolve as it meets the challenges of a society interested in improving the quality of life and the wisdom with which mankind uses the land in many ways,landscape architects are shaping the future.风景园林在面对社会关注生活条件改善和以多种方式明智地利用土地的挑战中，不断地发展进化，风景园林师正在塑造着未来。第19页，本讲稿共28页专业词汇landscape architecture

33、风景园林landscape architect风景园林师American Society of Landscape Architects(ASLA).美国风景园林师协会environmental protection环境保护real estate 地产civil engineering市政工程第20页，本讲稿共28页urban planning/city planning城市规划master plan 总体规划landscape gardener风景园艺师urban park城市公园metropolitan park system都市公园系统planned residential enclav

34、e 规划社区（居住区）college campuse 大学校园第21页，本讲稿共28页City Beautiful movement 城市美化运动town planning movement 城镇规划运动LEnfant Plan 郎方规划Depression经济萧条farmland preservation农田保护small town revitalization小城镇复兴第22页，本讲稿共28页landscape preservation景观保护energy resource development and conservation能源开发与保护第23页，本讲稿共28页词汇landscape

35、n.风景,山水画,地形,前景preservationn.保护，保存rehabilitationn.恢复，复原infrastructuren.基础设施，下部构造,基础下部组织long-termadj.长期的expertisen.专业的知识，专家的意见，专门技术第24页，本讲稿共28页overviewn.总的看法highwayn.公路,大路thoroughfaren.通路,大道plazan.广场,露天汽车停车场,购物中心campusn.校园gradingn.地形waterstormn.排水第25页，本讲稿共28页Renaissancen.文艺复兴,文艺复兴时期Middle Agesn.中世纪；中古

36、时代wanevi.衰落,变小,消逝ornateadj.装饰的,华丽的,(文体)绚丽的villan.别墅,城郊小屋piazzan.广场,走廊,露天市场precedentn.先例第26页，本讲稿共28页sophisticationn.复杂，强词夺理,诡辩,混合formalityn.形式，拘谨,礼节,仪式,正式手续,拘泥形式forerunnern.先驱(者),传令官,预兆remodelvt.重新塑造,改造,改变geometricadj.几何的,几何学的imitatev.模仿,效法,冒充formaladj.规整的，整形的,整齐匀称的，正式的,形式的第27页，本讲稿共28页genesisn.起源visionaryadj.幻影的,幻想的,梦想的n.空想家,梦想者,好幻想的人,有远见的人,远见卓识的人ensuevi.跟着发生,继起atriumn.中庭enclosevt.放入封套,装入,围绕pedestriann.步行者adj.徒步的第28页，本讲稿共28页