考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析ppt版.ppt

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1、2012 年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildren_totheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.A.todevelopB.tobedevelopedC.developingD.willdevelop AForthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential 在句中做目的状语，the

2、sechildren 是todevelop 的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。B 中不定式被动式与句意相悖;for 不是连词，故不能选D，否则语句不通。SpaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanySpaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanynewterritoriesforhumansettlement,aswellasnewterritoriesforhumansettlement,aswellas_theharvestofmineralresources._theharvestofmineralresourc

3、es.A.leadstoleadstoB.toleadtotoleadtoC.leadingtoleadingtoD.leadtoleadto Caswellas 在语法功能上相当于介词，所以在句中要接动名词leadingto。Someday,solar power collected by satellites Someday,solar power collected by satellites _ the earth or fission power(_ the earth or fission power(裂变能裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give

4、us all the)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.energy we need for an expanding civilization.A.circled circled B.to circleto circleC.circlingcirclingD.circlescirclesC句子的主语为solarpowerorfissionpower，谓语是maygive,collectedbysatellitecirclingtheearth 是后置

5、定语修饰solarpower，其中circlingtheearth 又是现在分词短语修饰satellite，“环绕地球的卫星”，相当于thesatellitewhichcirclestheearth。其他选择项均不符合句子语法结构要求。Inthisexperiment,theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenight,andaskedtoreportwhatthey_.A.hadjustbeendreamingB.arejustdreamingC.havejustbeendreamingD.hadjustdreamtC句中已给出频次状语severaltimes，

6、说明要用完成时态，同时句子的时态定位是现在时theyarewakened，显然不能用过去完成时，所以选C。Herterrorwassogreat_somewheretoescape,shewouldhaverunforherlife.A.onlyifB.thattherehadonlybeenC.thathadthereonlybeenD.iftherewereonlyC这是一个sothat 结构表示结果状语的句型，A、D可以排除。在that 从句中又有条件从句，而且应该是虚拟语气结构，B 中没有表示条件的连词，是错误的。C 虽然也没有连词if，但采用了倒装结构，可以将if省略，又是haddo

7、ne，表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态、结构完全正确，因此是惟一正确的选择。Somewomen_agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A.mustmakeB.shouldhavemade C.wouldmakeD.couldhavemadeD这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。shouldhavemade 意思是“本应该做而实际上没做”，与原句意不够贴切。Alightwithno

8、morepowerthan_byanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.A.asisproducedB.thatproducedC.thatisproducedD.producedB相当于Alightwithnomorepowerthanthepowerthatisproducedby。that 代替power，表示相比较的事物，而D 中没有比较对象，故不对;as 表示原级比较，不与than 用在一起，故A 也不正确;C中缺少that的先行词，也是错误的。F

9、ormostpeopletheseawasremote,andwithFormostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelerstheexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,thereorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,waslittlereasontoask

10、manyquestionsaboutit,letalone_whatlaybeneaththesurface.letalone_whatlaybeneaththesurface.A.askingA.askingB.askB.askC.toaskC.toaskD.beaskedD.beaskedCletalone，“更不用说”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填入与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。Eveniftheyareonsale,these_refrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,attheotherstore.A.anyo

11、neB.theothersC.thatD.theonesD句子要求填一个能够代替theserefrigerators 的代词，故排除A、C。theothers 一般与另一部分相对而言，在此句中不对，所以选theones。Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthas_itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.A.areB.isC.doD.hasA句子后半句是倒装句，主语是复数itssoilandthewaterofitslakes,riversandoceans，因为较长，所以后置，故选A。Fromnowon,whe

12、nanyoneinourrankswhohasdonesomeusefulworkdies,soldierorcook,weshouldhaveafuneralceremonyandamemorialmeetinginhishonor.A.nomatterheisB.whetherhehasbeenC.beheD.whetherbeheC此句含有让步状语从句whetheror“不管是还是”，采用倒装后省略连词，用原形动词，所以只能选C。In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazismhewasdr

13、ivenfromGermanybecausehewasaJew.A.thenB.andC.whenD.beforeCwhen 引导时间从句：“纳粹上台的时候,他被赶出德国”then 不是连词,用在句中不符合句法要求;如果选B,应为andthen;before 填入句中句意不通。Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentofusedtobecallednaturalphilosophyfromwhichmostofpresent-daysciencearose.A.thatB.allC.whichD.whatD句中要求一个能够引导of 介词宾语从句的连接词,所以只有wha

14、t 具有这个功能。thepopulationofworkingageincreasedby1millionbetween1981and1986,todayitisbarelygrowing.A.WhereasB.EvenifC.AfterD.NowthatA前后两个句子是对比关系:increased 和barelygrowing,而evenif 表示让步“即使”;after 表示时间;nowthat 表示原因,故只有whereas 正确。Hisfeatureswereagreeable;hisbody,slightofbuild,hadsomethingofathleticoutline.A.

15、somehowB.asC.thoughD.somewhatCthough 表示让步,意为“虽然”，全句的意思是:“他的长相挺好,身体虽然瘦小,但有点儿运动员的样子。”somehow“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as 可以引导让步从句,但句子结构要倒装,不用于省略句,因此在此处不合适。somewhat“有几分”、“有点儿”,没有让步意味。Bythefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury,internationalcommercialtrafficvastlybeyondtodayslevels.A.willbeexpectedtoextendB.willhavebeenexpe

16、ctedtoextendC.isexpectedtobeextendedD.isexpectedtohaveextendedDD句子讲的是句子讲的是“人们期待到人们期待到2121世纪前世纪前1010年时年时,国际国际性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平”,”,人们现在人们现在就期待就期待,而不是将来期待而不是将来期待,所以所以AA、BB是错误的是错误的;另另外外,表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或出现的状态出现的状态,应用将来完成时应用将来完成时,按句意按句意,是指是指extendextend这一动作的完成这一动作的完成,所以应

17、该在不定式上体所以应该在不定式上体现出来。根据上述分析现出来。根据上述分析,选选DD符合句意要求。符合句意要求。Weadvocatetheeconomic,culturalandreligioustraditionsofallnationalminorities.A.torespectB.toberespectedC.respectingD.havingrespectedC动词advocate 后接动名词而不接不定式做宾语。D 虽然是动名词,但用其完成式在语义上讲不通。Therearetwohorsesattheendsofaropewithalltheirmightinoppositedir

18、ections.A.pullingB.pullC.pulledD.topullApulling 是现在分词在句中做horses 的定语,相当于whichpull。TodaytheTennesseeValleyisoneoftherichestareasintheworld.Butifthingsastheywereitwouldnowbeadesert.A.hadleftB.wereleftC.hadbeenleftD.hadbeenleavingChadbeenleft 表示与过去事实相反的假设“如果情况还像以前那样”。Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcameba

19、ckonlyhowhishometownwasdamagedinanearthquake.A.tofindoutB.findingoutC.tohavefoundoutD.tobefindingoutA不定式tofindout 做结果状语,有意想不到的含义。不定式表示结果时,用其一般式即可。Relaxation,_freshair,purewaterandcleanfood,isessentialtoasoundmindandhealthybody.A.muchlessthanB.nolessthanC.nomorethanD.anylessthanBnolessthan“与同样(重要)”。全

20、句意为:“放松休息,就像新鲜空气、纯净水、清洁的食品一样,是健康的身心所不可缺少的。”Itisfarbettertodowellabitofworkwhichiswell_alargefortune.A.worthytobedonethanhaveB.worthdoingthantohaveC.worthwhiletodothanhaveD.worthyofdoingthanhaveB Btohavealargefortune tohavealargefortune 与 与todowellabitofwork todowellabitofwork 是并列 是并列不定式。另外，不定式。另外，wo

21、rth,worthy,worthwhile worth,worthy,worthwhile 在用法上的区别 在用法上的区别是 是:(1)worth:(1)worth 是介词 是介词,后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。接动名词时 接动名词时,与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义 与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义是被动的。如 是被动的。如:Thebookisworthreading.(2)worthy:Thebookisworthreading.(2)worthy 是形 是形容词 容词,置于 置于be be 动词后或名词后面 动词后或名词后面,做后位修饰语 做

22、后位修饰语,其结构 其结构是 是:beworthyofdoingsth.,sth.isworthytobedone:beworthyofdoingsth.,sth.isworthytobedone。(3)worthwhile(3)worthwhile 是形容词，要与形式主语 是形容词，要与形式主语it it 并用：并用：Itis Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.worth worthwhiletoreadthebook.worth 和 和worthy worthy 都不能用于这 都不能用于这种结构。种结构。Understandingtheculturalhabitofa

23、nothernation,especially_containingasmanydifferentsubculturesastheUnitedStates,isacomplextask.A.oneB.theoneC.thatD.suchAone 指代前面提到的具有泛指含义的可数名词单数,在该句中指代anothernation,句中属于泛指，可见B 是错误的。such 指代前面讲过的整个情况，多用作主语。that 指物时常用来指代不可数名词,指代可数名词时具有特指含义。Whetherornotthenextplanwillyieldanypositiveresults_tobeseen.A.re

24、mainB.remainsC.isremainedD.haveremainedBwhether 引导名词性从句做主语,谓语动词应为单数。另外，remain 一般不用被动式,所以B 为正确选项。Ifeveragain_happensanaccidentlikethis,wewillhaveonlyourselvestoblame.A.itB.soC.thereD.thatC这是therebe 句型的异化形式，即therebe句型中还可以用be 以外的不及物动词，如live,stand,exist,come,remain 等。Thestudentsweremuchencouraged_achanc

25、etotalkwiththeAmericansinEnglish.A.togetB.gottenC.tohavegotD.havinggotC句中不定式表示原因:“学生有机会用英语与美国人交谈，很受鼓舞。”所以应用不定式完成式。如果句子用的是一般现在时are,那么选A 是对的。Whenapersonisinahappyframeofmind,hemayagreeonthethingthathewonttolerate_whenheisnotintherightframeofmind.A.doingB.todoC.doneD.tobedoneAtolerate 要求动名词做宾语,只能选A。Rec

26、entlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldRecentlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,inbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor,insimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithsimpleterms,thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstill_unablephonicandgrammarskillsstill_unabletounderst

27、andwhattheyread.tounderstandwhattheyread.A.areA.areB.tobeB.tobeC.beingC.beingD.havebeenD.havebeenC动名词being 做students 的逻辑谓语,相当于studentsbeingunabletounderstandwhattheyread。整个动名词短语做of 的宾语，所以只能选C。I_thetrainbutIoversleptthatmorning.A.couldcatchB.mightcatchC.musthavecaughtD.couldhavecaughtD这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，前半部

28、分假设，后半部分真实，因此应选couldhavecaught，意为“我本来能赶上火车的，可是那天早上我睡过头了”。区别这类含蓄虚拟条件句的关键词是but。Itisverykindofyoutodothewashing-up,butyou_it.A.mustnthavedoneB.wouldnthavedoneC.mightnthavedoneD.didnthavetodoDdidn thavetodoit“不用非得洗(碗)”，符合句意。IfyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaIfyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaperiodoftime

29、,itismostlikelythatthepersonperiodoftime,itismostlikelythatthepersonwilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradewilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradeonyour“weakness”becomeappreciativeofyouronyour“weakness”becomeappreciativeofyourkindness.kindness.A.butnotA.butnotB.letaloneB.letaloneC.ratherthanC.ra

30、therthanD.insteadofD.insteadofCratherthan 表示对比，在意思上前后形成对照：takeadvantageofyourgenerosityratherthanbecomeappreciativeofyourkindness 意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。另外，ratherthan 在结构上起并列作用，使takeadvantage 与becomeappreciative 平行。Apoetmustnotwritefortheagespast,butforinwhichhelivesandthosewhicharetofollow.A.oneB.tho

31、seC.theoneD.thatCtheone 替代theage，还原为：butmustwritefortheageinwhichhelivesandtheageswhicharetofollow。Thereisadelicatebalanceofnaturemanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairareneededtomaintainonlyarelativelyfewhumanbeings.A.whereB.inwhichC.whenD.howBinwhich 在定语从句中做状语，相当于inthebalanceofnature(manys

32、quaremilesof)。Therearecasesnewfactoriesarebeingputupandbeautifuloldtreesaregoingtobecutdownforanewfactory.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenCthat 引导case 的同位语从句，其他连接词都不合适。Somebodyinthenextroommustbeill,adoctorhasjustcomeout.A.becauseB.forC.inthatD.asBfor 连接一个原因分句，对前面的推测做原因上的解释。请考生记住：无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看，只要前面是表示推

33、测的句子，后面大都用for 连接后一句，而不用其他连词。Hewouldalwaysignorethefactofsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.A.theretobeB.therebeingC.itbeingD.therehavingbeenBtherebeing 做介词of 的宾语，如果是介词for，则用theretobe。Aconvenientwayistosetthefoodonapieceofaluminumoil,totheairforhalfanhour,andthencoveritwithadish.A.letitstayopenB.let

34、itstayedopenC.lettingitstayopenD.lettingitstayopenedC分词短语做伴随状语，形容词open 在分词短语中做补语，表示状态，不用过去分词，所以D 不正确。Theyuswillinglybutthattheyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.A.wouldhelpB.wouldhavehelpedC.weregoingtohelpD.musthavehelpedB此句是含蓄虚拟语气句，暗含的假设条件为：iftheyhadnthappenedtobeshortofhands。故应选B。Researchfindingsshowt

35、hatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatweduringtheday.A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedoneCmayhavedone“(不管我们白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。shouldhavedone“本该做(但实际未做)”;wouldhavedone 表示与过去相反的假设;musthavedone 是对已发生的情况作肯定推测。Ifyouaretocatchatrain,itisalwaysbettertobecomfortablyearlyt

36、hanevenafractionofaminutelate.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.ratherA句中toolate 相当于toolatetocatchthetrain，所以选其他词不合适。ThestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasThestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitislikelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthantheislikelytohav

37、eanautomobileaccidentthanthedriverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.driverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.A.notsoA.notsoB.notmuchB.notmuchC.nolessC.nolessD.nomoreD.nomoreDnomorethan“不比更”。此句意为：“研究表明，喝了酒但不过量的司机可能出车祸，不喝酒的司机也同样可能出车祸。”Ifsomeoneisdyingofcancerandbeggingtobeputoutofhisorhermisery,andsomeonegivesthatperson

38、adeadlydoseofmorphine,thatseemsmercifulcriminal.A.neverthelessB.otherwiseC.orelseD.ratherthanDratherthan 起并列作用，使merciful 与criminal 形成平行结构，表示对比。Whenwearrived,hefoundtheagedandthesickathome.A.nonebutB.noneotherthanC.nothingbutD.nootherthanAnonebut 相当于noonebut“只有”，通常接表示人的词;nothingbut 接表示物的词;noneotherth

39、an 和nootherthan 两者的意思都是“(不是别的)正是”，与本题全句意思不。Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.A.asB.whileC.afterD.sinceAas 在句中是关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词是precautions，其他几个选项都不是关系代词，所以是错误的。MostofisonAmericantelevisionareprogramsdesignedtoappealtopeoplewh

40、ogointothesupermarketsandbuytheproductsthatareadvertisedonTV.A.whichB.thatC.whateverD.whatDwhat 是关系代词，引导名词性从句，同时又在从句中充当一个成分，如在本句中做从句的主语，整个名词性从句做介词of 的宾语;which 只能引导形容词性从句;that 引导名词性从句时，只是连词;whatever 用在句中不通。Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanthusfar.A.hasgivenB.wasgivenC.beinggiv

41、enD.hasbeengivenD时间状语thusfar“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用，据此排除B、C。比较从句完整的结构应该是thanthethoughtwhichhasbeengiventhusfar，可以把than 看做关系代词在从句中做主语，也可以把主语看做是省略了。Ofgreatsignificancethenation-widemovementistheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnamese.A.tosupportB.forsupportingC.supportingD.of

42、supportingA题句由于主语较长，采用了倒装结构，可还原为：thenation-widemovementtosupporttheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnameseisofgreatsignificance。movement 要求不定式做定语，其他选项均不符合语法规则。Manyfarmerscametothecity,jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity.A.lookingforB.tolookforC

43、.havinglookedforD.lookedforAlookingfor 分词短语做came 的伴随状语，如果选tolookfor 做目的状语的话，不该有逗号。ItisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseItisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduateinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduatetranscriptsanddegr

44、eesdirectlytothedeanoftranscriptsanddegreesdirectlytothedeanofthegraduateschool.thegraduateschool.A.mustsendA.mustsendB.sendB.sendC.aretosendC.aretosendD.needsendD.needsendB动词request 要求其主语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用(should+)原形表示虚拟。该句中that 引导的是主语从句。YouherinherofficelastFriday;shesbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.n

45、eednthaveseenB.mighthaveseenC.musthaveseenD.canthaveseenDcan thavedone 表示对已发生的情况作否定推测“一定不是/没”，根据句意只能选D。Afterpeoplehavelearnedthatmagnetsattractthings,centuriespassed_theytooknoteofthefactthatmagnetssometimesalsorepelthings.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.sinceAbefore 应该理解成“(几百年过去了,人们)才”;如果用after 应该是aftercen

46、turiespassedtheytooknoteofthefact;如果用until,应该是theydidnttakenoteofthefactthatuntilcenturiespassed。HeisofftoParisagaintomorrow.Hetellsmethat,withthisjourney,he_thereandbacktwentytimes.A.willbeB.willhavebeenC.willgoD.willhavegoneB此句意为：“他明天去巴黎,加上这次,他就去了二十次了。”根据句意,应用将来完成时态。句中有back 一词,故D 不合适。Manywayshaveb

47、eenfound_smallandsimplemachinetoprocesslargeandcomplicatedmachineparts.A.byusingB.touseC.usingD.usedBtouse,不定式短语做way 的定语,只是因为定语太长,故将谓语前移,使句子避免头重脚轻。byusing 表示方式,做状语用;using 为动名词,不能做way 的定语,way 要求不定式做定语;used,无论从语法结构上还是从意义上都讲不通。Iwalkeddownthecorridor,myfootsteps_frighteninglythroughtheemptydesertedbuild

48、ing.A.echoingB.echoedC.toechoD.havingechoedA分词短语做伴随状语,myfootsteps 与echo的关系是主动的,因此用现在分词。另外,分词做伴随状语表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生,所以用其一般式。Apartfrompersonalpreferences,socialcontextApartfrompersonalpreferences,socialcontextalsoaffectsbothdirectlyandindirectlythealsoaffectsbothdirectlyandindirectlythemediaandthemediaco

49、ntenttowhichyoumediaandthemediacontenttowhichyoubecomeexposed.Forexample,othermembersbecomeexposed.Forexample,othermembersofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyouofthefamilyoftenselectmediacontentthatyou_,andyoubecomeexposedtoit._,andyoubecomeexposedtoit.A.wouldnothaveselectedA.wouldnothaveselected

50、B.shouldnothaveselectedB.shouldnothaveselectedC.mustnotselectC.mustnotselectD.cannothaveselectedD.cannothaveselectedAA本句意为本句意为:“:“除了个人喜好外除了个人喜好外,社会环境也会直接社会环境也会直接或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如,家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选,可是你也得使用。可是你也得使用。”句中暗含了句中暗含了“如果是你如果是你,你你就不会选就不会选”的意思的意