考研英语阅读理解.ppt

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1、考研英语阅读理解考研英语阅读理解 总论 传统阅读 选段填空 段落排序 标题匹配考研英语阅读理解总论 阅读能力 阅读速度Components of Reading Abilities张Andy OUTLINE1.What do you rely on to achieve comprehension?2.What stand in the way of comprehension?3.What are components of reading abilities?Two Excerpts 冻合玉楼寒起粟，光摇银海眩生花。He was terribly,tragically sad.His fa

2、mily,friends and minister gathered around his bed.They were all deeply sad too.Only his therapist and his accountant remained happy.(P65)What do you depend on to achieve comprehension?Difficulties1.Fish fish fish.2.Forbidden fruit is sweet.3.The mirror told me a story.4.They can fish here.5.Apart fr

3、om complementary distribution,a phoneme may sometimes have free variants.6.He turned on the light.He helped Carla to her feet and took hold of the ghost.(P71)我是胖人，不是粗人。狂奔的蜗牛。令堂可是令尊表姐？咬死了猎人的狗。除了互补分布之外，音位有时可能也有自由变体。Components1.Word Recognition2.Syntactic Parsing3.Semantic Construction4.Text Model5.Sit

4、uation Model6.Background Knowledge7.Working Memory8.Executive Control1.Word Recognition The most fundamental requirement for fluent reading comprehension is and word recognition.Four to five words per second Unconsciously and cannot be suppressedRapidity and automaticity apply as well to the other 7

5、 processes.automaticrapid2.Syntactic ParsingF There are things you would love to hear that you would never hear from the person whom you would like to hear them from;but do not be so deaf as not to hear it from the one who says it from his heart.How do you analyze the following sentence?3.Semantic C

6、onstruction A third basic process that starts up automatically as we begin any reading task is the process of combining word meanings and structural information into basic clause-level meaning units.F They can fish here.4.Text Model The text model of comprehension is a set of main ideas that the rea

7、der develops.It amounts to an internal summary of main ideas.5.Situation Model Almost immediately the reader will begin to interpret the information from the text in terms of his or her own goals,feelings and background expectations.This explains the existence of different interpretations of a singl

8、e text.An example：The Road Not Taken5.Situation ModelTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler,long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better clai

9、m,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall

10、be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,and I-I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.6.Background Knowledge As the reader transforms information from clause-level meaning units to the text model of comprehension and then to

11、 the elaborated situation model of reader interpretation,background knowledge takes on the most importance(in inferring).Refer to the previous examples7.Working Memory Working memory keeps information active for one or two seconds while it carries out the appropriate processes.If processing of activ

12、e information is not done quickly enough,the information fades away and must be reactivated,taking more resources and making the reading process inefficient.8.Executive Control Text Model and Situation Model construction require the abilities to oversee,or monitor,comprehension,use strategies as nee

13、ded,reassess and reestablish goals,and repair comprehension problems.Increasing Reading Speed张Andy OUTLINE1.What is an adequate speed?2.How fast do you read?3.What affect reading speed?4.How to improve reading speed?1.What is an adequate speed?ScanningSkimmingRaudingLearningMemorizingFor specific in

14、fo.For the gistRepresentativeFor knowledgeFor facts/data600 wpm450 wpm300 wpm200 wpm130 wpm(Carver,1990)Syllabus0 8 2 4 6LearningSpeed NA60NA70-1201000/5120-180 140-1801300/5NA1600/5Level1.What is an adequate speed?2.How fast do you read?Sailing Round the World Before he sailed round the world singl

15、e-handed,Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times.He had tried to fly round the world but failed.That was in 1931.The years passed.He gave up flying and began sailing.He enjoyed it greatly.Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing

16、race.His old dream of going round the world came back,but this time he would sail.His friends and doctors did not think he could do it,as he had lung cancer.But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan.In August,1963,at the age of nearly sixty-five,an age when many men retire,he began the gre

17、atest voyage of his life.Soon,he was away in this new 16-metre boat,Gipsy Moth.TEST3.What affect reading speed?Reading Habits Reading Teaching Reading Skills Reading Materials Reading Abilities Reading Purposes4.How to improve reading speed?Reading Habits Reading Teaching Reading Skills Reading Mate

18、rials Reading Abilities Reading PurposesA Improve HabitsA Reform TeachingA Develop SkillsA Select MaterialsA Strengthen AbilitiesA Be Purposeful,Flexible4.How to improve reading speed?C Self-paced readingC Faster reading C Repeated readingC Reading SoftwareThe increase of reading speed demands a con

19、scious speed training(with a regular record).B Suggested Activities考研英语传统阅读理解 命题形式 整体分析 考点分析 应试准备 问题类型 解题步骤考研英语传统阅读理解命题形式F 该部分由A、B、C 三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。F A 节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）（2012：429+157+441+164+440+167+435+166=174

20、5+654=2399，2011：2316）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。详见大纲解读考研英语传统阅读理解整体分析F 来源：The Economist、Time、Newsweek 等F 题材：生活、经济、文化、教育、科学等F 体裁：议论文、说明文等F 字数：平均425+160F 题型：从局部的词义等到整体的主旨等考研英语传统阅读理解考点 词汇 词义关系：近义、反义、多义、上下义；惯用语 语法 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句 结构 常见句型、句际联系、段落关系、篇章结构考研英语传统阅读理解应试准备F 词汇A 丰富词汇数量+质量（搭配、多义、构词）F 语法A 系统复习、查缺

21、补漏F 结构A 积累常见句式、熟悉文章结构F 阅读F 提高阅读速度（学会应付生词）考研英语传统阅读理解题型 具体信息、推理引申、主旨要义、观点态度、语义理解、篇章结构 is mentioned to suggest that By citing,the author intends to show The author quotes the example to show What does the author intend to illustrate with In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by Georg

22、e Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to 考研英语传统阅读理解题型 2011 年真题问题 21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has 22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is 23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers 24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?25.Re

23、garding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feels考研英语传统阅读理解题型 2011 年真题问题 26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being 27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred by 28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probabl

24、y means 29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that 30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?考研英语传统阅读理解题型 2011 年真题问题 31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are 32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature 33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media 34.To

25、yota Motors experience is cited as an example of 35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?考研英语传统阅读理解题型 2011 年真题问题 36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that 38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks 39.According

26、to Paragraph 4,the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is 40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?解题步骤C 通读全文、了解大意C 依次做题、逐段推理C 时间允许、难题重读考研英语阅读理解B 节 命题形式 整体分析 考点分析 应试准备 解题步骤考研英语阅读理解B 节命题形式F B 节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。F 1）选段填空：

27、本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500 600（2012：395+243=638）词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有67 段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这67 段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。详见大纲解读考研英语阅读理解B 节命题形式F 2）段落排序：在一篇长度约500600（2010：626，2011：575）词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（78 个）重新排序，其中有23（2010：1，2011：2）个段落在文章中的位置已给出。F 3）标题搭配：在一篇长度为500词的文章前或后有67 段文字或67 个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对

28、文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这67 个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。详见大纲解读考研英语阅读理解B 节整体分析年份 题型 题材 结构模式字数（主干/备选）2012选段填空 网络消费现象-分析 395/2432011段落排序 人文学科现象-分析 5752010段落排序 食品零售现象-分析 6262009选段填空 文化理论概括-具体 292/2302008选段填空 首稿写作问题-解决 353/3222007标题匹配 家庭教育概括-具体 534/522006选段填空 赌博危害现象-分析 524/2352005选段填空 医疗成本问题-解决 362/287考研英语阅读理解B 节考点分析 衔接 指称、替代、连接词、词义关系 结构 段落大意、主题思想、篇章结构 语法 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句考研英语阅读理解B 节应试准备F 结构A 概括总结、分析结构、理清思路F 词汇A 注意词汇衔接手段（词义关系）F 语法A 系统复习、查缺补漏考研英语阅读理解B 节解题步骤F 选段填空A（首段）选项正文核查F 段落排序A 逐段阅读首段/末段/已知段核查F 标题匹配A（首段）选项正文核查