大学英语精读第一册UnitSi.ppt
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1、Unit SixSam Adams,Industrial Engineerwhatsoever:a.=of any kind,at all 任何的,丝毫的n 它用在含否定词或any 的句中,放在n.后面,表示“任何的(=at all)”,语气比whatever 强。n E.g.n Is there any chance whatsoever?n(有一点可能性吗?)dull:a.(of color or surface)not bright or clear(指色彩、表面)不鲜明的,发灰的,阴暗的,暗淡的n 另外,修饰颜色的其它词,如:n bright=(of a color)strong,cl
2、ear and easily seen(色彩)明亮的,清晰的n dark=(of color)tending towards black(色彩)深n light=(of color)not deep of dark(色彩)浅n E.g.n dull gray(暗灰)dull color(暗淡的色彩)n bright gray(明快的灰色)bright color(明亮的色彩)n dark gray(深灰色)dark color(深色)n light gray(浅灰色)light color(浅色)find out=learn to discover 查明,发现(尤指坏事)n E.g.n You
3、 may get away with dishonesty for a while,but you will be found out sooner or later.n(不诚实只能蒙蔽一时,迟早会被发现的.)n Jenny was angry when her boyfriend found out her secrets.n(珍妮在她男朋友发现她的秘密后,非常生气.)turn out=happen to be or found to be in the end 结果是,证明是n E.g.n Our plan turned out not quite successful as expect
4、ed.n(结果,我们的计划没有像期望的那么成功.)n His statement turned out to be false.n(最后证实他的话是错的。)n It turned out that he was Jims father.n(结果,他就是吉姆的父亲.)as a result vs as a result ofn as a result=because of 作为结果,因此n E.g.n Tom didnt study hard,as a result,he failed to pass the exam.n as a result of=because of,owning to
5、由于n E.g.n He is unable to go to school as a result of the fall from his motorbike.辨析:expect for 与 exceptn 1.except for:是“除了”;引出一个与述说的主要意思相反的原因或细节,从而部分地修正句中所述的主要意思.n E.g.n Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.n(你的作文很好,只是有几个拼写错误而已.)n Except for its high cost,this type of mac
6、hine would be very suitable.n(这种机器非常合适,只是价格贵了些.)n 2.except:也是“除了”;它用来表示从整体中排除其中的一部分,其后可接名词或从句.E.g.n He answered all the questions except(for)the last one.n(除了最后一个问题,所有的问题他都回答了.)I couldnt do anything except just sit there and hope.(我除了干坐在那儿盼望外,无事可干.)He has always been in good health except that he ha
7、s had a slight headache in the past few days.(除了在过去几天里稍有点头痛之外,他身体一直很好.)n 3.except for 还可以表示“如果不是由于”;等于but for.E.g.n Except for your help,I would not have finished the task.n(要不是因为你的帮助,我是不可能完成这项工作的.)n 还需注意的是:当except 位于句首时,须用except for 代替.E.g.n Except for John,everyone was present.n(除约翰外,所有的人都出席了.)hol
8、d up:(often used in passive voice)delay,get in ones way 延迟,耽搁,阻碍n We are held up for 5 minutes in a traffic jam.n(我被一场交通阻塞耽误了5 分钟。)n The steel strike may hold up the production of cars for several months.n(钢铁工人罢工,可能会使汽车生产停滞好几个月。)result in vs result fromn 1.result in=have as a result,cause“结果是,导致;造成,
9、引起”.它表示由某事造成的结果。n E.g.n Smoking too much often results in lung cancer and many other diseases.n Lack of population control can result in poverty.n(不进行人口控制会造成贫穷。)n 2.result from=be caused by,to happen as an effect or result“起因于”,“由(原因)产生”;用来表示事物产生的根源。E.g.n His success results from hard work.n(他的成功是他努
10、力工作的结果。)n His illness resulted from excessive work.n(他的疾病是由过度劳累引起的。)Talk over=discuss,discuss fully 商量,讨论;详谈n E.g.n The teacher would like to talk over this problem next class.n(老师将在下节课讨论这个问题。)n He talked over the matter with his wife before making a decision.n(在作出决定前,他和他妻子就这件事详谈了一下.)keep up with=go
11、 or move as fast as,go forward at an equal pace with 跟上,紧跟n E.g.n We should keep up with the times.n(我们应紧跟时代潮流。)n They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.n(爬山时,他们跟不上我们。)Background Knowledgen 美国的教育体系:n 美国文化教育的高水平也决定了美国在世界科技方面的领先地位。在美国人看来,每个人都应该有机会接受最好的教育,以发展个人的天赋与能力。从19 世纪早期开始,这种义
12、务教育的理想便不断得到群众的支持。许多政教界的领导人物指出,美国的繁荣与强大,事实上是得力于教育之普及。n 中、小学教育主要是由各州教育委员会和地方政府管理,多数州实行十年义务教育。各州学制不一,大部分为小学六年、初中三年、高中三年。美国的学校有公立和私立两种,公立学校由政府税收支持,学生免费入学;私立学校多由教会支持,也包括那些合乎相当学院基础的私立学校。在初中阶段,约有10%的人就读于私立或教会学校。在高中阶段,同样约有10%的人就读于私立或教会学校读书。约有20%的大学生是读私立学校或教会学校。Background Knowledgen 美国的学校按年龄阶段分为以下五类:1.幼儿园(ki
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