大学综合英语3unit4.ppt

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1、However friendly the universe may be,it has left the conditions of human existence precariously balanced.no matter howmeans unsteadilyNo matter how friendly the universe becomes,it has made the condition of human existence get more and more unbalanced.however1.adv.(副词)不管到什么程度,无论如何 whatever degree 然而

2、,可是,不过 in spite of this 2.conj.(连词)不管怎样 in whatever way 1.However sly a fox may be,it is no match for a good hunter.You should always strive to achieve more,however well you have done before.However we adopt healthcare reform,it isnt going to save major amounts of money.狐狸再狡猾也架不住好猎手。无论之前取得何等辉煌的成就，都应

3、该不断努力进取。不管我们采取何种医疗改革措施，都省不下太多钱。For example:1.用作副词(1)表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however 其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。eg.Phone me when you arrive,however late it is.你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。However much he eats,he never gets fat.不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。However cold it is,he always goes swi

4、mming.不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。You wont move the stone,however strong you are.不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。However far it is,l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：1.这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：People always want more,however no matter how rich they are.人总是富了还想再富。However No matter how ha

5、rd I worked,she was never satisfied.无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。2.有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Dont laugh,however funny it may be.无论多么有趣也不要笑。Ill try to finish it in time,however hard it may be.无论多么难，我也要按时完成。3.“however 形容词或副词主语谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：I refuse,however favorable the conditions.不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions 后省去了are)Id rath

6、er have a room of my own,however small(it is),than share a room.无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。A grammar rule,however true(it is),is useless unless it can be understood.一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。(2)表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：My father,however,did not agree.但是，

7、我父亲不同意。My room is small;however,its comfortable.我的房间很小，但却很舒服。He said that it was so;he was mistaken,however.他说情况如此，可是他错了。注：however 不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。误：We all tried our best,however we lost the game.正：We all tried our best,but we lost the game.正：We all tried our

8、 best;however,we lost the game.正：We all tried our best.However,we lost the game.(3)表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever 的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：However did you get here without a car?没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?2.用作连词 用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如：However it may be,I shall take your word.无论如何，我将会相信你的话。However I approached the

9、 problem,I couldnt find a solution.这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。However you travel,itll take you at least two days.无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。The painting looks wrong however you look at it.这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。Wh-+ever 与no matter+wh-的意思相同，即：无论.,不管.;Eg.whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever,wherever;2.wh-+ever 的语法功能：可引导主语，宾语和状语从句；从

10、句用陈述语序；引导状语从句时要用一般时表将来；Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the light.(whoever=anyone who)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(whatever=anything that)Whomever you marry,make sure she can cook.(做让步状语，whomever=no matter whom)However late he is,mother will wa

11、it for him to have dinner together.Whenever we found an unknown plant,we have to describe it in our notebooks.(做 时间状语,whenever=no matter when)No matter+wh-的语法功能:no matter+wh-是连接词,只能引导让步状语从句,从句置于主句前后均可.Eg.1.No mattr what he is wearing,Tod,just show him the cheapest.2.No matter how far away you are,yo

12、u are always in our thoughts.3.No matter where you go,you will find Coca-Cola.注意:no matter+wh-有时 也可用于句尾而没有动词跟在后面.Eg.I will always help you,no matter what(happens).Wh-+ever 与no matter+wh-的转换:两者的意思相同,且都可引导让步状语从句,因此,在引导让步状语从句时,两者可互换.Eg:whatever(=no matter what)you say,I wont believe you.You can take it

13、 with you wherever(=no matter where)you go.注意:当wh-+ever 引导主语从句,宾语从句时,不可与no matter+wh-互换 precariously1.dangerously,insecurely 危险地,不安全地;2.Unsteadily 不稳固地;1.The hotel was perched precariously on a steep hillside.2.He balanced precariously on the narrow window-ledge.3.The economy is precariously close t

14、o recession.4.They live precariously on the income from a few small investment.旅店立在陡峭的山坡上状似摇摇欲坠.他在狭窄的窗台上很难保持平衡。经济濒于衰退的边缘。他们依靠些微投资中的收入,过着朝不保夕的生活。Example:left the condition of human existence precariously balanced.leave sth done/adj/prep.phrase让某事处于的状态;Eg.1.Please excuse me if I have left any of your

15、questions unanswered.2.His illness has left him weak.3.I was left with a ray of hope.Example:leave sb to do sth 让某人做某事Eg.We left him to paint the gate.Ill leave you to settle all the business.leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态Eg.We left him painting the gate.使役性动词:causative verb1.Make/have/let+sb+do sth 使某人做某事2.get/set/leave+sb to do/doing sth 让某人做某事/使某人继续处于某种状态中