轴承常见失效形式ppt课件.ppt

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1、Trouble Shooting轴承故障检修BearingLoad/Contact Patterns负荷/接触痕迹 Typical Running Traces of Deep Groove Ball Bearings深沟球轴承的典型运行痕迹(a)shows the most common running trace generated when the inner ring rotates under a radial load only.（e）所示为轴承内圈旋转仅受径向负荷时最常见的正常运行痕迹。(e)through(h)show different running traces that

2、 result in a shortened life due to their adverse effect on bearings.（e）（h）所示的轴承运行痕迹是由于轴承遭受不良影响所致，这类情况往往会导致轴承实际使用寿命的降低。(a)(b)(c)(d)Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Radialload 径向负荷Outerringrotation 外圈旋转Radialload 径向负荷Innerringorouterringrotation 内圈或外圈旋转Axialloadinonedirection单向轴向负荷Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Radialand

3、axialloads轴向及径向复合负荷(e)(f)(g)(h)Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Axialloadandmisalignment轴向负荷及不对中Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Momentload 瞬间冲击负荷(Misalignment)（不对中）Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Housingboreisoval椭圆形轴承箱孔Innerringrotation 内圈旋转Noradialinternalclearance无径向游隙（负运行游隙）(Negativeoperatingclearance)Click on a picture to en

4、large itTypical Running Traces of Roller Bearings滚子轴承的典型运行痕迹(i)shows the outer ring running trace when a radial load is properly applied to a cylindrical roller bearing which has a load on a rotating inner ring.(j)shows the running trace in the case of shaft bending or relative inclination between t

5、he inner and outer rings.This misalignment leads to the generation of slightly shaded(dull)bands in the width direction.Traces are diagonal at the beginning and end of the loading zone.For double-row tapered roller bearings where a single load is applied to the rotating inner ring,(k)shows the runni

6、ng trace on the outer ring under radial load while(I)shows the running trace on the outer ring under axial load.When misalignment exists between the inner and the outer rings,then the application of a radial load causes running traces to appear on the outer ring as shown in(m).(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)Innerri

7、ngrotation内圈旋转Radialload径向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Momentload冲击负荷(Misalignment)不对中Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialload径向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Axialload轴向负荷Innerringrotation内圈旋转Radialandmomentloads 径向及冲击负荷(Misalignment)不对中Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Types&Causes轴承损伤类型及其原因 Damage Types&Causes轴承损伤

8、类型及其原因 In general,if rolling bearings are used correctly,they will survive to their predicted fatigue life.Bearings,however,often fail prematurely due to avoidable mistakes.The causes of,this premature failure include improper mounting,mishandling,poor lubrication,entry of foreign matter or abnormal

9、 heat generation.For example,one cause of premature failure is rib Scoring which is due to insufficient lubrication,use of improper lubricant,faulty lubrication system,entry of foreign matter,bearing mounting error,excessive deflection of the shaft or some combination of these.If all conditions are

10、known for the times both before and after the failure,including the application,the operating conditions,and environment,then a countermeasure can be determined by studying the nature of the failure and its probable causes.A successful countermeasure will reduce similar failures or prevent them from

11、 happening again.Examples of bearing damage and countermeasures are presented in the following sections.Please consult these sections when trying to determine the cause of bearing damage.Damage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresFlaking occurs when small pieces of bearing material are split of

12、f from the smooth surface of the raceway or rolling elements due to rolling fatigue,thereby creating regions having rough and coarse texture.Excessive load;Poor mounting(misalignment);Moment load;Entry of foreign debris,water penetration;Poor lubrication,improper lubricant;Unsuitable bearing clearan

13、ce;Improper precision for shaft or housing,unevenness in housing rigidity,large shaft bending;Progression from rust,corrosion pits,Smearing,dents(brinelling)Reconfirm the bearing application and check the load conditions Improve the mounting method Improve the sealing mechanism,prevent rusting durin

14、g non-running Use a lubricant with a proper viscosity,improve the lubrication method Check the precision of shaft and housing Check the bearing internal clearance Flaking 剥落Photo1-1Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FlakingaroundhalfofthecircumferenceoftheracewaysurfaceCause:Poorlubr

15、icationduetoentryofcuttingcoolantintobearingPhoto1-2Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FlakingdiagonallyalongracewayCause:PooralignmentbetweenshaftandhousingduringmountingPhoto1-3Part:InnerringofdeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:FlakingofracewayatballpitchCause:Dentsduetoshockloadduringmo

16、untingPhoto1-4Part:InnerringofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:FlakingofracewayatballpitchCause:DentsduetoshockloadwhilestationaryPhoto1-5Part:OuterringofPhoto1-4Symptom:FlakingofracewaysurfaceatballpitchCause:DentsduetoshockloadwhilestationaryPhoto1-6Part:BallsofPhoto1-4Symptom:Flakingofballsurfa

17、ceCause:DentsduetoshockloadwhilestationaryPhoto1-7Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:FlakingofonlyoneracewayoveritsentirecircumferenceCause:ExcessiveaxialloadPhoto1-8Part:OuterringofPhoto1-7Symptom:FlakingofonlyoneracewayoveritsentirecircumferenceCause:ExcessiveaxialloadPhoto1-9Part:Inne

18、rringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:FlakingofonlyonerowofracewayCause:PoorlubricationPhoto1-10Part:RollersofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:PrematureFlakingoccursaxiallyontherollingsurfacesCause:ScratchescausedduringimpropermountingFlaking 剥落Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condition Possib

19、le Causes CountermeasuresDullorcloudyspotsappearonsurfacealongwithlightWear.Fromsuchdullspots,tinyCracksaregenerateddownwardtoadepthof5-10 祄.SmallparticlesfalloffandminorFlakingoccurswidely.UnsuitablelubricantEntryofdebrisintolubricationRoughsurfaceduetopoorlubricationSurfaceroughnessofmatingrolling

20、partsSelectaproperlubricantImprovethesealingmechanismImprovethesurfacefinishoftherollingmatingpartsPhoto2-1 Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:RoundedareasofPeelingCause:PoorlubricationPhoto2-2Part:EnlargementofPhoto2-1Photo2-3Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto2-1Symptom:RoundedareasofPeelingonth

21、ecenteroftherollingsurfacesCause:PoorlubricationPhoto2-4Part:OuterringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:PeelingoccursneartheshoulderoftheracewayovertheentirecircumferenceCause:PoorlubricationPeeling 剥皮Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresScoringissurfacedama

22、geduetoaccumulatedsmallseizurescausedbyslidingunderimproperlubricationorsevereoperatingconditions.Lineardamageappearscircumferentiallyontheracewayandrollersurfaces.CycloidalshapeddamageontherollerendsandScoringontheribsurfacecontactingrollerendsalsooccur.Excessiveload,excessivepreloadPoorlubrication

23、ParticlesarecaughtinthesurfaceInclinationofinnerandouterringsShaftbendingPoorprecisionoftheshaftandhousingCheckthesizeoftheloadAdjustthepreloadImprovethelubricantandthelubricationmethodChecktheprecisionoftheshaftandhousingScoring 擦伤Photo3-1Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:Scoringonlarg

24、eribfaceofinnerringCause:RollerslippageduetosuddenaccelerationanddecelerationPhoto3-2Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto3-1Symptom:ScoringonrollerendfacesCause:RollerslippageduetosuddenaccelerationanddecelerationPhoto3-1Part:InnerringofataperedrollerthrustbearingSymptom:ScoringonthefaceofinnerringribCause:Wor

25、nparticlesmixedwithlubricant,andbreakdownofoilfilmduetoexcessiveloadPhoto3-2Part:Rollersofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:Scoring.ontherollerendfacesCause:PoorlubricationandexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-1Part:InnerringofasphericalthrustrollerbearingSymptom:ScoringontheribfaceofinnerringCause:D

26、ebriscaughtinsurface,andexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-2Part:ConvexrollersofPhoto3-5Symptom:Scoring.ontherollerendfacesCause:Debriscaughtinsurface,andexcessiveaxialloadPhoto3-1 Part:CageofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:Scoringonthepressed-steelcagepocketsCause:EntryofdebrisScoring 擦伤Click on a picture to e

27、nlarge itDamage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresSmearingissurfacedamagewhichoccursfromacollectionofsmallseizuresbetweenbearingcomponentscausedbyoilfilmruptureand/orsliding.Surfacerougheningoccursalongwithmelting.HighspeedandlightloadSuddenacceleration/decelerationImproperlubricantEntryofwat

28、er Improvethepreload Improvethebearingclearance Usealubricantwithgoodoilfilmformationability ImprovethesealingmechanismSmearing 污损Photo4-1Part:InnerringofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:RollerslippageduetoexcessivegreasequantityPhoto4-2Part:Outerring

29、ofPhoto4-1Symptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:RollerslippageduetoexcessivegreasequantityPhoto4-3Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:SmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-4Part:OuterringofPhoto4-3Symptom:Smearingaroundcircumferenceofrac

30、ewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-5Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:PartialSmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-6Part:OuterringofPhoto4-5Symptom:PartialSmearingaroundcircumferenceofracewaysurfaceCause:PoorlubricationPhoto4-7Part:ConvexrollersofPho

31、to4-5Symptom:SmearingofrollingsurfacesCause:PoorlubricationSmearing 污损Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresFracturereferstosmallpieceswhichwerebrokenoffduetoexcessiveloadorshockloadactinglocallyonarollercornerorribofaracewayring.ImpactduringmountingExcessiv

32、eloadPoorhandlingsuchasdroppingImprovethemountingmethod(shrinkfit,useofpropertools)ReconsidertheloadconditionsProvideenoughback-upandsupportforthebearingribPhoto5-1Part:Innerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:ChippingofthecenterribCause:ExcessiveloadduringmountingPhoto5-2Part:Innerring

33、ofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:FractureoftheconebackfaceribCause:LargeshockduringmountingPhoto5-3Part:InnerringofasphericalthrustrollerbearingSymptom:FractureofthelargeribCause:RepeatedshockloadPhoto5-4Part:OuterringofasolidtypeneedlerollerbearingSymptom:FractureoftheouterringribCause:Rollerinclinat

34、ionduetoexcessiveloading(Needlerollersarelongcomparedtotheirdiameter.Underexcessiveorunevenloading,rollersbecomeinclinedandpushagainsttheribs.)Fracture 破裂Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresCracksintheracewayringandrollingelements.Continueduseunderthiscond

35、itionleadstolargerCracksorFractures.ExcessiveinterferenceExcessiveload,shockloadProgressionofFlakingHeatgenerationandFrettingcausedbycontactbetweenmountingpartsandracewayringHeatgenerationduetoCreepPoortaperangleoftaperedshaftPoorcylindricalityofshaftInterferencewithbearingchamferduetoalargeshaftcor

36、nerradius Correcttheinterference Checktheloadconditions Improvethemountingmethod UseanappropriateshaftshapeCracks 龟裂Photo6-1Part:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:RoundedareasofPeelingCause:PoorlubricationPhoto6-2Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:ThermalCracksontheou

37、terringsidefaceCause:AbnormalheatgenerationduetocontactslidingbetweenmatingpartandfaceofouterringPhoto6-3Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingSymptoms:CrackspropagatedoutwardintheaxialandcircumferentialdirectionsfromtheFlakingoriginontheracewaysurfaceCause:FlakingfromaflawduetoshockPho

38、to6-4Part:Outerringofadouble-rowcylindricalrollerbearingusedforouterringrolling(Outerringrotation)Symptom:CracksonoutsidesurfaceCause:FlatWearandheatgenerationduetonon-rotationoftheouterringPhoto6-5Part:RacewaysurfaceofouterringinPhoto6-4Symptom:OutsidesurfacecrackpropagatingtotheracewayPhoto6-6Part

39、:InnerringofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:AxialCracksonracewaysurfaceCause:LargefittingstressduetotemperaturedifferencebetweenshaftandinnerringPhoto6-7Part:CrosssectionofcrackedinnerringinPhoto6-6Symptom:OriginisdirectlybeneaththeracewaysurfacePhoto6-8Part:RollerofasphericalrollerbearingSymptom:Axi

40、alCracksonrollingsurfaceCracks 龟裂Click on a picture to enlarge itDamage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresCagedamageincludes:Cagedeformation,FractureandWearFractureofcagepillarsDeformationofsidefaceWearofpocketsurfaceWearofguidesurfacePoormounting(Bearingmisalignment)PoorhandlingLargemomentlo

41、adShockandlargevibrationExcessiverotationspeed,suddenaccelerationanddecelerationPoorlubricationTemperaturerise Checkthemountingmethod Checkthetemperature,rotationandloadconditions Reducethevibration UseanappropriateshaftshapeSelectadifferentcagetype Selectadifferentlubricationmethodand/orlubricantCa

42、ge Damage 保持架损坏Photo7-1Part:CageofadeepgrooveballbearingSymptom:Fractureofpressed-steelcagepocketPhoto7-2Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:PocketpillarFracturesofacastironmachinedcageCause:AbnormalloadactiononcageduetomisalignedmountingbetweeninnerandouterringsPhoto7-3Part:Cageofanangula

43、rcontactballbearingSymptom:Fractureofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscagePhoto7-4Part:CageofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:PillarFracturesofpressed-steelcagePhoto7-5Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:Pressed-steelcagedeformationCause:ShockloadduetopoorhandlingPhoto7-6Part:Cageofacylindricalrollerb

44、earingSymptom:Deformationofthesidefaceofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscageCause:LargeshockduringmountingPhoto7-7Part:CageofacylindricalrollerbearingSymptom:DeformationandWearofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscagePhoto7-8Part:CageofanangularcontactballbearingSymptom:SteppedWearontheoutsidesurfaceandpocketsurface

45、ofmachinedhigh-tensionbrasscageCage DamageCage Damage 保持架损坏Click on a picture to enlarge itDenting 压痕Damage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresWhendebrissuchassmallmetallicparticlesarecaughtintherollingcontactzone,Dentingoccursontheracewaysurfaceorrollingelementsurface.Dentingcanoccurattheroll

46、ingelementpitchintervalifthereisashockduringthemounting(brinelldents).DebrissuchasmetallicparticlesarecaughtinthesurfaceExcessiveloadShockduringtransportormountingCleanthehousingImprovethesealingmechanismFilterthelubricationoilImprovethemountingandhandlingmethodsDenting 压痕Photo8-1Part:Innerringofado

47、uble-rowtaperedrollerbearingSymptom:FrostedracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-2Part:Outerringofadouble-rowtaperedrollerbearingSymptom:IndentationsonracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-3Part:InnerringofataperedrollerbearingSymptom:Smallandlargeindentationsoccuroverentir

48、eracewaysurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfacePhoto8-4Part:TaperedrollersofPhoto8-3Symptom:SmallandlargeindentationsoccurovertherollingsurfaceCause:DebriscaughtinthesurfaceClick on a picture to enlarge itPitting 蚀损斑 Damage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresPittinghasadulllusterandappearsonther

49、ollingelementsurfaceorracewaysurface.DebrisbecomescaughtinthelubricantExposuretomoistureinPoorlubricationImprovethesealingmechanismFilterthelubricationoilthoroughlyUseaproperlubricantPhoto9-1Part:OuterringofaslewingbearingSymptom:PittingontheracewaysurfaceCause:RustPhoto9-2Part:BallofPhoto9-1Symptom

50、:PittingontherollingelementsurfaceClick on a picture to enlarge itWear 磨损 Damage Condition Possible Causes CountermeasuresWearissurfacedeteriorationduetoslidingfrictionatthesurfaceoftheraceway,rollingelements,rollerendfaces,ribface,cagepockets,etc.EntryofdebrisProgressionfromrustandelectricalcorrosi