2023年第四讲.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 第四讲 形容词和副词 初中知识回顾 知识回顾 一、形容词的常见用法 1、形容词作定语 形容词作定语时常放在被修饰的名词前，当形容词修饰 something，anything，nothing 等复合不定代词时，需放在其后。2、形容词作表语 放在系动词后作表语，常见的形容词有：afraid，alone，asleep，awake，alive，well，ill，frightened。3、形容词作宾语补足语 形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人的状态。二、多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)+描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色)+

2、国籍、地区十材料性质十类别、目的十名词。温馨提示 可借助英国广播公司（BBC）提出的“OPSHACOM”方法记忆。OPSHACOM 的含义如下：OP-opinion评述性词。如 beautiful,expensive,terrible,lovely,silly,ugly等。SH-size&shape 表示大小及形状的词。如 long，short，round，square 等。A-age 表示新旧的词。如 new，old 等。C-colour 表示顔色的词。如 red，black，purple，brown，yellow 等。O-origin表示产地的词。如 Italian，Canadian，Sp

3、anish 等。M-material表示材料的词。如 leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic 等。按此顺序，“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克”可表达为“a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket”。理论上一个名词前可有 9 个形容词，但实际语言材料中一般不超过 5 个。掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词的顺序问题。三、副词的基本用法 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中可以作状语、表语、宾语补足语。学习必备 欢迎下载 四、副词的分类 名称 例 词 在句子中的位置 例句 时间副词 today,ea

4、rly,soon,now then,recently,still 时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾 He will be back tomorrow.Yesterday we all went to the park.连接副词 therefore,however,besides,otherwise,how when,where,why 连接句子，引导从句或与不定式连用 Thats why its on the news.Do you know how to operate the machine?地点副词 somewhere,here,there,downstairs 地

5、点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后 The children are playing downstairs.Here people are practicing speaking English.程度副词 very much,enough,quite,almost,rather 常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当 very 修饰动词时，常与 much 连用并置于句末，enough 修饰形容词或副词时后置 Tom is old enough to go to school.方式副词 well,fast,carefully,slowly

6、,quickly 常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后 Everything goes well.The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly.频度副词 a1ways,often,never,usually,hardly,seldom(很少)常放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动 词、情 态 动 词 之 后。其 中 sometimes 也常置于句首 I often go out for a walk after supper.She is seldom out on Sundays.疑问副词 how,when,where,why 主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首 Why w

7、ere you late for our meeting last night?关系副词 when ,where ,why 用来引导定语从句 We visited the house where he lived ten years ago.I never forget the day when I joined the Party.五、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1、规则变化：分类 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 单音节词在词尾加 -er，est small smaller smallest 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单音节词，只加-r，-st nice ni

8、cer nicest 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -er，-est thin thinner thinnest 少数以 er，ow 结尾的双音节词，末尾也加-er，-est clever,narrow cleverer,narrower cleverest,narrowest 部分双音节词和多音节词 在前面加 more 和 most popular more popular most popular 有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般

9、不超过个掌握了本方法可基学习必备 欢迎下载 2.不规则变化：原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best Bad(ly)/ill worse worst many/much more most 1ittle less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 典例分析【例 1】People have always been about exactly how life on earth began.A.curious B.excited C.anxious D.care

10、ful 解析：句意为人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词 about 后面宾语从句的意思，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about.对感到好奇。答案:A【巩固训练】1.Lindas father hates waiting in long lines.1think he 与 just not very 。A.patient B.talented C.popular D.powerful【例 2】-Its one of the things in the world to stay with friends.-I agree.It always makes us rela

11、xed.A.worst B.happiest C.busiest D.hardest 解析：句意为“和朋友们待在一起是世界上最快乐的事情之一。”“我同意，这总能使我们放松。”由答语中的关键词 relaxed 可知 B 项最符合句意。【巩固训练】2.Debbie is growing fast.She is even than her mother.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallest 衔接要点展示 初中阶段 高中阶段 1、形容词、副词的词义辨析 2、比较级和最高级的基本用法 1、形容词、副词的特殊用法 2、形容词、副词的比较级的特殊用法 3、正确运用分

12、词形容词 4、形容词作状语的用法 有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般不超过个掌握了本方法可基学习必备 欢迎下载 高中知识预学 预学新知 一、比较等级的几种常用句型结构 类型 结构 意义 例句 A=B as 十原级十 as 与一样 She is as tall as her mother.A#B not as/so+原级+as 不及 The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.less 十原级十 than 不及

13、He thinks English is less important than Chinese.AB 或AB 比较级+than 比 My brother runs much fast than I.表示程度的递增 比较级+and+比较级 越来越 She is becoming more and more beautiful.两种情况同时变化 the+比较级，the+比较级 越越 The older I get,the happier I feel.三者以上 the+最高级+范围 最 Lucy dances best of all in our school.二、形容词作状语 形容词作状语，表

14、示意义上的增补，和句子主语有逻辑上的主谓关系。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了 7 天。三、分词形容词的意义差别 -ing形容词表示令人的，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物，如 surprising令人惊讶的，exciting令人兴奋的，interesting有趣的等。-ed 形容词表示感到的，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于sb.十 be 十-ed 形容词+介词结构，如 surprised感到惊讶的，excited感到兴奋的，interested

15、感兴趣的等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。四、几个常用副词的用法区别 1、how long/how soon/how often/how far how long 多久，多长时间，对持续的时间段提问，常用for+时间段和“since 十时间点”回答。how soon 多快，多久以后，对短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用in+时间有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般不超过

16、个掌握了本方法可基学习必备 欢迎下载 段回答。how often 多长时间一次，对频率提问，常用once/twice/three.ti 中 es a.回答。how far 多远，对距离提问。2、much too/too much much too非常，极其，太，much 修饰 too 以加强语气，中心词是 too，much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。too much太多，中心词是 much，too 修饰 much 以加强语气，too much 修饰不可数名词。too much 与 too many 相对，但 too many 修饰可数名词。You will become much too

17、fat some day.有一天你将会变得非常胖。The teacher gave us too much homework today.老师今天给我们留的作业太多了。例题引路【例 1】，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful C.Honest and confident D.Light-hearted and optimistic 解析：句意为愉快而乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光传给他人的女士。sh

18、y and cautious 害羞且谨慎的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感且体贴的；honest and confident“诚实且自信的”light-hearted and optimistic愉快且乐观的。由句意可知应选 D。【自主体验】1.After the long journey，the three of them went back home，。A.hungry and tiredly B.hungry and tired C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tired【例 2】Jack is late again.It

19、 is of him to keep others waiting.A.normal B.ordinary C.common D.typical 解析：It is typical of sb.to do sth.是固定句型，意为某人一向如此。该句型属于“It is 十形容词+of+代词+不定式”结构，故选 D。【自主体验】2.Its very important us it.A.to;to remember B.for;to remember C.for;remembering D.to;remembering【例 3】Everything seemed to be going for the

20、 first two days after 1moved to New York.A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly 解析：考查副词辨析。句意为在我搬到纽约之后，刚开始的两天事情似乎进展得很顺利。vividly生动地，形象地；generally普遍地，一般地；frequently 频繁地，经常地；smoothly 有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般不超过个掌握了本方法可基学习必备 欢迎下载 顺利地，平稳地。根据句

21、意可知，答案选 D。【自主体验】3.In the good care of the nurses，the boy is recovering from his heart operation.A.quietly B.actually C.practically D.gradually 衔接应用训练【A 组】()1.We were very to him for his help.A.thanks B.thanked C.thankful D.thdnkfully()2.The apples taste and sell .A.well;well B.good;good C.good;well

22、D.well;good()3.Your voice sounds .A.beautiful B.to be beautiful C.beautifully D.be beautiful()4.Was there a talk between the two countries last month?A.friend B.friendship C.of friend D.friendly()5.Joan pushed the door and went in hurriedly.A.opened B.open C.openly D.opening()6.here are taken good c

23、are of.A.The injured B.1njured C.An injured D.Being injured()7.Nothing is than a hot drink on a cold winter day.A.good B.best C.better D.to be good()8.Its raining _.We have to stay at home instead of going fishing.A.badly B.heavily C.strongly D.hardly()9.The weather is not hot in this district.A.suc

24、h a B.such C.that a D.that()10.Is there any news about the ship?A.missed B.to miss C.being missed D.missing 有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般不超过个掌握了本方法可基学习必备 欢迎下载【B 组】一、单项选择()1.Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，to my surprise，he arr

25、ived on time.A.little B.much C.ever D.even()2.Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost his.A.as much twice as B.twice as much as C.much as twice as D.as twice much as()3.How much she looked without her glasses!A.well B.good C.best .D.better()4.It was a nice house，but too small for a f

26、amily to live in.A.rarely B.fairly C.rather D.pretty()5.The children loved their day trip，and they enjoyed the horse ride .A.most B.more C.less D.little()6.Im sure that your letter will get attention.They know youre waiting for the reply.A.continued B.immediate C.careful D.general()7.1ts high time y

27、ou had your hair cut;its getting .A.too much long B.much too long C.long too much D.too long much()8.I can be a teacher.Im not a very patient person.A.seldom B.ever C.never D.always()9.Parents and children should communicate more to the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.

28、A.open B.narrow C.widen D.leave()10.The house of yours is as that of mine.A.as twice big B.as big twice C.twice as big D.twice big as 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1、黄河是中国第二长河。The Yellow River is river in China.2、冬天，广州的天气比北京的天气暖和。The weather in Guangzhou is in Beijing in winter.3、在考试中，你越细心，出的错就越少。In the exam，you are，mistakes youll make 4、我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。My hometown is getting 。5、他起床足够早，赶上了早班车。He got up catch the early bus.有形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人馨提示可借助英国广播公司提出的方法记忆的含义如下评述性词如等表名词前可有个形容词但实际语言材料中一般不超过个掌握了本方法可基