2023年最新人教版版八年级下册英语一至三单元知识点总结归纳.pdf

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1、学习必备 精品知识点 Unit 1 Whats the matter?1.What s the matter with you?=Whats the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?你怎么了？matter 和 trouble 为名词，其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是 adj.不能加 the 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用。即：Whats the matter with sb.?=Whats your trouble?=Whats up?=What happens to sb

2、.?2.I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼 3.身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 4.much too+形容词，意为 太.，too much+名词，意为

3、 很多，大量。5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money 6.lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式 lay；lie 说谎，过去式 lied 7.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.8.need 需要，实义动词 need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth

4、.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.9.get off(the bus)下（公交车）get on 上车 10.agree 同意，赞同;agree with sth.同意某事 agree to sb.同意某人的意见 12.be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulties(

5、in)doing sth做.有麻烦。13.right away=right now=at once，意为 马上。14.【复习】advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向征求意见，give sb.advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise sb.doing sth.15.hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.16.hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog

6、with a stone.hit sb.on the head/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb.in the face/eye/stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。17.be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/become used to sth./doing sth.“变得习惯，逐渐适

7、应”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.18.When his water run out,he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物:sth.run out.某物用尽了。人:sb.run out of sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.19.risk(sb.)to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

8、 20.the importance of(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of(learning)English.importance n.重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 学习必备 精品知识点 21.decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定;make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.。22.be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaste

9、r is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中 23.mind 意为 介意 ，mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the window?24.give up(doi年 g)sth.放弃（做）某事，give up(playing)computer games；二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人

10、称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves【用法】1.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isnt quite herself today.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London

11、tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。如：look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce on

12、eself 介绍自己 提醒 1.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework.(正)I myself can finish my homework./I can finish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons.(正)Im drawing with my own cray

13、ons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知识点 1.sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语 a sick child 【区别 ill】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.2.cheer(sb.)up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3.give out

14、分发；散发=hand out.The teacher is giving out/handing out the test papers.give sth.out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人 4.volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的

15、部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点 5.used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。6.alone【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带

16、有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7.care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care【名词】小心，关心 take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事【形容词】careful 仔细的 /careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地 8.such“这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词 such+a/an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛 such+

17、形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名词前被 many,much,few,little 修饰时，只能用 so，而不用 such：so many sick children/so little time 9.try out for 参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验 10.journey （尤指长途）旅行行程；trip 多指短途旅行；tra

18、vel travel around the world【名词】traveler 旅行者 11.【复习】be busy with sth.忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth.忙于（做）什么事情 12.try doing sth.试着去做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try one s best(to do sth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】be worried about sb./sth.=worry about sb./sth.担心某人、某事 14.raise money 集资，筹钱；raise money for 为筹钱 raise【动词

19、】举起；提高；募集 15.keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持 16.【形容词】broken 破损的，出毛病的；blind 瞎的，失明的；deaf 聋的；disabled 有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。17.make it possible(for sb.)to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，make it+形容词(+for sb.)to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it+形容词 to do sth.18.make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference 前可以用 no,any,

20、some,much 等修饰，如 The rain made no difference to the game.Hard-working makes much difference to study.19.difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty(in)doing sth.=have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 20.train【动词】训练，trained 为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog 21.be excited about sth.对

21、某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点 22.order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23.change【动词】变化，改变 It s hard for a person to change his life(style).【名词】变化；零 change A for B用 A 换成

22、 B：When you travel in China,remember to change US dollars for RMB.24.repair【动词】修理，修补；fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1.Peter,could you please take out the trash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是 can 的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的

23、说法。回答用 can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry,I cant 2、take out 取出（v+adv）【注】:跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边 take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下；起飞 3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗 1.do the+名词：do the d

24、ishes/laundry 洗餐具/衣服 2.do the+动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生结构 3.do ones+名词 do ones homework 做家庭作业 4.do some+动词-ing do some reading/shopping 读写书/购物 4、Could I at least finish watching this show?至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】Could I do sth?我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至

25、少，。(反)at most 至少，不超过 Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Ho

26、w time is flies!Three years _is_(be)really a short time.【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。Mr.Smith has enough money,but he isnt kind enough to help others.6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？take 的用法：1.拿 取 Please take some books to the classro

27、om.2.吃，喝服用 Take this medicine three times a day.3.乘They usually take the bus to work.4.花费时间/金钱It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温 7.The minute I sat dow

28、n in front of the TV,my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点【解析 1】the minute=as soon as “一.就.”Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析 2】in front of 指在物体外部的【记】The policeman stood _ in front of

29、_ the car.in the front of 指在物体内部的前面 The driver sat _in the front of _ the car.有 the 无 the 区别大 at table 吃饭；进餐 at the table 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出 come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into 进入,进来 come on 赶

30、快,加油 come along 走吧,过来,快点 come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来 7.You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！all the time=always 8.Im just as tired as you are!我和你一样累！【解析】as.as.和.一样.9.For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不

31、做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 “某人（主语）也不”neither 两者都不 neither nor 既不 也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不 则用“Neither/Nor+be/V 助/V 情+主”The first one wasnt bad.Neither was the second.10.The next day,my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.【解析】find

32、+宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find found found v 寻找 (1)find sb.doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2)find it+adj.+to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself.11.She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地 surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj.令人吃惊的 surprised adj.吃惊的 to

33、 ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对 感到吃惊 12.“Im do sorry,Mom.I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.”I replied.“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。【解析 1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb.need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，st

34、h need doing sth=sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt=dont have to 没有必要 (2)need,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用 must,否定回答用 neednt Must I go there now?Yes，you must/No,you neednt 合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点【解析 2】share 分享；共用 share

35、sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb.与某人分享某物 (All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13.Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students.v 通过；路过 I pass your home.v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15.Could I bo

36、rrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？(1)borrow,与 from 连用，尤指主语“借进来”borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend,与 to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesnt want to lend his book to others.(3)(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一

37、段时间】I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me,because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16.I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。try(not)to do sth努力（不）做某事。(1)try on 试穿 (2)try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3)try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do s

38、th=do one s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 17.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事,表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth 不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb.to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 a

39、sk sb.about sth 向某人询问关于某事 (1)ask sb.for help 向某人请求帮助 (2)ask sb.(not)to do sth请求某人做某事 ask sb.to do sth 请某人做某事 ask sb.not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助 19.Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析 1】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finis

40、h _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?【解析 2】while conj.“在 期间；当 的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。While the children have fun,parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析 3】help sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人。help v 帮助 helpful adj.有帮助的(1)help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with

41、ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在 的帮助之下 1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your help,we couldnt catch the thief.合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点 20.Could I invite my friends to a party?我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite

42、sb.to Sp.邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n 邀请(1)invite sb.to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to+地点 邀请某人去某地 21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb.do sth 让某人做某事 make made made v.做，制作，使得(1)make sb/sth+形容词 “让某人或某物”mak

43、e you happy (2)make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time=be free 有空 23.Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金 waste time/money

44、 on sth waste time/money(in)doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱 24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事 He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting.【解析 2】get

45、into=enter 进入 【拓展】与 get 相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed 穿衣 get into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of 从 出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for+n.为 做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well 康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会 get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be as

46、leep 睡着)25.Also,when they get older,they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。get/become/go辨析：get+adj 较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.become 强调变化的结果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情 go bad 变坏，go blind 变

47、瞎，go hungry 挨饿 26.It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物 provide sb.with sth.(sb 前介词用 for)=provide sth for sb.(sth 前需加介词 with)供应某人某物 相当于：offer sb.sth.=offer sth to sb.provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供

48、；供给”provide sb.with sth.=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物 合词后背痛形容词意为太名词意为很多大量形容副词足够的地放在名前物表示被动的动作下公交车上车同意赞同同意某事同意某人的意见遇到打击打打某人的头鼻子后背用在所打较硬的部位打某人的脸眼睛肚子用学习必备 精品知识点 offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”offer sb.sth.=offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事 supply 定期“供应”,强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为某人提供

49、某物 The Internet provides us _a lot of information we need.27.And anyway,I think doing chores is not so difficult.无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。【解析】anyway 无论如何,(一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）28.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的

50、。【解析】It is important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的 29.Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。30.Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。1.do ones part 尽职责；尽本分 Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责 2.keep+sth/sb.+adj.“使.处于某种状态”Her mother a