2023年初中英语八大时态详细语法解析习题及超详细解析超详细解析答案.pdf

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1、1/60 过去将来时1.宾语从句或间接引语中eg He didnt expect that we would all be there.2.表示过去习惯性的动作eg During that period,he would do this every day.3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.过去将来时基本结构过去将来时由would,was/were going to,was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成,也可由 was/were on the po

2、int of加动名词构成。例句：I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。I said I would arrange everything.我说我来安排一切。八种时态详解：过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来 时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A)When I thought about it,I won

3、dered what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there.他没料到我们会全在那儿。B)During that period,he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever he had time,he would help hi

4、s mother with some housework.无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。2/60 C)No matter how difficult the work was,he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended,the audience would not leave.甚至在讲座结

5、束之后，听众仍不肯离去。过去将来时几种结构表未曾实现的意图was/were going to+动词原形；was/were to+动词原形；was/were about to+动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。如：The conference was going to be held the next month.会议下个月开。We were to have our class at eight.八点我们该上课了。I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in.就在我要告诉他时，吴东进来了。过去将来时练习题I.选择填空1

6、.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A.as;come B.was;would come C.would be;came D.will be;come 2.Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A.spent B.would spent C.was going to spent D.would spend 3.What did your son say in the letter?He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A.wi

7、ll visit B.has visited 3/60 C.is going to visit D.would visit 4.I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming C.will come D.was coming 5.Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A.took B.would take C.takes D.will take 6.We were not sure whether they _

8、more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow C.will grow D.have grown 7.She _ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Miss Zhang said she _(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she _(not stay)here for long.3.I was

9、nt sure whether Lucy_(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the worlds population _(slow)down in future.5.She said the bus _(leave)at five the next morning.6.I wasnt sure whether he _(lend)me his book the next morning.7.He was fifty-six.In two years he _(be)fifty-eight.4/60 8.Whenever she has tim

10、e,she _(help)them in their work.Key:I.1-7 CDDDBBC II.1.would visit 2.would not stay 3.would come 4.would slow 5.was leaving 6.would lend 7.would be 8.would help I.选择填空1.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A.as;come B.was;would come C.would be;came D.will be;come 2.Jenny said she _her

11、 holiday in China.A.spent B.would spent C.was going to spent D.would spend 3.What did your son say in the letter?He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit 4.I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come

12、B.is coming C.will come D.was coming 5.Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A.took B.would take C.takes D.will take 5/60 6.We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow C.will grow D.have grown 7.She _ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going

13、 B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Miss Zhang said she _(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she _(not stay)here for long.3.I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the world s population _(slow)down in future.5.She said the bus _(lea

14、ve)at five the next morning.6.I wasnt sure whether he _(lend)me his book the next morning.7.He was fifty-six.In two years he _(be)fifty-eight.8.Whenever she has time,she _(help)them in their work.Key:I.1-7 CDDDBBC II.1.would visit 2.would not stay 3.would come 4.would slow 5.was leaving 6.would lend

15、 7.would be 8.would help 过去完成时1.发生在“过去的过去”eg When I woke up,it had stopped raining.6/60 2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间eg By the end of last year,he had worked in the factory for twenty years.过去完成时基本结构由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。例句

16、：She said she had never been to Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。时态详解：过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去（past-in-the-past）。-|-|-|-那时以前那时现在构

17、成：过去完成时由助动词 had+过去分词 构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1.由时间状语来判定7/60 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night

18、.（2）by the end of+过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2.由过去的过去 来判定。过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从

19、句要用过去完成时。在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：When I got to the station,the train had already left.After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.注意：before,after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 be

20、fore 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door,he left the classroom.8/60（3）表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.3.根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the s

21、treet yesterday.We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在 过去的过去。如：When I woke up,it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在过去的过去）2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book.(had written 发生在

22、 told 之前 )3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Before she came to China,Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4.过去完成时表示某一

23、动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：By the end of last year,he had worked in the factory for twenty years.（had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别9/60 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为 助动词 have(has)+过去分词；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调 过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

24、试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。-Oh,not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）-John returned home yesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。-Wher

25、e had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即过去的过去）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下

26、文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：10/60 She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her,too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before，after，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：He entered th

27、e room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.I(had)called her before I left the office.过去完成时用法之表未曾实现的想法过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want,think,hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose 等：I had meant to come,but something happened.我本想来，但有事就没有来。I had intended to speak,but time did not permit.我本想发言

28、，但时间不允许。We had hoped that you would come to see us,but you didnt.我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。过去完成时练习题1.单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone 2.What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done 3.I

29、_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt 4.She _lived here for _ years.11/60 A.had,a few B.has,several C.had,a lot of D.has,a great deal of 5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B.cooked C.have cooked D.wa

30、s cooked 6.She said she _ the principle already A.has seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen 7.She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A.has hidden,from B.had hidden,from C.has hidden,with D.had hidden,with 8.By the time he was ten years old,he _.A.has completed university B.has complet

31、ed the university B.had completed an university D.had completed university 9.She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A.for B.in C.by D.at 10.He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned,piano B.had learned,the piano C.has learned,the piano D.learns,piano.11.What _ Annie _

32、 by the time he was ten?A.did,do B.did,did C.has,done D.had done 12.He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A.has worked B.works C.had worked D.will work 13.By the end of last week,they _ the bridge.12/60 A.has completed B.completed C.will complete D.had completed 14.Ben hates

33、playing _ violin,but he likes playing _ football.A.a the B.the the C./the D.the15.By the time he was 4,he _ a lot of German words.A.had learned B.has learned C.learned D.learns 16.Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A.was left B.had left C.has left D.left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since

34、2000.A.lived B.had lived C.have lived D.were living 18.The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A.has arrived B.was arriving C.arrived D.had arrived 19.The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A.have cleaned B.had cleaned C.was cleaned D.have been cleaned 20.Fergie_ the project in one

35、 hour.A.have finished B.will finish C.finishes D.has finished 21.The man _ his coat and went out.A.put on B.had put on C.will put on D.was putting on 22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A.had worked B.has worked C.worked D.works 23.Dad _ while he _ TV.A.fell asleepwatch B.was falling asle

36、epwatched C.fell asleepwas watching D.had fallen asleepwatched13/60 2.用动词的适当形式填空1.We _(paint)the house before we _(move)in.2.That rich old man _(make)a will before he _(die).3.They _(study)the map of the country before they _(leave).4.The robbers _(run away)before the policemen _(arrive).5.I _(turn

37、off)all the lights before I _(go)to bed.6.Paul _(go)out with Jane after he _(make)a phone call.7.Tom _(say)he _(read)the book twice.8.Our plan _(fail)because we _(make)a bad mistake.9.When the chairman _(finish)speaking,he _(leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _(have)lunch when I _(get)to their house.11.W

38、hen I _(arrive)at the station,he _(leave).12.We _(learn)about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13.I waited until he _(finish)his homework.14.We were surprised at what she _already _(do)14/60 15.She _(not go)to Qingdao because she _(go)there before.16.He _(not tell)you the news yet.17.He sa

39、id he _already_(give)the book to the teacher.18.I _(be)to Shanghai before.19.She told me she _(be)to Sanya three times.20.She _(play)the guitar while her sister_(sing).现在进行时1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作eg They are having a football match.2.现阶段一直在进行的动作eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等eg She

40、 is often doing well at school.4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作eg Are you staying here till next week?现在进行时基本结构现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。例句：They re having a meeting.他们在开会。I m studying at an evening school.我在上夜校。Mike is coming home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来。They re having a party next week.下星期他们将开一个晚会。Youre always inter

41、rupting me!你老打断我的话!(抱怨)15/60 My father is always losing his car keys.我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)Shes always helping people.她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)时态详解：现在进行时主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作，或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match.他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper.她正在写学期论文。Someone is aski

42、ng for you on the phone.有人找你听电话。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job？你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinkin

43、g of others,not of himself.（表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She is often doing well at school.（表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today?（表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.（表示

44、不喜欢）有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。16/60 4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,see,have,lunch(吃午饭 ),return,dine(进餐，尤指晚餐 ),work,sleep,stay,play,do,wear(穿，戴 )等。例如：Im dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授要来

45、作报告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday.下周三我们放假。Are you staying here till next week?你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？现在进行时用法之表将来现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：I m leaving tomorrow.我明天走。They re getting married next month.他们下个月结婚。现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况

46、：I m not going out this evening.今晚我不准备出去。What time does the train leave?火车什么时候开?现在进行时练习题一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.17/60 2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in

47、 the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.6.They _(not,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash

48、)clothes?Yes,she is 三、句型转换：1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_ _2The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _ _ _3Im playing the football in the playground.(改为否定句)_ 4Tom is reading books in his study.(改为一般疑问句)_ 18/60 5.My mother is cooking some nice food now.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

49、_ _6.They are not watering the flowers now.(改为肯定句)现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1Mr Zheng _(read)a book now.2.The rabbits _(jump)now.3.Look!Tom and John _(swim).4.My brother _(make)a kite in his room now.5.Look!The bus _(stop).6.We _(have)an English class now.7.Listen!Someone is_(come).8.They _(catch)butterflies no

50、w.9.He _(do)an experiment now.10.They _(collect)stamps now.11.Look!He _(dive)now.12.Tom _(watch)TV in the dining room.13.The doctors _(get)off the bus.14.Come on.They _(leave)now.19/60 15.It _(eat)fish now.16.My father _(work)in the office now.17.Where is your mother?She _(answer)the phone.18.The te