2023年定语从句讲解及练习.pdf

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1、精品资料 欢迎下载 定语从句 定语从句引导词的基本用法综述 指代 成分 是否可省略 关 系 代 词 that 指认；指物 主语；宾语；表语 作宾语时可省略 which 指物；指主句全部或部分内容 主语；宾语；表语 作宾语时可省略 who 指人 主语；宾语（非正式用法）；表语 作宾语时可省略 whom 指人 宾语 作宾语时可省略 whose 指人；指物 定语 不可省略 as 指物；指一句话内容 主语；宾语，表语，定语 不可省略 关 系 副 词 when 指时间 时间状语 不可省略 where 指地点 地点状语 不可省略 why 指原因 原因状语 不可省略 如何正确选择定语从句的引导词 根据定语从

2、句引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词：判断先行词及先行词的具体内容（指人、指物、地点或时间）。判断引导词在定语从句中的成分作用。如果在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词 that,which,who,whom；如果在从句中作状语（地点、时间、原因），则用关系副词 where，when，why；如果在定语从句中作定语，则用 whose。在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标志 主句与从句之间没有逗号 主句与从句之间用逗号隔开 关系词 that,which,who,whom，where，when，why，whose whic

3、h,who,whom，where，when，whose 精品资料 欢迎下载 关系词省略与否 1.关系词作宾语时可省可不省。2.关系副词作主语，定语和状语时不可省，关系词作任何成分都不可省。1.关系副词where，when 和 why 引导的定语从句 关系副词 when 引导的定语从句 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when，也可以用介词+which 来代替 when。I will never forget the day when(on which)I went to university.关系词在定语从句中不作状语时，不能用 when。T

4、hose were the days(that/which)I spent in the countryside.关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当状语时，用 where 引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which 来代替 where。This is the factory where(in which)he works.当关系词在从句中不作地点状语时不能用 where。They work in a factory that/which makes radio parts.关系副词 why 引导的定语从句。当先行词是表示原因的名词

5、 reason 且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词我 why 引导，此时的定语从句说明先行词的内容。也可以用for reason 代替 why。Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine.当先行词是 reason，但关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词 which/that.The teacher believed the reason(that/which)he gave for his being late.2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词后的定语从句引导词不用 tha

6、t，指物一般用 which；指人一般用 whom，常用“介词+which/whom”结构，其中介词的选择是有一定规律的。根据和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配关系选择介词。eg:Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?根据介词和定语从句的先行词的搭配关系选择介词。许多名词通常要和一定的介词搭配，当 which 和 whom 指代这些名词时，其前就用相应的介词。eg：It was a prison from which no one escaped.省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基

7、本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限精品资料 欢迎下载 根据介词和定语从句句末形容词的搭配关系选择介词。有些形容词常和一定的介词搭配。如：be familiar with,be polite to,be proud of,be pleased with等。当这些短语位于句末而 which 或 whom 又是介词的宾语时，介词常移至 which 或 whom 之前。eg：Mount Li,for which Lintong is famous,is a beautiful place.根据主句和定语从句的逻辑关系选用介

8、词。eg：Chaplin went to the United States in 1910,by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.”名词/代词+介词 of+关系代词（which/whom）”多用于表示整体中的一部分，此结构一般用于非限制性定语从句。eg：This is the newly-built house,the windows of which(=whose windows)face the south.练习 1.I m sorry not to have replied to your letter ea

9、rly,_ I apologize.A.which B.for which C.to which D.Whom 2.William shows some challenging means _ diners at their mystery lunch on Sunday might eat the special dish.A.after which B.in which C.by which D.for which 3.Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things _ they should feel ashamed.A.b

10、y which B.of which C.in which D.from which 4.There are two rooms in the apartment,_ serves as a kitchen.A.the smaller of them B.the smallest of which C.the smaller of which D.smallest of which 5.I was given three books on cooking,the first _ I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.Which 6.Apr

11、il Fool s Day is a traditional festival _ people can play tricks on others.A.which B.where C.that D.when 7.I would choose to live in the place _ the sun shines all year along.A.that B.when C.which D.Where 8.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A.what B.which C.when D.

12、where 省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限精品资料 欢迎下载 9.The reason _ he missed this class is clear now.A.Which B.Where C.When D.why.as 引导的定语从句 1.as 作为关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语、宾语或表语。它常用在 the same.as.,such.as.,as.as.等句型中，as 不能省略。Eg.Such teacher a

13、s know Tom think him very bright.注：当先行词被 such，the same 修饰时，也可用 that 引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.（同一辆自行车）比较：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.（相像的自行车）2.as 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。As you know,she is a stubborn girl,and I can t persua

14、de her to change her mind.Mo Yan,as is known to us all,was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2012.拓展：as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all know 众所周知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as can be seen 正如所见 as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正如经常发生的 as is well

15、known 众所周知 as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样 3.as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as 可以指前边提到过的事实或情况，其引导的从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中；而 which指前面提到的事实或情况，其引导的从句一般放在主句之后，如：This machine,as might be expected,has stopped operating.as 含有“正如，按照，正像”之意，一般用在肯定句中；而 which 则多用于含否定意义的句子中，如：He failed in the

16、exam again,as was expected.他考试又不及格，正如预料的那样。He failed in the exam again,which was unexpected.他考试又不及格，这是没有预料到的。省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限精品资料 欢迎下载 当定语从句中所修饰的主语内容是从句谓语动词的宾语时，常用as 如：Jack was admitted into the university,as we had expecte

17、d.在固定结构中，一般不能将 as 替换为 which 当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，又作“主谓宾补（SVOC)”结构中的主语时，多用 which He saw the girl,which delighted him.当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，用 which，如：We didn t go to the film,instead of which we went to the theatre.当关系代词在从句中代表主语中的谓语时，常用 which,如：He can write a letter in English,which I can not.当关系代词指代主句中的一个名词时，多用

18、which，如：I gave him an interesting book,which he started to read at once.当关系代词代替主句中的形容词时常用 which，如：He thought me impatient,which he himself was 练习 1.There is no simple answer _ is often the case in science.A.as B.that C.when D.where 2.He is no such a man _ would leave his work half done.A.that B.whic

19、h C.who D.as 3.A lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this 3.I want to see the same dictionary _ was used yesterday.（填空）定语从句练习 1.Among the many dangers _ sailors have

20、 to face,probably the greatest of all fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 2.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.A.who B.when C.which D.where 省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限精品资料 欢迎

21、下载 3.I didn t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,_ I went up to rescue a kite that was struck in the branches of a tree.A.when B.where C.which D.why 4.The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A.when B.where C.why D.which 5.Until now,we have raised 50,000 po

22、unds for the poor children,_ is quite unexpected.A.that B.which C.who D.it 6.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work _ a good impression is a must.A.which B.when C.as D.where 7.I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feeling fo

23、r her.A.as B.why C.why D.when 8.A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.A.which B.whose C.who D.why 9.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A.that B.which C.as D.what 10.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from th

24、e library last week,_ my classmates recommended to me.A.who B.which C.when D.where 11.Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where 12.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.wh

25、ose B.that C.who D.which 13.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their strengths.A.whom B.who C.that D.which 14.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.which C.what D.when 15.He wrote a

26、 letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A.what B.which C.where D.how 省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限精品资料 欢迎下载 16.He may win the competition,_ he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that case C.in

27、what case D.in whose case 17.Their is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.A.as B.that C.when D.where 18.Xiamen is a beautiful city _ I paid a two-day visit during the Spring Festival.A.at which B.from which C.to which D.in which 19.This article may shock some sensitive readers,_ I offer my apologies in advance.A.from which B.for which C.to whom D.towards whom 20.I bought a vase,_ was very reasonable.A.its price B.the price of it C.the price of that D.the price of which 省略指人宾语作宾语时可省略指人指物定语不可省略指物指一句话内容引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词判断先行词及先行词的具体内从句中作定语则用在非限制性定语从句中不能用限制性定语从句与非限