2023年大学英语全新版第四册电子精品讲义.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 大学英语(全新版)第四册电子教案 Unit Four The Multicultural Society I.Teaching objectives Students will be able to:1.grasp the main idea(Man changes nature in order to live.However,man must also be careful not to disregard the law of nature.)and structure of the text(A comparison-and-contrast analysis of

2、 the two invasions);2.practice their critical thinking ability through in-depth discussions in issues mentioned in the text;3.master key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.conduct a series of reading,listening,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II.

3、Text Analysis People tend to worship things printed in black and white.Yet we would like to cultivate in our students the ability to think critically.They should understand that not everything they read is true.At the same time they need to be able to,and they should be able to,justify their disbeli

4、ef.Take Question 1 in the after-text Points for discussion for 学习必备 欢迎下载 example.Is Euro-centeredness really phasing out?The economic and political power still rests with the whites,not the Asian Americans,African Americans,Hispanics,or Native Americans.Has white mainstream America really given up o

5、n policing the world?The 9/11/2001 event was tragic and should not have happened,but it does show that there are groups strong opposed to what they see as the interference of America and the West in affairs beyond their borders.Let s look at Question 2.According to the author,Los Angeles is a symbol

6、 of the future.Yet he hadn t anticipated the Los Angeles riots of 1992.(The essay was written before they took place.)During the riots,African Americans attacked Asian Americans,especially Korean Americans.Can the Los Angeles of 1992 stand for racial harmony?Now Question 3.Many Westerners,idea of th

7、e non-Western world is dated.However,nowadays the non-Western world,especially Asia,is developing at a rapid pace.People here have acquired quite a strong sense of time.A good case in point:if you observe the subway patrons in Hong Kong,Tokyo or Shanghai,they walk as fast as commuters in major citie

8、s in the West.In a word,our students must realize that there are always 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 different perspectives.II.Cultural Notes:IV.Language Study 1.in decline/on the decline losing strength;declining 衰落中；衰退中 e.g.

9、He is still one of the worlds most popular tennis players,but his game is in decline.Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline.现在在家做饭的人似乎越来越少了.She seemed to be recovering after taking some medicines but after a while her health was again in decline.2.debt n.欠款；负债 e.g.He had enough money to pay off

10、his fathers debts.He ran/got into debt after he lost his job.失业后他歉了不少债.3.dropout:n.person who withdraws from conventional society or school 逃避现实社会的人;中途退学者 e.g.a high school/college dropout 中学/大学辍学者 He was a loner and a dropout.他是个不和群,逃避现实避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论

11、管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 的人.4.characteristic n.special mark or quality 特点，特征，特性 e.g.Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.5.dynamism:n.power,energy 活力;精力 e.g.She keeps a freshness and dynamism about her while others grow stale.当其他人变得无精打采时,她还保持着饱满的精神和充沛的活力.Ever sin

12、ce it adopted the reform and open up policy,China has shown to the outside world that it is full of dynamism.中国自实行改革开放以来,已经向世界表明这个国家充满活力.6.paralyze vt.make ineffective;make(sb.)lose the ability to move part or all of the body 使失去功能；使瘫痪 e.g.He had a minor stroke in 1987,which left him partly paralyze

13、d.The drug paralyzes the nerves so that there is no feeling or movement in the leg.那种药会麻痹神经,所以腿没有感觉,也不能动.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 A sudden snowstorm paralyzed the city.突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪.7.thesis n.(pl theses)论题，论点；论文,毕业（或学位）

14、论文 e.g.Their main thesis is that inflation is caused by increase in the money supply.8.precedent n.earlier happening,decision,etc.taken as an example or rule for what comes later 先例；惯例 e.g.The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases.There are several pr

15、ecedents for promoting people who don t have formal qualifications.以前有过几起让没有受过正规教育的 人升职的先例.Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concession would set a dangerous precedent.有些政治家担心,做出让步会开创一个 危险的先例.9.have a/the sense that feel/believe/realize that 感到；意识到 e.g.As soon as we had the sense that somet

16、hing was wrong,we moved the children away.Although she said nothing,I had the sense that she was 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 annoyed.尽管她没开口,但我能感到她的不快.He had a sense that his guests were bored,though they were listening polite

17、ly.10.unprecedented:a.without precedent;never done or know before 无前例的;空前的 e.g.This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.本世纪人们对环境的破坏史无前例.In an unprecedented step,Walt Disney has the scene cut from the film.华特.迪斯尼让人把那个镜头从影片中删去了,他以前从未这么做过.11.pluralism:n.a condition

18、 of society in which numerous distinct ethnic,religious,or cultural groups coexist within one nation 多元主义;多元文化 e.g.After years of state control,the country is now moving towards political/religious/cultural pluralism.在国家集权统治了多年之后,现在这个国家正向政治/宗教/文化多元化发展.They are committed to democracy,human rights and

19、 pluralism.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 他们决心为民主,人权和多元化而奋斗.12.leave behind cause(sth.)to remain;fail or forget to bring or take 留下，遗留；未能（或忘记）带 e.g.I am afraid well have to leave the dog behind at home.I arrived at the meeting t

20、o find I d left my notes behind.13.mentality n.characteristic attitude of mind;way of thinking 心理状态；思想方法 e.g.Can you understand the mentality of someone who likes to watch animals fighting each other?He hopes that closer links between Britain and the rest of Europe will change the British mentality

21、towards foreigners.他希望加强英国给其他欧洲国家之间的联系能改变英国人对外国人的看法.14.plural:a.concerning,or made up more than one kind of,person or thing 多元的,多种的;复数的 e.g.We need to recognize that we are now living in a plural society.我们应该认识到我们现在生活在一个多元的社会里.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她

22、的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 Very few countries allow people to have plural citizenship.没有几个国家允许国民拥有多重国籍position:n.the way in which something is made,esp.in terms of different parts 构成;组成部分 e.g.There were dramatic changes in the composition of the committee after the election.选举后委员会的构成有了重大改变.He s d

23、oing research into the chemical composition.他正在研究植物的化学成分.16.immigrant n.a person who moves as a settler to another country 移民 e.g.Historically,the United States has attracted vast numbers of immigrants from around the globe.It was estimated that more than 11 out of every 20 New Yorkers were immigran

24、ts or the children of immigrants.17.landscape:v.improve the aesthetic appearance of(a piece of land)by planting trees and shrubs,etc.对(土地)作景观美化 e.g.It will take us several months to landscape the garden.The slagheap is still an eyesore after it had been 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴

25、风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 landscaped.那座矿渣堆虽已经过外观处理,但还是不顺眼.18.ultra-常与形容词结合构成新词,说明原词描述的品质超过平常,极度.例如,说某人 ultra-intelligent,表示这人极聪明;说某人后某物 ultra-modern,表示他们时常时髦或新潮;说某种材料 ultra-light,表示那是超轻的.19.exploitation:n.selfish use;use for one s own benefit 剥削;利用 e.g.Britain s exploi

26、tation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War.英国对天然气资源的利用始于二战后.20.under-的构词能力比较强,能与动词,名词,过去分词结合构成新词,表示某物不足后做的事在数量,质量上未达到预定的要求.e.g.1)underestimate 低估,看轻 2)The hospital are under-financed.这医院资金匮乏.3)He was an under-grown boys,thin,with a long pale face.他是个发育不健全的男孩,身材瘦长,张着一张瘦长,苍白的脸

27、.under-也可与表示职业,工作的名词结合,表示人在级别,地位上低于他人.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 e.g.undergraduate 本科生;under-secretary 副部长 21.constructive a.having a useful purpose;helpful 建设性的；有裨益的 e.g.Criticism is welcome only when it is constructive cri

28、ticism.After their meeting,both sides described the talks as frank,friendly and constructive.22.cooperation n.working or acting together for a common purpose 合作；协作 e.g.The mission of the United Nations is to maintain world peace,develop good relations between countries,promote cooperation in solving

29、 the worlds problems,and encourage respect for human rights The European Union is an organization dedicated to economic cooperation among European nations.23.conception n.idea about what sth.is like or understanding of sth.;process in which sb.forms a plan or idea 观念，概念；构想 e.g.Their conception of lo

30、ve seems to be very different from our own.I had no conception of the finished product.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 The symphony is admirable in conception.24.destructive a.causing destruction 毁灭（性）的；破坏（性）的 e.g.Technology can

31、be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century.I worry about the destructive effect that violent films may have on children.我很担心暴利影片可能对孩子产生毁灭性的影响.25.show up put in an appearance;be pres

32、ent 出现；出席 e.g.If I dont show up for class this morning,Ill be kicked out.I invited him for eight o clock,but he didn t show up until nine-thirty.我请他八点来,可他直到九点才出现.We were expecting thirty people to come,but half of them never showed up.26.offend vt.hurt the feelings of;give offence to 伤的情感；得罪 e.g.Ric

33、hard was deeply offended that people thought hed 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 faked the story.He apologized for his comments and said he had no intention of offending the professor.I think she was a bit offended that she hadn

34、t been invited to the party.她没有收到宴会的邀请,我觉得她有些不高兴.He looked a bit offended when you called him middle-aged.你把他称为中年人,他有些不快.27.in the.sense as far as.is concerned 在意义上 e.g.In the environmental sense,your plan to build a chemical factory is a disaster,whatever the economic benefits may seem to be.In the

35、 academic sense,this article is not well written.Security defined in the board sense of the term means getting at the root causes of trouble and helping to reduce regional conflict.从广义上说,安全意味着找出动乱的根本原因,减少地区冲突.28.mosaic:n.picture or pattern that is made by fitting together differently colored bits of

36、 stone,etc.镶嵌画,镶嵌图案;避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 镶嵌画般的东西 e.g.a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅十世纪的漂亮镶嵌画 The country is now a cultural and social mosaic due to the influx of several different ethnic groups.因为有来自不同民族的移民,这个国家现在成

37、了一个文化和社会大熔炉.29.from the perspective of from the viewpoint of 从的观点来看 e.g.From the perspective of women,the article is well worth reading.The novel Harry Potter is written from the perspective of a child.His father s death gave him a new perspective of a child.父亲的死使他对生命有了全新的看法.30.religion n.宗教信仰；宗教 e.

38、g.Philosophy comprised all areas of speculative thought and included the arts,science,and religion.31.submerge v.(cause to)go under the surface of water;cover or completely hide（使）沉没；淹没；遮盖 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 e.g.Subm

39、arines are designed to submerge and surface,and to maneuver quietly underwater to avoid detection.She was taken to hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes.她在冰冷的河中淹了 45 分钟,随后被送到医院 32.harmonious:a.in agreement;free from ill feeling 和谐的;和睦的 e.g.She seems to have enjoyed a fairly h

40、armonious relationship with al three of her children.The government is understandably reluctant to do anything which might spoil the harmonious relations between the country s ethnic groups.政府不愿做任何有损咯民族间和谐关系的事,这完全可以理解.33.harmonize:v.bring into harmony or agreement 使和谐;使一致 e.g.The garden has been des

41、igned to harmonize with the natural landscape.这座花园的设计意在使它与周围的环境融为一体.The plan is to harmonize safety standards across all the countries involved.这个计划是要使所有国家的安全标准一致.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 比较:harmony n.和谐;和睦 e.g.Your sugges

42、tions are not in harmony with the aims of the project.你的建议与这个计划的目的不一样.We must ensure that the tourism develops in harmony with the environment.我们必须保证旅游业的发展与环境协调.34.ethnic a.of a race or the races of mankind 人种的；种族的 e.g.Although Americas culture is becoming more uniform,its society remains a diverse

43、mix of ethnic,racial,and religious groups.Long-held ethnic tensions escalated into a violent armed conflict.35.essential a.fundamental;most important;necessary 基本的；最重要的；必要的 e.g.Most teachers agree that play is an essential part of a childs bination n.joining or putting together;state of being joined

44、 联合，结合；组合 避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 e.g.It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable.37.stagnant a.unchanging;still and stale 停滞的；静止的 e.g.Thousands of disputes between management a

45、nd labor resulted from stagnant wages coupled with inflation.They tried to drain stagnant pools where mosquitoes breed.The stagnant property market is making it very difficult for many people to sell their houses.疲软的房地产市场使大量的房屋很难出售.Disease is a serious threat in the region because food is in shout s

46、upply and the water is stagnant.疾病对这个地区是个严重的威胁,因为食物短缺,只有一滩滩死水.38.destiny n.ones fate 命运 e.g.She wanted to be an artist,but destiny decreed that she should become a doctor.We are masters of our own destiny The destiny of our nation depends on this vote.我们国家的命运系于这次投票.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动

47、学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破学习必备 欢迎下载 She felt that her destiny had been shaped by her gender.她觉得她的命运因她的性别而注定.39.discourage vt.take away the courage or confidence of 使气馁；使沮丧 e.g.Michael was so discouraged by repeated failures that he decided to give up his project.Many people were discouraged by the seemingly endless economic depression.避现实学习必备欢迎下载的人特点特征特性活力精力当其他人变得无精不能动学习必备欢迎下载突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪论题论点论管她没开口但我能感到她的不快无前例的空前的本世纪人们对环境的破