2023年定语从句讲解.pdf

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1、精品资料 欢迎下载 定语从句 一课文原句 I like music that I can dance to.我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。Rose likes music that s quiet and gentle.玫瑰喜欢轻柔的音乐。I prefer singers who write their own lyrics.我喜欢自己写歌词的歌手。以上三个句子都是含有定语从句的复合句。第一，二句均是由 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词都是 music,第三句是由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 singers.二概念及构成 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名

2、词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。其结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有 that,which,who,whom,whose 等，关系副词有 where,when,why 等。三用法点拨 1.关系代词在定语从句中的用法 关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose 放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分，关系代词作从句的宾语时通常可以省略，但作从句主语时不能省略。（1）that 在从句中可以作主语或宾语，可以指人也可以指物 This is the PE teacher that

3、 plays soccer best.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。He isn t the person that I talked to just now.(作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。I like the cat that has four white paws.(作主语)我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。This is the cat that I like best.(作宾语)这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。（2）who 在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人。This is the PE teacher who plays soccer best.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体

4、育老师。He isn t the man whom I talked to just now.(作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。（3）which 在从句中可以作主语或宾语，指代物。Can you show me the shop which is the nearest?(作主语)你能给我指指去最近商店的路吗？The book which you re looking for is Tom s.(作宾语)你正在找的那本书是汤姆的。（4）whose 在从句中作定语，指人，也指物。Do you know the boy whose mother is our math teacher?你认识那

5、个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？My uncle has bought a new car whose color is blue.我叔叔买了一辆颜色是蓝色的新车。that 可以指人也可以指物，指人是多数可与 who,whom 互换，指物时有时可与which 互换。eg:The songs(that which)Liu Dehua sang are very popular.刘德华演唱的歌很受欢迎。精品资料 欢迎下载 The man that who is reading a book over there is Tom s uncle.在那边看书的那个男人是汤姆的叔叔。关系代词 whom 和

6、 which 在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。eg:The beautiful lady to whom you talked is Miss Zhang.=The beautiful lady(whom who that)you talked to is Miss Zhang.和你说话哦那位漂亮的女士是张小姐。2.关系代词用法辨析（1）用 that 不用 which 的情况：A.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时通常用 that.Eg:This is the most beautiful mountain that I have

7、 seen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山。The first English novel that I read was“Thirty-nine Step“我读的第一本英文小说是39 级台阶。（2）先行词前有 all,any,no,little,much,many,the only,the very,the last 等修饰词时通常用 that.Eg:Here are all the clothes that I have.这就是我所有的衣服。This is the only book that I like.这就是我唯一喜欢的一本书。（3）先行词是 everything,something,an

8、ything,all,none,much,little,many,few 等不定代词时，通常用 that.Eg：Finally,the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的所有东西。（4）先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，用 that.Eg:I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在这个房间里看到的人和一些图画。（5）在以 who 引导的疑问词后，为了避免重复，用 that.Eg:Who is the girl

9、 that is standing there?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？（6）。先行词在句中作表语 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be 只用 which 不用 that 情况：（1）在介词后用 which,不用 that.eg:This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。（2）先行词本身是 that 时，用 which，不能用 that.eg:The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。四 关系副词（wh

10、en,where,why）关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语 1.：分析句子结构，明确句法成分 关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when句修饰先行词二概念及构成在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语关系代词有等关系副词有等三用法点拨关系代词在定语从句中的用法关中可以作主语或宾语可以指人也可以指物作主语这就是踢足球最棒的那精品资料 欢迎下载 或w

11、here等 2.When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.He came at a time when(at which)we needed help.3.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in t

12、he west of the city.After living in Pairs for fifty years,he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.4.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）There are several reasons why we can t do that.He couldn t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused ou

13、r offer?The reason why(for which)she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat.5.比较 I ll never forget the days that/which I spent with my teacher.I ll never forget the days when I worked with you.It is the house that/which was built two years ago.It is the house where/in which I was born.The reason whi

14、ch/that he gave was an excuse.The reason why he was late was the rain.Do you know the reason why he didn t turn up?：定语从句中的主谓一致问题。当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致，因为关系代词所指代的就是先行词。Eg:Tom is one of the boys that are（易错点）from the USA.汤姆是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is(易错点)from the USA.

15、汤姆是从美国来的唯一的男孩。I.单项填空。1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes,hes our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom 2.Is this the river _I can swim?A.which B.in which C.that D.the one 句修饰先行词二概念及构成在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语关系代词有等关系副词有等三用法点拨关系代词在定语从句中的用法关中可以作主语或宾语可以指人也可以指物作主语这就是踢足球最棒的那精品资料 欢迎下载 3.This

16、 is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it 4.Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it 5.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree 6.My w

17、atch is not the only thing _ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who 7.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A.whos B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is D.who;was 9.I love places _the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.w

18、here D.who 10.The world _ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in .用适当的关系代词 that,which,who,whom填空。1.The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _we live in is very old.5.Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now?答案：CBCAC ABCCA That,which,which,who,whom.句修饰先行词二概念及构成在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语关系代词有等关系副词有等三用法点拨关系代词在定语从句中的用法关中可以作主语或宾语可以指人也可以指物作主语这就是踢足球最棒的那