2023年人教版英语八年级上册知识点归纳总结.pdf

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1、 1 一对一辅导教案 学生姓名 性别 年级 初三 学科 英语 授课教师 上课时间 年 月 日 第（）次课 共（）次课 课时：课时 教学课题 八年级上册知识点复习 教学目标 教学重点与难点 教学过程 八年级上册 1-10分单元知识点归类总结 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?（谈论假期生活，一般过去时）Unit 2 How often do you exercise?（谈论生活习惯，一般现在时）Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister（谈论事物对比，形容词比较级）Unit 4 Whats the best movie th

2、eater?（谈论事物比较，形容词最高级）Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?（谈论内心想法，一般现在时）Unit6 Im going to study computer science.(谈谈生活的目标，一般将来时)Unit7 Will people have robots?(对将来生活的预言，一般将来时)Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?(描述进程，祈使句)Unit9 Can you come to my party?(学习邀请，作出、接受和拒绝邀请，学习表请求的句子)Unit10 If you g

3、o to the party,you ll have a great time.(作出决定，学习 if 的条件状语从句)Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?第一单元主要点：复习一般过去时 复合不定代词的用法 反身代词的用法 系动词的用法 动词后的 to do 和 doing 的区别 ed 形容词和 ing 形容词的区别“近义词”的区别 本单元中的主谓一致现象 动词过去式的构成及不规则动词表 用同义短语转换同义句时谓语动词形式一致性的培养。感叹句的结构和连词的选择。一、习惯用法、搭配 1.buy sth.for ab./buy sb.sth.为某人买某物 2.

4、taste+adj.尝起来（感官动词有 feel/sound/look/taste/smell 后面接形容词）2 3.nothing.but+V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有 4.seem+(to be)+adj.看起来 5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方 到达某地 6.decide to do sth.决定做某事 7.try doing sth.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力做某事 8.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 9.want to do sth.想去做某事 10.start doing sth.开始做某事 11.stop doing st

5、h.停止做某事 12.look+adj 看起来 13.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 14.Why not do sth.为什么不做.呢？15.so+adj+that+从句 如此以至于 16.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 17.keep doing sth.继续做某事 18.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 知识点：1.something interesting 有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything 是指物的不定代词。so

6、mebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one,everybody，everyone 是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere 是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后；something special;somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here?大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 an

7、ything，anybody，anyone，anywhere 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything interesting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）2.提建议的句子：What/how about+doing sth.?如：What/How about going shopping?Why dont you+do sth.?如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not+do sth.?如：Why not go shopping?Lets+do sth.如：Lets go shopping Shall we/I+do sth.?

8、如：Shall we/I go shopping?3.quite a few 与 quite a little quite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。a.He stays here for _ _ _days.b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle.(瓶子)4.have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun 玩得开心（+doing）5.“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。go skating 去滑冰

9、 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 6.nothing.but.意为“除.之外；只有”,如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。7.feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词、动名词。feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。3 8.bored(adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；（人

10、 ed 物 ing）boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。如：I got bored with the boring work.我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有：interested/tired/excited/amazed/surprised interesting/tiring/exciting/amazing/surprising 9.because of+名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job.因为工作的原因 because+从句 如：I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢

11、。10.enough 足够的（放在名词前面形容词后面）如：I have enough money to go to Beijing.我有足够的钱去北京。She is not old enough to go to school.她年龄不够，不能去上学。11.seem 意为“好像；似乎；看来”。eg：Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。拓展 a.seem+adj.“看起来”。You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。b.seem+to do sth.“似乎，好像做某事”。I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。c.It seems/s

12、eemed+从句“看起来好像；似乎”It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。12.too many 意为“太多”，其后接可数名词复数。He always has too many questions to ask me.辨析：too many+可数名词复数 意为“太多.”too much+不可数名词 意为“太多.”much too+形容词 意为“太.”13.常用的感叹句的结构：1）What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！2）What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3）How +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主

13、语+谓语！4）How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！eg:1.What an interesting book it is!=How interesting a book is!那本书多么有趣啊！2._a clever girl she is!A.Who B.What C.How D.Where 3._clever a girl she is!A.Who B.What C.How D.Where 4._important jobs they have done!A.What B.Who C.How D.Where 5._sweet water it is!A.Who B.What C.Whe

14、re D.How 6._interesting the dog is!A.Who B.What C.Where D.How 14.反身代词：myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves.作动词或介词的宾语：经常在 enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,kill 等动词和 by,for,to,of 等介词后作宾语。一年主考宾语回自身 He is teaching himself English.她在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她自

15、言自语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。1)Help yourself!请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!2)Make yourself at home!别客气！3)make yourself heard/understood.使你的话被人听得见/理解 4)teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself 4 5)by oneself 独自 6)for oneself 为自己；替自己 7)enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 8)dress oneself 给自己穿衣 15.few,little,a few,a little：的

16、用法 few,a few 修饰可数名词，little,a little 修饰不可数名词。few,little 具有否定意义，表示“几乎没有”，a few,a little 具有肯定意义，表示“一些”。He has little money,but few students want to lend money to him.他几乎没有钱，但是几乎没有学生想借钱给他。There is a little milk and a few apples left in the fridge.冰箱里还有一些牛奶和一些苹果。Unit 2 How often do you exercise?习惯用法、搭配 1

17、.help sb.with sth 帮助某人做某事 2.How about?=What about?.怎么样？/.好不好？3.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句 .有多少.5.主语+find+that 从句 发现 6.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的 7.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 8.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 9.by doing sth.通过做某事 10.Whats your favorite.?你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth.开始

18、做某事 12.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 知识点：1 频率副词：always=all the time,usually,often,sometimes=at times,hardly ever,never sometimes 有时候。=at times 也是“有时”的意思。提问用 how often some times 几次。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How many times sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用 when some time 一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 ho

19、w long。2.She says it s good for my health.她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于”如：He is good at playing football.(3)be good to sb./sth:“对好”如：The old woman is good to us.(4)be good to do sth.:“适合；宜于”如：The water is good to drink.(5)be good with:“与相

20、处好”如：The teacher is good with his students.3.ask sb.to do:叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.ask sb.not to do sth.:叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.ask sb.about sth.:问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.ask sb.for sth.:向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help

21、4.help sb.with sth.如：They help me with this problem.他们帮助你解决这个问题。help sb.（to）do.如：They help you(to)solve this problem.他们帮助你解决这个问题。5.maybe 和 may be 5 maybe “也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybe you are right.也许你是对的。may be“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be 动词”结构。（位于句中）You may be right.你也许是对的。6.You can spend time with your friends

22、and family as you play together.度过（时间）如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱）如：He spent 20 yuan(in)buying the magazine.（V-ing)同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.（动词用不定式）7.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice,three times

23、 等词语。How often do you play sports?Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park?Its about 2 kilometers.8.find+宾语+名词,发现 ：We have found him(to be)a good boy.find+宾语

24、+形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.find+宾语+现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.find+it+形容词+to do sth.I found it difficult to work out this math proble.Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 习惯用法、搭配 1.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 2.want to do sth.想要做某事 3.as+形容词或副词的原级+as 与一样 4.be good at doing sth 擅长

25、做某事 5.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事 6.Its+形容词+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是的 语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级 1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est tall（高的）great（巨大的）taller greater tallest greatest 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st nice（好的）large（大的）nicer larger nicest largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音

26、节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big（大的）hot（热的）bigger hotter biggest hottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i，再加-er，-est easy（容易的）busy（忙的）easier busier easiest busiest 少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est clever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more，mostimportant（重要的）more important mos

27、t important spend 6 来构成比较级和最高级 easily（容易地）more easily most easily 2不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good（好的）well（健康的）better best bad（坏的）ill（有病的）worse worst old（老的）older/elder oldest/eldest much/many（多的）more most little（少的）less least far（远的）farther/further farthest/furthest 比较级基本句型：连系动词+adj.（比）如：Lucy is slower than

28、Lily.1主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+than+对比成分 实义动词+adv./（比）如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2.主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair)3 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as:“如同一样”否定：not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as:“不如一样”4比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g.They talked more and more loudly.5.The 比较级,the比较级：越就越 The more exercise you d

29、o,the stronger youll be.6.“Which/Who is+比较级，A or B？”e.g.Which T-shirt is nicer,this one or that one?7.the+比较级+of the（two）:两者中较的一个 Of the twins,she was the more hard-working.8.常用 the one 代单数可数名词,the ones/those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.e.g.The book here is newer than the one on the desk The apples on the t

30、ree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.9.比较级前可用“数词+名词”表示确定的度量。e.g.I am(5 years)older than him The room is(3 times)as large as that one.注意：1.原级常与 very,as，so,too,quite，pretty,really 等连用。2.比较级常与 much,even,far,than,a little,a bit,a lot 等连用.3.Th

31、an 后的比较状语结构:e.g.He runs faster than me/I(do).2.They both like sports.他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后）You are both too young.They both speak English.Both of.+名词复数 如：Both of the flowers are beautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。bothand两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不 注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）;either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上）3.make/let/ha

32、ve sb.do sth.=get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词:使某人/某事怎样 如：His words make us happy.4.Its not easy for me to make friends.Its+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.:某人做某事怎么样.(It 是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语)Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?习惯用法、搭配 1、Can I ask you some.2、How do you like.你认为怎么样 3、Thanks for doing sth.4、

33、What do you think of.5、much+形容词或副词比较级.得多 6、watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 7、play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用 8、one of+可数名词复数 .之一 同级比较 7 形容词和副词的最高级 一、含义 1.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级:badly worse-worst 2.最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。（最高级前勿忘 the）二最高级基本句型结构 系动词+the+adj.(最)of+同类(of all/us.)1.主语+谓语动词+the+adj./adv.(最)+

34、实义动词+(the)+adv.(最）in+范围(in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all.Linda draws(the)most carefully in her class.注：1.副词的最高级前可省略“the”：如：sit(the)most comfortably 坐得最舒适 2.最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”：my best friend 2.Which/Who+the+最高级,A,B or C?e.g.Which do you like(the)best,apples,pears or oranges?3.one of+the+最高级（

35、形）+名（复）：“最之一”。e.g.Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.4.the+序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g.Hainan is the second largest island in China.5.This is the+最高级（形）+名（单）+that 从句：e.g.This is the worst movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。6.a+最高级（形）+名（单）:表示“非常”。e.g.Spring is a best season.三原级、比

36、较级、最高级的相互转换 1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g.He speaks more loudly than me.I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him.2、比较级与最高级的转换：the other+名（复）（在范围之内）the+最高级 比较级+than+any other+名（单）e.g.Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the ot

37、her students in our class.1.Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents.看其他人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。do sth.(经常或已发生)doing sth.(某次或正在发生)如：I often hear her sing.(经常)I saw her come into the classroom.(已发生)I saw them playing basketball yesterday.(某次或正在发生)Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?习惯

38、用法、搭配 1、let sb.do sth.让某人做某事，2、plan to do sth.计划做某事，3、hope to do sth.希望做某事，4、happen to do sth 碰巧发生某事，5、expect to do sth.期望做某事，6、How about doing？=What about?做某事怎么样？7、be ready to do sth.准备做某事，8、try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 1.the other,the others,other,others,another 辨析 the oth

39、er 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用 one the other。例：He has two brothers,one is a teacher,the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class.twenty-one are girls,the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是 the other 的复数形式，相当于 the other+复数名词。the other+复数名词=any

40、other+名词单数。例：You two stay here,the others go with me.watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意)+sb.8 Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids(any other kid)in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese,Maths,English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Some students ar

41、e doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one.Please show me another one.another two students=two more students 2.keep.in mind：记住.。make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心做.change ones mind：改变想法 be of/in two minds：犹豫不决 out of ones mind：失去理智 to

42、my mind：依我看 Would/Do you mind(doing)sth.?你介意。吗？never mind：没关系（回答道歉:sorry）；别担心（用于安慰对方:I broke the cup.）mind doing sth Would you mind opening the window?3.expect v.期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect+名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth.预计做某事 Lily expects to come back next week.3)

43、expect sb.to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect+从句 预计 I expected that Ill come back next Monday.Unit 6 Im going to study computer science.习惯用法、搭配 want to do sth.想做某事，be going to+动词原形：将要做某事，practice doing sth.练习做某事，keep on doing sth.继续做某事，learn to do sth.学会做某事，finish doing sth 做完某事

44、，promise to do sth.答应做某事，help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事，remember to do sth.记住要做某事，agree to do sth.同意做某事，love to do sth.喜欢做某事 be going to 的用法 1）be going to+动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的 tomorrow,next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助 be 动词完成，be 随主语有 am,is,are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其

45、他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他 Im not going to s ee my friends this weekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？What is he going to do thi

46、s weekend?When are you going to see your friends?2)如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to+地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3)表示位置移动的动词，如 go,come,leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4)be going to 与 will 的区别：9 对未来事情的预测用“will+动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在 will 后面加 no

47、t,也可用 will 后面加 not,或者缩略式 wont,变一般疑问句将 will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?Yes,they will./No,they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而 be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.陈述将来的某个事实用 will.I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed.

48、表示意愿用 will.Ill tell you the truth.表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to,而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.For this reason,some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions.因为这个原因 朝/向；(电话礼物）给 如：Im leavin g for London soon.Here are some flowers for you 为了.如：For further information,please

49、call me.在.期间(时)如：Im going to stay there for three day.适于.如：Scary movies are not for children.对.来说 如：Its necessary for him to be more creative.以为交换/代价 如：You can buy the shoes for 20 yuan.因为 如：Thank you for helping me.I had to stop,for I was feeling quite hungry.支持 如：Are you for or against（反对）the plan

50、?词语辨析 1 promise vt.保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth.My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb.sth.My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise+that 从句Tom promises that he can return on time.promise n.允诺，诺言 Lily is a dishonest girl.She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示“当时候”，既指时间点，又指