2023年定语从句超详细知识汇总全面汇总归纳讲解学案.pdf

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1、精品资料 欢迎下载 高中定语从句汇总讲解 英语谚语欣赏 1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2.Its the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下 3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.定语从句相关考点 1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；2、定语从句与主谓一致；3、关系代词的省略问题；4、介词+which/whom 中

2、介词的正确选用；5、that 与 which;who 与 whom;who 与 that；as 与 which 之间的选取；6、定语从句与强调句型；7、双重定语从句；8、way 后面的定语从句 9、定语从句（the same()that/as such()as soas）结果状语从句（such()that sothat）Step 1 Leading-in（导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。He is a clever student.He is a student who is good at English.He lives in a small village.His grandfa

3、ther lived there before.I know a girl who lives in the village too.Her name is Wang Fang.Wang Fangs father is a farmer.He is a hard-working farmer.Step 2 语法讲解 一、定语从句的定义及相关术语 1 定语从句，又称_性从句，用来修饰某一_词或_词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。2.定语从句的要素：_ 和 _：被定语从句修饰的词为先行词，先行词常为_或_；引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为_和_；关系词通常有三个功能：引导句子；代替先行词；在定语从句中担

4、当一个成分。关系代词：_，_，_，_，_，在定语从句中充当_、_、_。在定语从句中 主语 宾语 定语 先行词指人 who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose 先行词指物 which/that(which)/(that)whose 准关系代词：as,but,than。（下文详细说明）关系副词：_，_，_，在定语从句中充当_。先行词表示 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 时间 when/地点/where/原因（the reason）/why 3.分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 精品资料 欢迎下载 1)限制性定语从句，是对先行词加以限制或分类，为句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从

5、句之间不能用逗号分开。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时常被省去。在美国英语中，that 比 which 更常用。2)非限制性定语从句，是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响句子的完整，需用逗号分开。关系代词 as，which，who，whom，whose 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词 when，where 也能引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。3)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词 which，可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，但不能用 that 取代，关系代词 which 作宾语或表语时不能省略。Exercise 1：用（）划出定语从句、用 _ 划出先行词，并翻译

6、成中文。1.The book which you were looking for was sold out.中文：_ 2.The people who work in the educational institution are very friendly.中文：_ 3.The sun,which had been hidden all day,came out now.中文：_ 4.Chopin,whose works are world-famous,composed some of his music in this room.中文：_ 5.She said that the man

7、 was an architect,which turned out to be true.中文：_ 6.Everywhere you can see people in fashionable clothes,which shows they must have well-paid jobs.中文：_ 二、定语从句解题三步法：第一：找出先行词和定语从句；第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三：选择合适的关系词。三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词 I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用 who，作宾语时多用 whom、who 或 that（此时可以省略关系代词）；

8、如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用 which 或 that，作宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用 that，只能用 which.在定语从句中 主语 宾语 定语 先行词指人 who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose 先行词指物 which/that(which)/(that)whose Exercise 2：用关系代词填空（答案多样）1）Yesterday I met Mr.Li _ told me the whole matter.2）I cant find the book _ is borrowed from the library

9、.3）Players _ keep warm exercises before the match play much better than those _ dont.4）This is the classroom in _ we study.5）Do you know the man _ is selling fruits near our school?6）I want to chat with the man _ name is George.7）A letter _ is written in pencil is difficult to read.8）Do you know the

10、 gentleman _ Mary spoke to just now?与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 9）The book _ I bought yesterday is very interesting.10）The factory in _ his father works is far from here.II.关系代词 whose 作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成“人的，物的”.注意：whose=先行词的所有

11、格 在定语从句中 主语 宾语 定语 先行词指人 who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose 先行词指物 which/that(which)/(that)whose whose+N.=the+N.+of which/whom=of which/whom+the+N.Exercise 3：1.The girl,_ father is a lawyer,is good at spoken English.2.The girl,_ father of _ is a lawyer,is good at spoken English.3.The girl,of whom _ _ is

12、 a lawyer,is good at spoken English.4.We lived in the hotel room,_door faced south.5.We lived in the hotel room,_ _ faced south.6.We lived in the hotel room,_faced south.7.This is the desk _are broken.A.legs of which B.whose legs C.that D.which 8.He lives in the room,the windows _faces to the south.

13、A.of whose B.of that C.of which D.whose III.如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用 of which，指人就用 of whom，即 some，any,several,each,two(数词),all,both 等加 of which 或 of whom.Exercise 4：1.The committee consists of 20 members,5 _ are women.2.The book contains 50 poems,most _ were written in 1930 s.3.They had a sentence,the me

14、aning _ was completely beyond them.4.He has three sons,all _died in the war.A.of them B.of which C.of whom D.which 注意：定语从句与并列句的区别 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像 and，but，so 等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。Mr.Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer ()Mr.Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a danc

15、er ()IV.如果先行词是 such,so,the same 或被 such,so,the same 所修饰时，关系词用 as。“诸如/像 的人或事”-“such+名词+as+定语从句”/“名词+such+as+定语从句”“和 一样的人或事”-“the same+名词+as+定语从句”（指两物相似）“the same+名词+that+定语从句”（描述同一物品）“和 一样 的人或事”-“as+形容词+名词+as+定语从句”Exercise 5:1.We will only discuss such problems _ have something to do with our own int

16、erests.中文：_ 与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 2.Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.中文：_ 3.This is the same village _you visited when you were very young.中文：_ 4.He was telling the kids as funny a story _ he did last time.中

17、文：_ 5.This is the same bag _ I lost yesterday.Thank you.中文：_ 注意：as 在定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。V、先行词是表示地点(如：place,school,factory)、时间（如：time,day,week,tear,month）、原因(reason)的名词或含有地点、时间、原因意义的抽象名词，若在从句中作状语，用 where（表示地点）、when（表示时间）、why（表示原因），相当于相应的介词+which；若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，要用 that 或 which。Exercise 6:用关系代词或关系副词填空 1.This

18、 is the room _ he lives.2.I can see the playground _ they do sports 3.I still remember the year _ I joined the Party.4.I still remember the day _ I joined the Party.5.I still remember the hour _ the rocket was launched 6.This is the reason _ he was killed 7.This is the town _ I spent my childhood.8.

19、The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.9.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.10.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.11.This is the reason _ I didnt come her e.12.The reason _ she gave was not true.注意：关系副词可以改写成“介词+which/whom”的形式；但是，“介词+which/whom”的形式不一定能改写成关系副词

20、。思考？在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?Exercise 7:尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子 1.Is this the house _ _ Shakespeare was born?2.In the dark street,there wasnt a si ngle person _ _ she could turn for help.3.Her bag,_ she put all her money,has been stolen.4.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.5.Xiao Wang,_ I went to the con

21、cert,enjoyed himself very much.方法 1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配 1.The girl for whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2.He is the man on whom I think you can depend.3.He referred to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被

22、定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 方法 2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配 1.He made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian with whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法 3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配 1.The rate at which wild animals a

23、re being destroyed has increased.2.This is our classroom,in the front of（在前面）which there is a teachers desk.小结：介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词只能用_或_;介词的选择要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。VI.which，as 也可引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句所表达的内容（即把整个主句看成是先行词）。Which 译成“这（一点）”;as 译成“正如”。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说 as 可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句

24、子后。如：1.He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.中文：_ 2.Jack,as you know,is an honest man.或 Jack is an honest man,as you know.或 As you know,Jack is an honest man.中文：_ 注意:as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：1.as is said/mentioned above 如上所述 2.as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 3.as is well known 众所周知 4.as w

25、as expected 正如预料的那样 5.as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 6.as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样 7.as is often the case 通常如此 8.as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的 VII.只能用 that,不用 which.1.先行词为不定代词 everything,nothing,anything,few,little,much,all,none时：Finally,the thief handed everything that he had

26、 stolen.2.先行词被 both,all,every,each,no,any,few,little,much,some修饰时 There is no difficulty(that)we cant smooth away.3.先行词被 the only，the very，the last 修饰时 He is the only person that I want to see now.4.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.5.先行词同时指人和指物时 We talked about the things

27、and persons that we saw then.6.当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the car that hit the boy?Who was the man that she danced with?7.主句是 there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用 that There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副

28、词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 但若主语是人，引导词只能用 who,whom There is a person who wants to see you.8.当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.Exercise 8：1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at scho

29、ol.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.VIII.只能使用 which 的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Mary has a book,which is very precious.2、在

30、介词之后。eg.This is a house in which lives an old man.IX.个别先行词 1.the way 为先行词时 当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词用 that/which,当作从句宾语时可省略；当从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词用“不填/that/in which”。2.当先行词为 point,situation,position,scene,stage,activity,case时，且从句缺少状语时用 where.3.当先行词为 occasion,且从句缺少状语时，表示“重要时刻”用 when，表示“重要场合”用 where。Exercise 9：

31、1)The way _ she teaches English is interesting.A.不填 B.in that C.which D.of which 2)She tried every way _she could find to solve the problem.A.不填 B.in that C.which D.of which 3)He suggested that we should solve the problem in a way _ was peaceful.A.不填 B.in that C.which D.of which 4)Can you imagine a

32、situation_ you can use the word?5)I can think many cases_ students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.6)The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.7)There are few occasions _ members are confuse

33、d or uncertain of their roles.8)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.Which B.where C.how D.why 9)Today,well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A.which B.as C.why D.where 10)Its helpful to put children in a situ

34、ation_ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.which C.when D.where 11)Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when 与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 12)I think you have got

35、 to the point _a change is needed,or you would fail.13)I think you have got to the point_ is important.14)Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ English is used.15)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ hes likely to lose control of the plane.16)Hes

36、 got himself into a dangerous situation _ he must pay much attention to.四、定语从句的注意事项 1.定语从句必须要有被修饰的先行词 比较:1)Is this the school _ you visited last year?A.that B.where C.which D.the one 2)Is this school _ you visited last year?A.that B.where C.which D.the one 3)Is this the school _ you study?A.that B.w

37、here C.which D.the one 2.定语从句的谓语动词,应当与先行词在人称和数上保持一致.1)I,who_ your friend,will help you at any time.A.be B.am C.are D.was 2)He is the only one of the workers in the factory _ever been given a medal.A.who has B.who have C.that have D.whom has 3)He is one of the workers in the factory _ever been given

38、a medal.A.who has B.who have C.that have D.whom has 3.分隔式定语从句-找准先行词 Days are gone when we could swim in the clever river near our house.There is a man outside the door who wants to see you.五、定语从句与其易混淆句型巧区分 定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下

39、。A.定语从句与并列句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Mr.Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr.Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr.Li has three daughters；_ are doctors 2定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：_ _ _ B.定语从句与地点状语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water I still reme

40、mber the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago 与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 2定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：_ _ _ C.定语从句与强调句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr W

41、ang works 2定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于:_ _ _ D.定语从句与结果状语从句（这里只讨论 the same asthat 和 such asthat 两种情况）：1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。I have the same computer _ you have She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her 2定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于:_ _ _ E.定语从句与习惯句型 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。It is the first

42、 time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 2这里小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：_ 故小题填_，其意为：_。小题 the time 是_，其后是_，故填 _。F.定语从句与单句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work _ didnt help 2含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：_ _

43、_ G.定语从句与同位语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。The news _ we picked up from his informal conversation is true.The news _ Mr.Li will teach us English next semester is true.2定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于:_ _ _ Exercise 10:定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题 Fill in the blanks with a proper word:1.Mary is no longer the girl _ she us

44、ed to be.2.Mary is no longer _she used to be.3.Kunming is no longer the city_ it was ten years ago.4.Kunming is no longer _ it was ten years ago.5.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢迎下载 6._ is needed i

45、s a supply of oil.7.Everything _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.8._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.9.Last night I dreamed a dream _ I passed the entrance examination.10.The dream _ I dreamed last night was very funny.11.Was it during the Second World _ he di

46、ed?12.It was the hour_ the place was full of job-hunters.13.It was at the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.14.It was the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.15.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.16.She heard a terrible noise._ brought her heart into her mouth.17.Is this the museu

47、m _ I visited last week?18.Is this museum _ I visited last week?19.Im one of the boys who _ never late for school.20.Im the one o f the boys who _ never late for school.21.Last night I took a taxi,and _ took me home.22.Last night I took a taxi,_ took me home.23.Toms mother kept telling him that he s

48、hould work harder,but _ didnt help.24.It was raining hard,_ kept us from playing football.25.I often thought of my childhood,_ I lived on a farm.26.I often thought of my childhood,_ I spent on a farm.27.This is the place _ Chairman Mao was born.28.This is the place _ we are going to visit.29.Toms fa

49、ther works at the factory _ makes shoes.30.August is the month _ comes after July,before September.31.Make a mark _ you have any questions.32.Make a mark at the place _ you have any questions.33.We shall go _ working conditions are difficult.34.We shall go to the place _ working conditions are diffi

50、cult.六、同位定语从句 同位定语从句，是指作同位语的名词或代词后紧跟一个定语从句，对该名词或代词进行修饰或限定。同位定语从句，可以分为两类：1、重复型：为了加强语势，重复主句中的要被修饰的词或该词的词法变体，形成同位语结构，然后接关系代词或关系副词再加定语从句。如：1)It is a world of wonders,a world where anything can happen.中文：_ 与与与之间的选取定语从句与强调句型双重定语从句后面的定语从句定饰词的后面定语从句的要素和被定语从句修饰的词为先行词先行词常为行词指物主语宾语定语准关系代词下文详细说明关系副词在定语从句中精品资料 欢