2023年语法之定语从句精品教案.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 语法：定 语 从 句 【课程标准】：1.掌握定语从句的基本知识 2.掌握定语从句中各关系代词和关系副词的习惯用法【考试大纲】1.关系词的使用，特别是 which,that,when,where 等 2.介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用 3.只用 that 的情况 4.只用 which 的情况 5.关系代词与关系副词的选用【课标与考纲解读】定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；由 whose,where,that,和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句【教材分析】复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一，定语从句是英语语法学习的一大难关

2、，从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思考能力。定语从句一直贯穿高中学习，此节课主要是复习定语从句的基本知识点和几个重点。【学情分析】在以前的学习中，学生们已经学过了定语从句这个语法项目。对这个语法有了一定的认识，本节的难点在于学生们对于介词+关系代词以及关系代词和关系副词的区别难以区分，有所混淆。通过本课的学习，掌握定语从句的各种结构和用法，培养了学生的认知策略；通过定语从句的运用，培养了学生的交际策略，引导他们理解语言规则，熟悉各种语言现象。【重点.难点】1.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的不同功能，如 that,which 和 where,when 的用法区别 2.介

3、词+关系代词的用法【教学设计】一关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词：指人：who whom 指物：which 指人，指物：that whose 归纳总结：1）在定语从句中做定语时用_不可省略。whose+n=_ 2.which;that 的区别 观察例句，进行总结 There is nothing that can prevent me from learning English.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the only book I want to buy.They talked about the teach

4、ers and schools that they remembered.学习必备 欢迎下载 Which is the bike that you lost?总结：下列情况下只能用 that 引导定语从句，不能用 which 1）当 先 行 词 是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等 代 词 时，或 当 先 行 词 受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时 There seems to be nothing that is impssible to him in the wor

5、ld.2）当先行词被序数词修饰或被形容词最高级修饰时 3）当先行词被 the only,the very 修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.4）当先行词前面有 who,which 等疑问词或先行词是 who 时 Who is the man that is standing by the gate?5）当先行词为人与物时 Eg:Beacause of my poor memory,all _you told me has been forgotten.The only thing _ we can do is to give

6、you some money.What is the first American film _ you have seen.下列情况只能用 which 引导定语从句，不能用 that The book,which you bought for me,was lost.This is the house in which I lived when I was young.1）在非限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用 which 不用 that.注：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用;而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。友情

7、提示：非限制性定语从句中有时所修饰的不是前面一个词而是整个句子。He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.2)当动词短语中的介词提前时用 which,不用 that Eg.Anyway,that evening,_ I will tell you later,ended up staying at Rechel s place.A.it B.that C.which D.when John said he had ben working in the office for an hour

8、,_was true.A.he B.this C.which D.who She was educated at Beijing University,_she went to have her advanced study aborad.A after which B.from which C.from that D.after that 思考：介词应如何选择？4.介词+关系代词 Great changes are taking place in the city _ _ we live.This is our parents _ _ we depend when we are in tro

9、uble.Here is the money _ _ to buy a piano.Our factory produces half a million pairs od shoes every year,80%_ _are sold aboard.总结：在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用_,_.即：介词+_/_ 在这结构中，介词的选择可依据下列几点：1）看介词和定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配。2）看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配。3）表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用 of。4）看介词与定语从句中的形容词的习惯搭配。介词+关系代词还可以出现在下列情况：I have man

10、y friends,some of whom are teachers.We saw an old man sitting in the street corner,in front of which was a hat.China has a lot of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.1）用“不定代词 some/all/any+of which/whom”结构引导的非限制性定语从句。2）用“复合介词+whom/which”结构引导的非限制性定语从句 3）用“形容词最高级、比较级+of which/whom”结构引导的非限制性定语从句 友情提示

11、：I have many friends,some of whom are teachers._are teachers._are teachers.的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必备 欢迎下载 Eg.改正下句中的错误之处：1.This is the teacher to whom we have learned a lot.2.I live in a room,the windows of that face south.3.The

12、old man had 3 sons,two of them died in the war.4.The colorless gas(气体)which we cannot live is called oxygen.5.There are 60 students in our class,all of who get on well with each other.6.October1,1949 was the day which the People s Republic of China was founded.思考：上面第六个句子中除了用 on which 之外还可用别的词替换吗？填上下

13、面句子并比较 二关系副词引导的定语从句：when where why October1,1949 was the day _ _ the People s Republic of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day _ the People s Republic of China was founded.October1,1949 was the day _we will never forget.This is the school_ _ I used to work when young.This is the school_ I use

14、d to work when young.This is the school _ is famous in Zhangqiu.I don t know the reason _ _he is absent today.I don t know the reason _he is absent today.The reason _he told me is unbelievable.归纳：1）关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“_+_”来代替 2)先行词表示时间，地点，原因时，引导词不一定就是 when,where,why 要看他们在句中担 当的成分。关系代词在句中作_,_,_.关系副词在句中作

15、_.Eg:词排序组句子：1.the teacher the reason for class late why didn t he was believe _.2.I the place we met can t where forget for the first time _.3.Jinan I my birthday the day when went to was _.4.I three books the forst was given like I most which of _.5.a computer spent bought I money my I all which on

16、 _.三知识运用：请选你最喜欢的一个人（例如父母，同学，师长-），用英语写三个定语从句，其中可以包括以下内容：对人物的简单介绍，喜欢该人物的理由 例：The person whom I like is-She is a girl who is always-I can tell you the reason why-高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句：的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必备 欢迎下载 定语从句的考点之一 正确区分关系代词

17、 that 引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用 whose)外，其它几个功能都可用 that。但命题角度主要以 that 与 which 指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：（1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?Well,_ is OK with me.A.that;anything B.which;everything C.what;whatever D.where;something 选 A。（2）The wrong youve done him is terrible,for _ you should make a

18、n apology to him,I think.A.this B.which C.what D.that 选 B。定语从句的考点之二 正确区分关系代词(that 或 which)与关系副词 when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词 when(on which);where(in which);why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用 that 或 which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用 when，是地点名词就用 where，是 reaso

19、n 就用 why 来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如：（3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play.A.where B.when C.that D.there 选 A。（4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable.A.for which B.which C.why D.what 选 B。（5）We are living in an age _ many things are do

20、ne on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when 选 D。定语从句的考点之三 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：（6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 选 D。（7）The train that

21、stands at platform 7/standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.（8）Any article that is left in these buses/left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.定语从句的考点之四 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：（8）He made another wonderful discovery,_ of g

22、reat importance to science.A.which I think it is B.which I think is C.which I think it D.I think which is 选 B。（9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years ago Athat；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；where Dthat；that 选 D。的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学习应加强对语

23、法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必备 欢迎下载（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A.that B.which C.where D.when 选 C。定语从句的考点之五 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which,指人则用介词+whom,且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：1.根据

24、定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：（11）This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developed Afor which B that Cof which D where 选 A。（12）Anyway,that evening,_I will tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachels place.A.when B.where C.what D.which 选 D。定语从

25、句的考点之六 关系代词 as 的考查。关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由 such，the same 等修饰的先行词；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而 which 则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用 which。As 引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而 which 引导的没有。例如：（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out.A.that B.which C.as D.even 选 C。（14）Ca

26、rl said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that C.when D.which 选 D。（15）_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As C.That D.What 选 B。定语从句的考点之七 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如：（16）The teacher wanted to

27、teach us _ he knew at this last lesson.A.all which B.all what C.of which D.everything which 选 B。（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure.A.that B.one C.it D.what 选 B。（18）Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _wen

28、t wrong again.A.it repair B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired 选 C。（19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A.It B.What C.As D.Which 选 A （20）_is well-known,Antarctica is difficult to reach.A.It B.What C.As D.which 选 C。（21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.A

29、.It B.What C.As D.which 选 B。虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必备 欢迎下载 就能把握定语从句的用法。【迁移运用】练习：1.We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy.A.that B.which C.what D.

30、whom 2.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom 3.Have you seen the film Titanic,_leading actor is world famous.A.its B.it s C.whose D.which 4.The United States is made up of fifty states,one of _is seperated from the othe

31、rs by the Pacific Ocean.A.them B.those C.which D.whose 5.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_was beyond his wildest dram.A.which B.that C.where D.it 6.I drove to Jinan for the first air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where 7.Rencently I bought a

32、n ancient vase,_was very reasonable.A.which price B.its price C.the price of whose D.the price of which 8.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where 9.All the passengers and suitcases _were still waiting on the broken-down old bus had

33、 to be transferred to another long-distance bus.A.they B.who C.that D.which 10.Just like a voyageat sea,our life journey,_days are limited,is full of difficulties.选择填空：1.The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A.who B.which C.whom D.when 2.The woman _ is talking to my mother is a frien

34、d of hers.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which 3.Because of my poor memory,all _ you told me has been forgotten.A.that B.which C.what D.as 4.Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A.when B.where C.which D.who 5.Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same came

35、ra _ he lost last week.A.which B.that C.whom D.as 6.Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A.whom B.which C.who D.when 7.Where is the man _ I met this morning?A.when B.where C.which D.who 8.Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A.who B./C.that D.when 9.The man _ you talked jus

36、t now is a worker.A.who B.whom C.to whom D.to who 10.The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A.with whom B.when C.to whom D.which 11.The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A.the nurse is talking to him B.whom the nurse is talking 的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学

37、习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必备 欢迎下载 C.the nurse is talking to D.who the nurse is talking 12.The man _ around our school is from America.A.which you showed B.you showed him C.you showed D.where you showed 13.He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A.of whom B.from w

38、hom C.about that D.who 14.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which 15.Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A.that B.whom C.when D.whose 16.Finally,the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.that B.which C

39、.whatever D.all 17.The foreign guests,_ were government officials,were warmly welcomed at the airport.A.most of them B.most of that C.most of whom D.most of those 18.This is the very letter _came last night.A.who B.which C.that D.as 19.I know only a little about this matter;you may ask _ knows bette

40、r than I.A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.the one 20.This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A.where B./C.when D.what 21.This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A.where B.that C.which D.on which 22.Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A.which B.in which C.that D./23.Jack is

41、pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A.that,what B.what,that C.which,what D.that,which 24.Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A.that B.which C.its D.whose 25.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.whom B.who C.to whom D.form w

42、hom 26.Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A.the one B.which C.that D.where 27.Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A.the one B.where C.in which D./28,How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A.whose B.who C.whom D.which 29.Alice received an invitation

43、from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A.it B.which C.that D.he 30.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A.when there were B.which there were C.that there were D.where there were 31.I live in the house _ windows face south.A.which B.whose C.where D.in that 3

44、2.-What game is popular with them?-The _ most is tennis.A.game they like it B.game they like C.best game they like D.best game they like it 33.They stayed with me three weeks,_ they drank all the wine I had.A.which B.which time C.during which time D.during which 34.The room _ Mr White lives is not v

45、ery large.A.that B.which C.where D.when 35.Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A.when B.that C.at which D.where 36.Ive finished writing the novel,_ is to be published next month.的选用课标与考纲解读定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点主要考一大难关从句的学习应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考形成纯正的英对这个语法有了一定的认识本节的难点在于学生们对于介词关系代词以学习必

46、备 欢迎下载 A.that B.what C.which D.when 37.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle,_ was unexpected.A.which B.as C.that D.it 38._ we is known to all,English is not very difficult to learn.A.What B.As C.That D.Which 39.The old man had three sons,all of _ died during World War.A.whose B.that

47、 C.whom D.who 40.I have bought two pens,_ write well.A.none of which B.neither of which C.both of which D.all of which 41.Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A.why B.which C.for that D.of which 42.He failed in the exam,_ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A.which B.what C.it D.th

48、at 43.During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A.following B.followed C.to follow D.that followed 44._ was expected,he succeeded in the exam.A.It B.Which C.As D.That 45.He studied hard and later became a well-known writer,_ his father expected.A.that was what B.what was that C

49、.and which was D.which was what 46.We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A.when B.as C.whose D.what 47.You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A.when B.as C.whose D.what 48.He is absent _ is often the case.A.what B.which C.who D.as 49.It is the first time _ I have co

50、me to your city.A.that B.which C.what D.when 50.Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A.who B.that C.whom D.which 51.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who 52.This is