【公开课课件】高考英语阅读理解词义猜测公开课课件.pptx

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1、Reading Comprehension-Translate these sentencesHe is a good Christian.He is a good father.He is a good child.He is a good husband.She is a good wife.She is a good teacher.She is a good friend.他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名虔诚的教徒。他是一名慈爱的父亲。他是一名慈爱的父亲。他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个听话的孩子。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。他是一个有责任心的丈夫。她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一个贤惠的妻子。她是一名

2、敬业的老师。她是一名敬业的老师。她是一个可靠的朋友。她是一个可靠的朋友。Heavy newsHeavy food Heavy appearanceHeavy sleeperHeavy smoker晴天霹雳晴天霹雳(消息）消息）热量高的食物热量高的食物粗陋的长相粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人睡觉沉的人烟鬼烟鬼His father has died.His father has passed away.His old man has kicked the bucket.His beloved father has joined the heavenly choir.他爹死了。他爹死了。他父亲去世了。他父亲去

3、世了。他家老爷子蹬腿了。他家老爷子蹬腿了。其父已驾鹤西游了。其父已驾鹤西游了。Reading Comprehension-2022年年2020年年2021年年全国卷全国卷I新1短语embark on（=begin)名词名词beanpoles(新1);currency代词代词 that(新1)2单词单词 decimate(新1)全国卷全国卷II甲卷短语 take the plunge名词名词the offender(新2);collapsed短语an added meaning2 形容词形容词safe(全甲);全国卷全国卷III乙卷maintenance（名词）1 短语keeping tabs

4、on1 单词单词 concede(全乙)2020-20222020-2022 高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：1.把握主把握主旨要旨要义义main idea 2.理解文中具体信理解文中具体信

5、息息questions of details3.做出判读和推理做出判读和推理questions of inference 4.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义guessing words 5.理理解解 文文章的基本结章的基本结构构 6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度理解作者的意图、观点和态度。the attitude Of the authors1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明 猜猜 词词 技技 巧巧2、对比关系、对比关系3、因果关系、因果关系4、举例法、举例法5、重述、重述6、同义词、近义词、同义词、近义词7、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理8

6、.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义9.根据常见的前缀，词根和后缀进行猜词根据常见的前缀，词根和后缀进行猜词 信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as,the same as,like,as.as,to be，refer to 1、定义或解释说明、定义或解释说明Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does resea

7、rch on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班2、对比关系、对比关系 信号词信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等等 Ex.

8、2 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubbygrubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thriftythrifty.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissentdissent,write“no”.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen

9、 the money,I was sure that he was innocentinnocent of the thing.污秽的污秽的 无辜的无辜的节约的节约的不同意不同意3、因果关系、因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusEx.3Hes such a shrewdshrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trimtrim her hair a bit b

10、ecause it was too long.The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的）浅的）.精明的精明的 修剪修剪混浊的混浊的装置装置4、举例法、举例法 信号词信号词:such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and

11、 good brakes（刹车）（刹车）.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽5、重述、重述 信号词信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water their fields.All

12、whales consist of two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的6、同义词、近义词、同义词、近义词 信号词信号词:or,like,asas,the same as The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middl

13、e-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.代替代替圆胖的圆胖的7、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening t

14、o him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩8.8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：例题：Tom cant find his sneakers.C.shoesTom cant find his white sneakersTom cant

15、 play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsl）Jane is usually prompt.Alate Bon time Cpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class today.准时地准时地2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ba

16、n animal Cthe sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightTom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near猫头鹰猫头鹰3）The boy wants a pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants a brown pony The boy wants to ride a brown pony.小型马小型马4）The children are looking at an ape.Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca

17、kind of fruit The children are looking at an ape at the zooThe children are looking at a large,hairy(毛的)ape at the zoo 猿猿5）The trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit Capple The fresh trout is very cheapThe fresh trout is very cheap,but I dont know how to cook it鲑鱼鲑鱼6)The lady asked the waitress to get her

18、 a saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucerThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on茶托茶托 7)We seldom see a sparrow now.Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdWe seldom see a sparrow in the sky.We seldom

19、see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be麻雀麻雀 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀super-（超），（超），inter-（在（在之间），之间），-able（能（能的），的），mini-（极少的，微型的），（极少的，微型的），micro-（极微小的），（极微小的），re-（再，（再，反复），反复），sub-（分支的，底下），（分支的，底下），co-（共同），（共同），post-(后后)，pre-（前），（前），trans-（超越；转换），（超越；转换），under-（

20、在（在之下；之下；低于低于；不足），；不足），-hood（状态；性质；时期），（状态；性质；时期），-ish（如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）；的）；-proof（防（防的；的；不不能穿透的），能穿透的），-scope（景），（景），-ship（身份；资格；权力；（身份；资格；权力；性质），性质），-some（易于（易于的），的），-wards（向），（向），mis-（误；（误；恶），恶），un-（不；非），（不；非），in-（不；非），（不；非），im-（不；（不；非），非），dis-（不），（不），non-（不；非），（不；非），-less（不；（不；无），无），anti-（反；（反；防）防

21、），sino-（中国）（中国）9.9.根据前缀和后缀等派生词猜测词义根据前缀和后缀等派生词猜测词义【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【例2】Jason is a language specialist.【解】【解】sense 有有“心智健全、意识心智健全、意识”之意，之意，non-构成它的反义词，故构成它的反义词，故 nonsense有有 “胡言乱语，胡说八道胡言乱语，胡说八道”之意。之意。【解】解】“Special”是是“unusual”（不寻常的）之（不寻常的）之 意；后缀意；后缀“-ist”指人。指人。“Specialist”就是就是 “不寻常的人不寻常的人

22、”；也就是；也就是“专家专家”之意。之意。小试牛刀小试牛刀.A 2023泉州三模 C Another study by the Think Wood campaign concludes that nature can have a beneficial effect on creativity,concentration and well-being.Not only do cool-looking biophilic offices help companies recruit(招 聘)talent in an incredibly tight labor market,but they

23、also nudge the new talent to perform better at work.(2023泉州三模）33.What does the underlined word“nudge”in paragraph 4 mean?A.Encourage.B.Anticipate.C.Remind.D.Promise B 2023广东二模 CClare says the concept has been used for years in different ways.Scientists sample pathogens(病原体)from the air,which has bee

24、n used to help track COVID-19.Environmental DNA can also be collected from water to help ease invasive species.33.What does the underlined phrase“the concept”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Detecting danger in the air.B.Protecting endangered animals.C.Sucking DNA out of the air.D.Collecting environmental

25、samples.C 杭州质检In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall,I wrote that this year is about our colleges core values of inclusion,innovation,and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection.Today,these core values persist,with interconnection taking on even greater significance.Our collab

26、orative spirit has always given us an advantage-academically,creatively,culturally,and now,remotely.30.What does the underlined word collaborative mean in paragraph 3?A.Cooperative.B.Pioneering.C.Independent.D.Adventurous.What have you What have you learned today?learned today?同义词同义词近义词近义词重述重述构词法构词法生活经验和常识生活经验和常识举例法举例法因果因果对比对比定义定义猜猜上下文上下文祝同学们高考顺利祝同学们高考顺利