2023年新概念英语第一册语法重点难点点超详细知识汇总全面汇总归纳.pdf

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1、 新概念一册语法点汇总 第一部分:时态8种 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1.一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。1含有 be 动词的句子 The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句三步骤：将 be 动词移到句首，首字母大写，句号变问号。Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not The girl is not very beautiful.Ti

2、m and Jack are not students.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.2不含有 be 动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词 She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句三步骤：在句首加 does,动词变为原型，问号变句号。Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否认句在主语及动词之间加 doesnt,动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化：有了助动词的帮助，句中动词变回原形！Sh

3、e doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定答复及否认答复：Yes,she does.No,she doesnt Yes,it does.No,it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句：在句首加 do，句号变问号。Do you want to have a bath?Do we have an

4、y meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加 dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I do.No,I dont.Yes,we do.No,we dont Yes,they do.No,they dont.2.现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+be 动词+动词的现在分词 doing We are having lunch.He is re

5、ading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running

6、 after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词 What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1.表示感觉，感官的词 see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时 3.一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yes

7、terday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is 的过去式为 was，are 的过去式为were I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beaut

8、iful ten years ago?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定答复否认答复 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式 I finished my h

9、omework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句三步骤：在句首加 did，动词变为原型，句号变问号。Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否认句在主语和动词之间加 did not I did not finish my homework yesterday.T

10、he boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.4.现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词 have,has+过去分词 done 用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和 just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)He

11、 has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)They have already had their holiday.(不能再度假了)The boy has already read the book.(已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked

12、 for this school for 1 year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情 I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen.I have hu

13、rt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加 not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：I

14、ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.5.一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和 tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用 结构：主语+助动词 will+动词原形 do I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the

15、 month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加 not I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Ja

16、pan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?6.过去完成时 用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：主语+助动词 had+过去分词 done After she had finished her hom

17、ework,she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Had she finished her homework?变否认句在助动词后面加 not She hadnt finished her homework.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.特殊疑问句

18、：What had she done?7.过去进行时 表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在 when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：主语+was/were+现在分词 doing When my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8 过去将来时 结构：主语+would+动词原形 do She said she would go here the

19、next morning.两个 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 结构 1)Be going to 结构 表示打算，准备，计划做某事 结构：主语+be 动词+going to+动词原型 I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is th

20、e father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.特殊疑问句 What are you going

21、 to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2)There be 句型 表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the table There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Is there

22、 a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否认句在动词后面加 not There is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,there is.No,there is not.Yes,there are.No,there are not.第二部分 其他句法及词法 9 问句 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否认疑问句 1)一般疑问句：助动词/be 动词+主语 Are you a teacher?

23、Do you want to have a cup of tea?2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What is your name?3)选择疑问句：or Do you want beef or lamb?4)反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否认疑问部分，否认陈述部分+肯定疑问部分 You dont need that pen,do you?5)否认疑问句：一般疑问句+否认词 Arent you lucky?Dont you want have a rest?10 限定词：some,any,many,much some,any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any 用于否认句和

24、疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定答复时用 some many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用 many,much,而用 a lot of,在否认句中表示很多用 many,much.I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.11 名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 1)不可数名词 无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点：不能用 a,an 修饰 不能加 s 和单数 be 动词或

25、动词搭配 2)可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加 s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g.shellshells bookbooks 规则2 以 s,x,ch,sh结尾+es e.g.foxfoxes churchchurches,bus buses,watchwatches 规则3 以 o 结尾+s 或+es e.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,hero heroes,tomatotomatoes，(口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)，剩下一般加 s,radio radios 规则4 以 f,f

26、e 结尾的，变 f,fe 为 ves e.g.lifelives half halves,shelfshelves,citycities,wife wives 规则5 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es e.g.skyskies fly flies 3)不规则变化的名词复数形式 man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)child(children)sheep(sheep)deer(deer)mouse(mice)fish(fish)12 副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Th

27、e book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副词变化形式：直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，把 y 变 I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast,hard,late 有些词加上-ly 后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately 13 情态动词的使用

28、：can,must,may,might,need,1)情态动词 can(能够)，must(必须)，may(可以)结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型 He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首 Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?变否认句在情态动词后面加 not He cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot sp

29、eak English.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,he can.No,he cannot.Yes,she can.No,she cannot.Yes,we can.No,we cannot.特殊疑问句：What can you do?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加 S。2)Must/have to的区别 must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而 have to do可以用在任何时态 3)must,may,might表示猜测：must do 表示对现在事实的

30、猜测 must have done表示对过去事实的猜测 must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测 may/might do,may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能 14 need 用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer?No,I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done，表示被动 The flowers need wat

31、ering.Need在否认时做情态动词使用 You neednt go so early.=You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now?No,you neednt.15 不定代词及不定副词：Some any no every thing something anything nothing everything one someone anyone anything everyone where somewhere anywhere anywhere everywhere body somebody anybody

32、nobody everybody 1)I looked for my book everywhere,but I cant find it anywhere.2)If you want go somewhere,if you want to be someone,you must wake up.3)Help!Somebody?Anybody?4)You are really something.5)Since everybody is here,lets begin our class.6)Where did you go?I went nowhere.7)Nobody is at home

33、.8)I have nothing left.16 感慨句：1)What+名词+主语+谓语 What a beautiful girl she is!2)How+形容词+主语+谓语 How beautiful the girl is!17 祈使句：祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句 动词原型 例，Come here,please.Go downstairs,please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾 Come in,

34、Amy.Sit down here,Tom.Mary,give me a book please.否认：Dont+动词原型 Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb.do Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.反意疑问：Lets have a walk along the river,shall we?被问的人也一同去 Let us go out for a drink,will you?被问的人不去 18 倒装句：so/neither的倒装 He

35、 can swim.So can I.I didnt go to class.Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+主语 so/neither+助动词+主语 so/neither+情态动词+主语 一般现在时，do,does/am,is,are 现在进行时，am,is,are 一般过去时，did 现在完成时，have,has 一般将来时，will,shall,过去进行时，was,were 过去完成时，had 过去将来时，would 19 直接引语/间接引语 如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词 1)时态变化：一般现在时-一

36、般过去时 现在进行时-过去进行时 一般过去时-过去完成时 现在完成时-过去完成时 一般将来时-过去将来时 be going to-was/were going to/would can-could may-might 2)时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there,tomorrow-the next day,the following day,this-that 3)人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4)直接宾语/间接宾语 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用

37、名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.me 间接宾语，a book直接宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词 to 或 for 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语 Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.20 其他 1)代词及 be 动词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I we you you she/he/i

38、t they 宾格 me us you you her/him/it them 代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 动词现在时 Am are are are is are be 动词过去时 was were were were was were 2)名词的复数 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g.shellshells toytoys 规则2 以 s,x,ch,sh结尾+es e.g.foxfoxes churchchurches

39、 规则3 以 o 结尾 s 或+es e.g.radioradios potatopotatoes 规则4 以 f,fe 结尾的，变 f,fe 为 ves e.g.lifelives half halves 规则5 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es e.g.skyskies studystudies 3)动词的第三人称单数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g.like-likes,look-looks 规则2 以 s,x,ch,sh结尾+es e.g.do-does,catch-catches 规则5 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i+es e.g.carry-carries,fl

40、y-flies 4)动词现在分词 规则一 一般动词加-ing e.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing 规则二 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去 e 加-ing e.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving 规则三 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping 5)动词过去式 规则动词变化 规则一 一般动词加-ed e.g.look

41、-looked,watch-watched,play-played 规则二 以 e 结尾的加-d e.g.make-maked,arrive-arrived 规则三 以辅音字母加结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed cry-cried,carry-carried 规则四 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped,过去式的读音 在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/e.g.walked,jumped 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/e.g.washed,watched 在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.waited,hated 6)形容词和

42、副词的比较级 比较级 规则一 一般加-er e.g.high-higher 规则二 以结尾加-r nice-nicer 规则三 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加-er busy-busier,规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter,形容词和副词的最高级 最高级 规则一 一般加-est e.g.high-highest 规则二 以结尾加-st nice-nicet 规则三 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加-est busy-busiest 规则四 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-est fat-fattest 7)常见缩写：is=s I a

43、m=Im are=re is not=isnt/iznt/are not=arent/a:nt/do not=dont does not=doesnt was=s did not=didnt can not=cant have=ve has=s have not=havent has not=hasnt will=ll will not=wont shall not=shant 新概念一共144 课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本

44、教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson 31 34 现在进行时 Lesson 37 40 第一次出现 be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51 56 一般现在时 Lesson 67 76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83 90 为现在完成时 Lesson 9196 为一般将来时(will)Lesson 117118 过去进行时 Lesson 119120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型

45、所占据的76 课我们一起来看一下以下的68 课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson1 2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me.Yes?Pardon?Thank you very much.语法点：主系表结构 this 为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定答复。Is this your handbag?Yes,it is.Lesson 5 6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont.Nice to meet y

46、ou.语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French.He is German.Its a Volvo.(L6)a/an 的使用。Lesson 7 8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?What nationality are you?Whats your job?特殊疑问句。Lesson 9 10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。介词短语表示位置 near the window,on the televion,on the wall Lesson

47、 29 30 语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈使句肯定。动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson 37 38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。语法点：现在进行时态 be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson 41-42 语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson 63-64 语言点：建议忠告。语法点：dont do.You mustnt do Lesson 65-66 语法点：具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟。反身代词。具体日期表达方式。Lesson 73-74 语言点：问路。语法点：不规则动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。Lesson 77-7

48、8 语言点：看病。语法点：综合时间表达方式。Lesson 105-106 语言点：办公室用语。语法点：want sb to do./tell sb to do 以及其否认形式。Lesson 103-104 语言点：考试。语法点：宾语从句。从句部分为非现在时态 程度副词 too,very,enough Lesson 125-126 语言点：/语法点：have to do/dont need to do Lesson 127-128 语言点：娱乐界。语法点：must/cant 对现在事情的肯定/否认猜测。Lesson 129-130 语言点：交通状况。语法点：must/cant have been

49、.对过去事情的肯定/否认猜测。Lesson 131-132 语言点：度假。语法点：may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否认猜测。以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：现在完成时：Lesson 83 90 直接引语变成间接引语：Lesson 99 102 形容词的比较级和最高级：Lesson107112 neither,so 的用法：Lesson 113114 不定代词的用法：Lesson 115116 过去进行和过去完成时：Lesson 117120 定语从句：Lesson 121124 情态动词的综合用法：Lesson 125132 直接引语变间接引语：Lesson 133136 着重讲时态的倒推 if

50、的用法：Lesson 137140 被动语态：Lesson 141144 英语中的时态一共有八种，它们是：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。今天我们所要讲的就是第一种：一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。1、含有be 动词的句子 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack stu