2023年人教版八年级英语上册Unit2知识点归纳总结讲解与练习.pdf

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1、Unit2 How often do you exercise?Section A 知识讲解 一.help with housework 帮助做家务 1.help with sth.意为“帮助做某事”2.help sb.with sth.=help sb._ sth.帮助某人做某事 Eg:I often help him _ his English.=I often help him _ English.我经常帮他学习英语。【拓展】1.help oneself to 请随便吃/喝 Please help yourself to some cakes.2.cant help doing sth

2、情不自禁做某事 I cant help falling in love with that girl.我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。二housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1.They have housework to do.A.many B.much 三.sometimes 有时 辨析：sometimes，some times，sometime，some time sometimes 有时候。=at times=from time to time 也是“有时”的意思。some times 几次。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。sometime 某个时

3、候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。some time 一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 how long。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”。练习：We plan to stay in Hainan for .我们打算在海南呆一段时间。I am sure that we have met before.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。I have letters from him.有时我会收到他的来信。四.hardly ever 几乎不 比较：hard、hardly 和 hardly ever hard 作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard 作副词时常用来

4、表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”，位于动词之后。This ground is too hard to dig.这块地太硬，挖不动。They tried hard to succeed.他们努力工作，以求得成功。Hardly 副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后，不表示频率。常用来修饰表示能力的词，如 can,could 等。He can hardly play football.他几乎不会打篮球。There is hardly any coffee left.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了 hardly ever 是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎

5、没有”，相当于 almost not,seldom。练习：There is _ _food left.几乎没有食物剩下。He _ _.他几乎不工作。He _ _.他工作努力。五Whats your favorite.?=What.do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？=_ 六.free 意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词 busy。be free 意为“闲着，有空”eg:：He is free now.他现在有空。拓展：free 还可译为“免费的”Eg：The tickets are free.票是免费的

6、。七 quite full 很忙，相当忙.1.adj.full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。反义词是 empty，意为“空的”。Eg：The bus was full when they got there.翻译_.拓展：A be full of B.=A be fill with B;A中充满了 B。The room is full of students.The bus is full of people.The hall is _ people.A.fill with B.full with C.filled of D.filled with 2.full adj.“饱的”。其反义词是 h

7、ungry，意为“饥饿的”。Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？Eg：I cant eat any more，I am quite full.我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。八 maybe “也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。Eg：Maybe he knows Tom.也许他认识 Tom。辨析：maybe 和 may be maybe “也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybe you are right.也许你是对的。may be“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be 动词”结构。（位于句中）You may be right.你也许是对的。Lily an English

8、 teacher.Lily 可能是一名英语老师。=_ 九.at least 意为“至少”。其反义词为 at most“最多”。Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school._。十.how often 意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用 once/twice/three times a day(一天一/两/三次)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，very often(经常)等。How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？【拓展】词语 词义 用法 答语特征 how long 多久 询问

9、时间多久 for/about+一段时间 how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often,twice a week 等 how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+一段时间 how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes walk how many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数 how much 多少 询问不可数名词数量 数词+表示量的词+不可数名词 多少钱 询问价格 数词+钱 十一.look、see、watch 和 read 辨析：look 为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词 at，指看的动作。see 着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。read 多指“

10、看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”。watch 表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。一 want sb.to do sth.的否定形式为 want sb._to do sth.Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens.否定：She wants me_ him some pens.拓展：1.want sth.想要某物 2.want to do sth.想要做某事 3.want(sb.)to do sth.=would like/love(sb.)to do sth.二 be good for 意为“对有益”。反义词为 be bad

11、 f or“对有害”。Eg:Vegetables are good for you.蔬菜对你有好处。【拓展】1.be good to“对好”，其反义短语为 be bad to“对不好”。2.be good at“在方面擅长”，at 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为 do well in。She is good at English and Chinese.=She does well in English and Chinese.她擅长英语和汉语。I am good at _（play）basketball.3.be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”。Are you

12、 good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework.三.Here are the results.这是（调查）结果。here 位于句首，句子要倒装。Here is+单数名词。Here are+复数名词.Eg：Here is your jacket.这是你的夹克。四.1.百分数由 percent 来表示，构成：基数词+percent，常用“数词percent of名词”这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看 percent of 后跟的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语应该用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语应该

13、用单数 Thirty percent of the students _(like)watching game shows.70 percent of water _(be)salty water(盐水)。五surprised 惊奇的，感到意外的 1.be surprised at sb./sth./doing sth.对感到惊奇，We are surprised at the news.2.be surprised to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶。Im very surprised to meet you here.3.be surprised that+从句.因而感到惊讶。Im su

14、rprised that he came here on time.【拓展】surprising 令人惊讶的 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地；吃惊地 六the answers to questions 问题的答案 the way to sp 去某地的路 七.most students=most of the students 大多数学生 1.most+复数名词.Most birds can fly.大多数鸟儿会飞._ 大部分时间 2.most of+限定词+复数名词 most of the girls,most of my friends 3.

15、most of+人称代词宾格 most of them/us _ the students like reading the story.A.Most B.Most of 4.the+most+多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。This is the most beautiful flower.这是最漂亮的花。如果 most 前有不定冠词 a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于 very。She is a most beautiful girl.她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。八.although “虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although 与 but 不能同时 使用。1._it rai

16、ned，the boys still played outside.=It rained，_ the boys still played outside.2.Although I get up early,I cant catch the early bus.=I get up early,but I cant catch the early bus.My cousin knows a lot about geography，he is only four years old.A.because B.so C.although 九.Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth.意为“

17、（对某人来说）做某事是的”。Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class.上课认真听讲很重要。Its easy for us to swim.对我们来说游泳很容易。Its very hard for him to study English._ 练习 1.It is very important for us _ English well.2.its very nice _ you _my parents your best wishes.3.I often have hamburgers for lunch.Youd better no

18、t.Its bad for you _ too much junk food.十.by+交通工具 乘.by+时间 到.时（为止）by+地点 在.旁边【拓展】through 和 by 的区别、through 后常加名词表示手段媒介，through exercise 通过锻炼 by 后常加工具或 v-ing,by working hard (by doing sth.通过做某事)十一.such as 例如；像这样。后面跟名称、代词、动词的 ing 形式 Eg:I have a lot of hobbies,such as _and _.我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。拓展：such adj.&pro

19、n.这样的；那样的；类似的；作形容词时，其后修饰名词。Tom lives in such a large house.汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。such 和 so 二者都有“如此；这样”的意思，但具体用法相异。such 用来修饰名词，so 用来修饰形容词或副词。sucha/anadj.n.(单数)suchadj.n.(复数/不可数名词)soadj./adv.soadj.a/ann.(单数)sucha/anadj.n.(单数)somany/few/much/little n.(复数/不可数名词)He is such a clever boy.He is so clever a boy.Its

20、such fine weather today.They didnt have so much time to do their homework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。十二.spend 意为“度过”或“花费（时间、金钱）”。Eg:Come and spend the weekend with us.来和我们一起度过周末吧。spend timemoney on sth.在.上花费时间或金钱.=spend timemoney（in）doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事 He didnt spend much time on his homework.=He didnt spend m

21、uch time_ his homework.I spend 200 yuan on a new coat.=I spend 200 yuan _ _ a new coat.Dont spend too much time watching TV.=Dont spend too much time _TV.He always spend his time playing football.=He always spend his time _ football.拓展比较：1.cost 的主语是物 sth.costs sb.金钱/时间 某物花了某人多少钱/时间。doing sth.costs s

22、b.时间 做某事花了某人多少时间。2.take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：It takes sb.时间/金钱to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。3.pay 的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付 20 英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth.付的钱。例：I have to pay for

23、the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺 t worry!Ill pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人。例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。十三.through prep.以；凭借；穿过 He became rich through hard work and ability.他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。The sunlight was coming in through the window.through，across，over through

24、意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。across 意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。over 意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。They walked through the park after supper.I swam across the river and felt very tired.Can you jump over the table?十四.however“然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Eg:She was ill.However,she still went to work.她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but 和 how

25、ever but 直接连接前后两个句子，转折的意味比 however 强，特别表示非常明显的对比，。However “然而，但是”。不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。Eg:1.It began to rain,_,we went out to look for the boy.2.It a sunny morning，_very cold.这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。十五.more than 相当于 over。意为“超过，多余”。There are more than 2000 books.十六.less than six.少于 6 小时。less than 意为“不到，少于”。其反义

26、词为 more than over“多余，超过”Eg：She sleeps less than seven hours every night.他每晚的睡眠时间不到 7 小时。We know Tom for 20 years.我们认识 Tom 超过 20 年了。拓展：less 是 little 的比较级，She has less milk than me.二十二.none none 与 no one,nobody 的用法区别 1.no one=nobody，两者均只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：No one Nobody _ 谁也不知道。No one Nobody _ it.没人喜

27、欢它。注：按传统语法，两者之后均不能接 of 短语。2.none 既可指人也可指物，其后通常接 of 短语；用作主语若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数或复数。None of the food was left.一点食物都没留下。None of the books is are interesting.没有一本书有趣。3.none 暗示一种数量，“一个也没有”，而 no one 或 nobody 指“谁都没有”，回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提问时，通常用 no one 或 nobody。体会：A：How

28、many English books have you read?你读过多少本英文书?B：None.一本也没读。A：How much money did you give her?你给了她多少钱?B：None.一分也没给。A：Who went to see the film?谁去看电影了?B：No one Nobody.谁也没去。I用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or _?What are the_?（different)2.Eating fruit can help you _(get)more vitamins.3.My d

29、ad wants me_(be)a lawyer.4.The boy is doing_(exercise)on the.paper.5.The girl is taking_(exercise)to keep healthy.6.The little boy is _(exercise).7.She_ (say)its good for you.8.Eating vegetables every day is a_ (health)lifestyle.9.The old man doesnt have _ (many)money.10.1 dont know if Bill is _ (he

30、alth).二、单项选择 选出句中相应空白处的最佳答。()1.Would you like some _ to drink?No,thanks.A.tomatoes B.coffee C.potatoes D.chicken()2.She was a quiet girl,but she is very _ now.A.beautiful B.lazy C.friendly D.active()3.Are you tired now,Kate?Sure(当然).I can _ walk on.A.hardly B.often C.usually D.always()4 I eat _ meat

31、 because I dont want to be too heavy.A.lots of B.much C.more D.less()5.Her lifestyle is the same _ her brothers.A.as B.for C.with D.to()6.My parents are not at home,so I have to _ my little sister.A.look at B.look like C.look after D.look out()7._ hours do you exercise every day?Two.A.How long B.How

32、 far C.How much D.How many()8.How often does your mother shop?_.A.Once a week B.Three times C.five and six times a week D.For a week()9._more fruits and vegetables is good _ our health.A.Eating;to B.Eats;for C.Eating;for D.Eat;for()10.A lot of vegetables _you to keep in good health.A.make B.want C.t

33、ry D.help()11.Peter is _because he hardly ever exercises.A.tired B.happy C.healthy D.unhealthy()12.He knows a lot _he is still(仍然)a child.A.so B.although C.but D.or()13.My dad _a lawyer(律师)when I grow up.A.wants me to B.wants me to be C.became D.wanted()14.My mother_ surfs the Internet,she likes wat

34、ching TV.A.doesnt hardly ever B.hardly ever C.isnt hardly ever D.hardly never ()15._does he do on the weekend?-He often helps his mother with housework.A.How B.How often C.What D.How soon()16.-What_ you usually _on weekends?-I usually _guitar.A.did;do;play the B.do;do;play C.do;did;play D.do;do;play

35、 the()17.-Are you late for class?-_.A.Yes,never B.Yes,sometimes C.No,ever D.No,usually()18._he was tired,_he didnt stop to rest A.Although,but;B.Although,/;c.though;but;()19.Can you help me _the house?A.cleaning B.with clean C.of cleaning D.clean()20.Lisa _eight hours every night.What about you?A.ea

36、ts B.drinks C.plays D.sleeps 课后练习：一.根据要求完成句子。1,_ _ Bill usually do _ _?比尔周末通常做什么？2_ _ do you _ the Internet?_ a week.你多久上一次网？每周两次。3.She often reads English books.（改为一般疑问句）_ she often _ English books?4.My parents want me to be a doctor.（对划线部分提问）_ _ your parents want you to be?5.My favorite movie is M

37、r Bean.（对划线部分提问）_ _ your favorite movie?6.Do you like to drink milk?（作否定回答）_,I _.7.My grandpa keeps in good health.（改为同义句）My grandpa _ _.8.He goes to the park three times a week.(对划线部分提问)_ _ does he go to the park?9_ Im_ _unhealthy 也许我有点不健康 10.牛奶对健康有利 Milk_ _ for your health.二.单项填空 1.How often does

38、he exercise?_.A.He is twelve B.He exercises by bus C.Twice a week D.About one hour.2.My father wants me _ vegetables every day.A.to eat B.Eating C.eat D.eats 3.80%students like the watch.What does“80%”mean?_.A.None of the students B.All the students C.Some of the students D.Most of the students 4.Ha

39、ve you ever been to Hai Nan?No,_.A.ever B.never C.some times D.usually 5.Mike is a _ boy.He does exercise every day.A.health B.unhealthy C.healthy D.healthily 6.Is your book _ as mine?A.same B.some C.a same D.the same 7.Drinking milk and eating vegetables _ our health.A.are good for B.are good at C.

40、is good for D.is good at 8.Mary tries _ a lot of vegetables.A.eat B.to eat C.eats D.drink 9.Katrina reads English books three _ four times a week.A.at B.in C.to D.of 10.Do you like to go _?A.skateboard B.to skateboarding C.a skateboarding D.skateboarding 11._ he is ill,_he goes to school.A.Although;

41、but B./;/C.Although;/D.But;although 12.They watch TV_.A.one a week B.once a week C.one the w eek D.once week 13.The old man is well because he often_.A.exercises B.drinks C.sleeps D.play 14._do you read English books?Twice a day.A.How many B.How much C.How long D.How often 15.Lily usually starts the

42、 day _breakfast.A.with B.from C.at D.of 16.Nancy is because she has a good habit.A.tall B.busy C.interesting D.healthy 17.Xiao Zhang watches TV.He likes surfing the Internet.A.hard ever B.hardly ever C.doesnt hard ever D.doesnt hardly ever 18.Eating a lot of vegetables good for your health.A.am B.is

43、 C.are D.be 19.The boy is too young to himself.A.look at B.look after C.look on D.look up 20.He late for school.A.is often B.often is C.does often D.often does 一、重点短语 help with housework 帮助做家务 on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不 once a week 每周一次 twice a month 每月两次 be free 有空 go to the mo

44、vies 去看电影 use the Internet 用互联网 swing dance 摇摆舞 play tennis 打网球 stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动 be good for 对有好处 go camping 去野营 notat all 一点儿也不 in ones free time 在某人的业余时间 the most popular 最受欢迎的 such as 比如；诸如 old habits die hard 积习难改 go to the dentist 去看牙医 more than 多于；超过

45、 less than 少于 at least 至少 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 二、句型荟萃 help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about?.怎么样？/好不好？want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？有多少?主+find+that 从句.发现 spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是的。ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth.通过做某事 Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式