【课件】阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧+课件高三英语二轮复习.ppt

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1、 高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题 考题趋势考题趋势难度略有增加，需在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得到答案。常见考查方式有：1.直接猜测某个单词的含义；2.判断文中的某个代词的指代对象；3.对文中的多义词或短语进行准确定义；4.对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行间接的或解释性的描述。解题策略解题策略1:1:通过语境来猜测词义通过语境来猜测词义由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等，因此解题时关键要联系主旨、整合上下文信息,即根据语境判断词义。语境可能是句子甚至段落。语境可分为：小语境、中语境和大语境。Buthesnervous.“Imheretotellyoutod

2、aywhyyoushould.should.”Chris trips on the“-ld”,a pronunciation difficultyfor many non-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“.Votefor.me.”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstoprais

3、ehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.Buthesnervous.“Imheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould.should.”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisp

4、eringsupport.“.Votefor.me.”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.答案:C排除反推解题策略2:排除反推词义猜测词义

5、猜测 词义词义词义词义-本身本身本身本身 上下文上下文上下文上下文-关键词关键词关键词关键词 情景情景-逻辑情感逻辑情感排除反推Phytoplankton（浮游植物）liveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whenthese organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an importantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplankton

6、arevulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes keycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.43.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordvulnerableinParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeab

7、le.典典 题题 解解 读读Phytoplankton（浮游植物）liveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whenthese organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an importantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming

8、changes keycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.43.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordvulnerableinParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.答案：A典典 题题 解解 读读排除反推She may just need a little p

9、ersuading.So I try again and tug at theheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsarentevenonAtthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,Illdoit.”25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Enco

10、urageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at theheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsarentevenonAtthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes

11、,Illdoit.”25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.答案：B排除反推Of course,onlyare todaystopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.

12、VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,addsHil.26.What do the underlined words taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainst典典 题题 解解 读读Ofcourse,onlyaretodaystopWesterndesignersbeinginfluen

13、cedbyChina-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion arethemselvesChinese.VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,addsHil.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwordstakingoninparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competi

14、ngagainst答案：D典典 题题 解解 读读排除反推Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifeshalfwaymark.Imnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecantallgetthere.Imtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingye

15、ars.52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？（）A.Endonesstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteonesenergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifeshalfwaymark.Imnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothet

16、op.Wecantallgetthere.Imtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？（）A.Endonesstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteonesenergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

17、D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案：D排除反推Moneywithnostringsattached.Itsnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedt

18、heirowncashtotheboard.24.Whatdoestheexpressionmoneywithnostringsattachedinparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.典典 题题 解解 读读Moneywithnostringsattached.Itsnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmon

19、th,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.24.Whatdoestheexpressionmoneywithnostringsattachedinparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymad

20、e.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.答案：C典典 题题 解解 读读排除反推总结总结:词义词义词义词义-本身本身本身本身上下文上下文上下文上下文-关键词关键词关键词关键词情景情景-逻辑情感逻辑情感反推典 题 演 练Practice解题策略解题策略3:3:通过指代内容猜测词义通过指代内容猜测词义指代词汇的猜测，是指找出人称代词，指示代词，关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。1.联系前后段落，理解前后两段的内容2.根据代词的类型来找到它的指代成分，即找到前边句子里出现的相应的名词及相当于名词的表达。We shared the

21、belief that if youre fortunate enough to havesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinancia

22、llyandbyshowingupatevents.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.典典 题题 解解 读读Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsf

23、orkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthat broughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.26.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Theirbelief.答案：AB.Theircareforchild

24、ren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.典典 题题 解解 读读代词指代代词指代Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-state and the spread of universal compulsory e

25、ducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecaused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such asEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined inparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerf

26、ul.D.Modern.典典 题题 解解 读读Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especiallyglobalisationandbetterc

27、ommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecaused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such asEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined inparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.答案：C典典 题题 解解 读读Ifyouhaveajuice

28、r,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesasoft-servecreamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26.Whatisajuicerinthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adr

29、ink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.答案：D典典 题题 解解 读读Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1probablymean?A.The

30、more,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.答案：A典典 题题 解解 读读A study from the University of California at Davis suggested thatreplacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric,self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions fromtransportatio

31、n80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially availabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybe fieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.49.What does the underlined word fielded in Paragraph 4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.答案：A典典 题题 解解 读读SummarySummary词义猜测题策略：1.通过语境来猜测词义2.排除反推3.通过指代内容猜测词义