专四专八近义词辨析.pdf

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1、专四专八近义词辨析（精心整理版，有红色单词详细解释）abide,adhere,conform,comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后 接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后 接to表示“遵守”。（当然adhere 一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。）Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后 接to表示“遵守，符合”。

2、All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by theirgovernments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后 接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on payingtaxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。abnormal,uncommon,disordered这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的（但

3、并非罕见），指行为或现象（如气候）的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days,the highestpoint reaching 40.5 degreecentigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。（尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。）uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommaon instant coffee;it tastes

4、great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；（精神或身体）有病的。We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。abolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动（如旅行、计

5、划、会议等）的取消；删去（字、句）。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from furthercompetition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from theintestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。（这一点需要注意

6、。）After your picnic,please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与 include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed fromentering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extin

7、guish v.熄灭，扑灭（火）；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了 大火。abstract,digest,outline,summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。digest n.（篇幅较长的）摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Readers Digest 读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲

8、,概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把 自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。absurd,ridiculous,silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。

9、ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy 傻4、子abundant,plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a.（数量）充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this co

10、untry.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。accent,tone,dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙 口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他

11、的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect 四川方言access,assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近,进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to thatswimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估（财产，价值）。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new a

12、partment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。accommodate,afford,furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供 500 位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent thedelivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant a

13、fford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge,it isthinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。accomplis

14、hment,attainment,achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣（常用作复数）；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainmen

15、ts 造诣极高的学者achievement n.可 指 抽 象 的“成 就”，或 具 体 的“成 绩”，与accomplishment 是同义词。accuse,charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。acquire,attain,obtain,gain,ea

16、rn,achieve,secure这一组动词都有“获得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires manyhabitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson atta

17、ined his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期

18、挣多少钱？achieve-得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了 成功和财富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的“。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了 100 万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。acute,critical,crucial,urgent

19、这一组形容词都有“严重的，重要的”意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的（病）。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为“关键的“，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指”批判性的，分析性的 It is critical that you study hard for the examor you will fail it为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。c

20、rucial a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的“，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为“紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的“，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调“紧急的“状态。We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,al

21、ter,modify,transform,vary这九个动词都含有“调整、改变”的意思。adjust V.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物（机器、钟表等）进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行；多含有“控制”之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正（错误、文章、合同等）。He rectified the mistake in the cont

22、ract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amend v.（正式用语）指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于 1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alte

23、r v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry,and his friends told him to modify hisbehavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Re

24、modeling transformed an old,dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。admit,confess,concede这几个动词都有“承认”的意思。admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认（罪行、过错等），含有“坦白、招认”的意思。

25、He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指“以退为进”的承认。The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police thathe had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。affiliate,link,attach,append这一组动词都有“附加”的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为.一部分。an affiliated middle scho

26、ol *所附属中学link v.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加（与 attach的意思比较接近）。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,p

27、roclaim这一组动词都有“声称”的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是 deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent.她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood atthe time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。c

28、laim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work therewould be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diflTusion o

29、fknowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v.宣布；宣告（成立）。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify这一组动词都有“加强”的意思。aggravate v.加重（负担、罪行、病情等），使之恶化。I hurt my foot,then aggravated it by

30、 trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；（以添加材料等）加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed toreinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于 to become stronger。E

31、xercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition,they believe,strengthens the national character ratherthan corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intenseor intensive ointensify colors 加深色彩intensify hatred 加深仇恨alert,cautious,considerate这一组形容词都表示“

32、小心的，谨慎的”。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing,alert to every guests drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。ali

33、ve,live,living,lively这一组形容词都跟“活“有关。alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident,he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。Who is the worlds greatest living artist?谁是现在还

34、健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?living room 起居室lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively young girl,always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。alleviate,diminish,reduce,decrease,decline这一组动词都有“减少，减轻”的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了 疼痛。diminish%指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。T

35、he supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了 他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v.（数目、价格、比率）下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。Last year,the crime rate in

36、Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝力口哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。allocate,separate,detach,divide这一组动词都有“分开”的意思。allocate v.分配，把.拨给。The city government allocated money for schools and the police inthis years budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。We separate

37、d the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。ambiguo

38、us a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of thetwo roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。obscurea.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understandbecause it co

39、ntains so many obscure references.艾兹拉庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。vaguea.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚,该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。He has some vague ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以

40、辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺amplify,enlarge,stretch,magnify,reinforce,expandamplify v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述（故事、事件等）。We must ask you to am

41、plify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarges扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。enlarge photograph 放大照片 enlarge a house 扩建房屋stretch v.（有弹性地）伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出（身体某部位）并绷紧肌肉（尤指在放松后或为了够着某物）。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。Having finished their morning work,the clerks stood up b

42、ehind theirdesks,stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。magnify-放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援，加固。expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded,then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。anger,fury,indignation,resentment这一组名词都有“

43、愤怒、生气”的意思。anger n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。After their argument,he expressed his anger by punching the otherman in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares 公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤resentment n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到

44、伤害后而产生的愤慨。There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyones paywas lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。apparent,evident,manifest,obvious,distinct这一组形容词都有“明显的”之意。apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。He is very unhappy,and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的，明显的，

45、与 apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crimescene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest,but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。It is obvious that that wom

46、an has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。applaud,clap,commend,praiseapplaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。

47、clap v.拍打，其用法是 clap ones hand=applaud,不能说 applaud oneshandsoclap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂,赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good wor

48、k.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。area,district,region,vicinity,zone这一组名词都有“区域”的意思。area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如 Xicheng district北京西城区region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如“自治区”；身体部位。The northeast regi

49、on of the USA includes New York and the six NewEngland states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。vicinity n.周围地区，附近地区。The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in thevicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区ozone n.指特定的地方、地带。The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开

50、辟商业区。assembly,conference,congress,rally,seminar,session,summit,symposium这一组名词都表示“会议”的意思。assembly n.集合,集会。The assembly of students takes place in theauditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.（专门性的）会议,讨论会。The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。congress n.代表大会，（美国的）