专四英语语法考点串讲.pdf
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1、语法回顾篇:专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、a s 的特殊用法。专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考 点 1.与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用 were),主句谓语动词 would(should,could,might)+do;考 点 2.与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+have done;例如:43.1 the party much more
2、if there hadnt been quite sucha crowd of people there.A.would enjoy B.will have enjoyedC.would have enjoyed D.will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if therequite such a crowd of people there.A.werent B.hasnt been C.hadnt beenD.wouldnt考 点 3.与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用:did(should+do
3、或 were+to do),主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+doo例如:43.If your car any attention during the first 12 months,take it toan authorized dealer.(08 年)A.shall need C.would need,B.should need D.will need考点4.时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看
4、病,你现在就没事了。考点5.虚拟条件句i f可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were,h a d或should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。例如:6 5.,he would not have recovered so quickly.(05 年),A.Hadnt he been taken good care of,B.Had he not been taken good care of,C.Had not he been taken good care of,D.Had he been not taken good care of考 点6.in sist(一个坚持);or
5、der command(两 道命令);suggest,advise,propose(三条建议);ask,require,request,demand(四点要求)及相应的名词的从句,谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形例如:58.It was recommended that passengers smoke during theflight.(04 年),A.not B.need not C.could not D.would not考点 7.It is+advisable,essential important,imperative,incredible,等等相关的从句,谓语要使用:
6、should+动词原形或动词原形例如:46.I t is imperative that students their term papers on time.(04 年),A.hand in B.would hand in,C.have to hand in D.handed in考点8.it is high(about)time th a t的结构中,从句使用一般过去式例如:54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.(06 年)A stopped B had to stop C shall stop Dstop考点9.much a
7、 s尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句,从句中用wouldhave done表示假设,可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉,真诚。例如:52.Much as,I couldnt lend him the money because Isimply didnt have that much spare cash.(99 年)A.I would have liked to B.I would liketo haveC.I should have to like D.I shouldhave liked to考 点 10.if o nly表示要是就好了相当与wish,as if/asthough的用法。与现在事
8、实相反:动词过去式与过去事实相反:had+done与将来事实相反:could/would+do例如:52.If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!(06 年)A would B could C shouldD might备考1.w o u l d r a t h e r 或 w o u l d s o o n e r 后跟宾语从句,从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟,表示“宁愿某人作某事”例如:The manager would rather his daughter in the same officenow.A.had
9、not worked B.not to workC.does not work D.did not work备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。在lest,for fearthat等引导的状语从句中,通常用(should+)原形动词”这一虚拟语气形式例如:The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest hehimself.A.injure B.had injured C.injuredD.would injure专四语法考点串讲之二情态动词考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(2)某些
10、情态动词的特殊用法1.must have v-edmust have v-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can*/couldnt have v-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。例如:Since the ditch is full of water,it must have rained last night.2.could have v-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了3.may/might have v-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。4.ought to/should have v-ed 和 ought not
11、to/shouldn)t have v-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句,表示不应完成但已做的动作5.needn,t have v-ed表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要,例如:You neednt have waken me up;I dont have to goto work today.注意:did not need to d o 动作并没发生例:I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1)can1 表示“
12、不可能,may not 表示 不可以,mustnt(mustnot)表示“不许可 禁止“,neednl(need not)表示 不必“,dare not+动词原形表示“不敢”(2)must表推测 的否定现在式用cant,过去式用couldn5t(3)May I/we.?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes,please.或Certainly;否定回答为 Please dont.或 No,you mustnt.例如:“May we leave now?”No,you mustnt.You haventfinished your home work yet.(4)need I/w e?这一类疑问句的肯定
13、回答为Yes,we must;否定回答为neednt 在 回 答m u st引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用m ustnt,一 而 要 用 neednt 或 dont have to(6)May/might as well may.but.(表转折)(7)I wish to go home with you,may I?(8)Do help yourself to have fruit,wont you/will y o u?(表示一种委婉的请求)*情态动词短语的使用would like to do.would rather do.would rather+从句would prefer
14、to do.had better do.*情 态 动 词:will(愿意),shall(将),must(必须),can,may,would,should(应该),might,could,ought to,used to(过去常常),need(需要),dare(竟敢),have to(不得不)dare,need也可作一般(行为)动词*情态动词一般用法的否定:mustnt 不准,禁止,不要 c a n,t(c o u l d n,t)不会;不能;may(might)not 不可以;neednt没 必 要(=dont have to)used not/usednt to 或 didnt use to
15、.dare not 不敢*情态动词推测用法Must 一定,肯定能Can/could 可能可能may/might”可能,也许“不,可能不*推断用法过去不cant(couldnt)不可Cant(couldnt)不May(might)not 也许should/ought to”按理应当,应该是;shouldnt 不 应 该(=ought not to)*情态动词+have+done结构表示对过去动作的推测1.must have done:对过去的肯定推测,译 作“一定做了“,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为 can t/couldn t have doneIt must have rained las
16、t night,for the road was quite muddy2.can/could have done:对过去的可能性推测,译作“可能做了”。只能用疑问句中Can/Could he have said it?他可能说过那种话吗?3.may/might have v-ed:对过去的可能性推测,译 作“也许能,有可能。It s too late.I think he may have gone to bed.*情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示轻微的责备和后悔肯定:过去应该做而没有做;否定:过去不该(不必)做而做了。might/could+have+过去分词:“本来可以,早就应该“(
17、只用于肯定句,且不能用may,can)You could have told me you were going to be late!.你应当早告诉我你会晚到的!should(ought to)+have+过去分词:“本应”(没做)should not(ought not to)+have+过去分词:“本不该”(做T)You should not have handed in your composition yesterdaymorning.你本不应把作文交了。You should have been here earlier.你应该早点来才对。3.neednt+have+过去分词:“本不
18、必,本不须(need只用于否定句)(做了)You neednt have woken her up.Its only s ix.你其实不必叫醒她。现在才六点。注意:did not need to d o动作并没发生(没做)彳 列:I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*八大注意点1.在以could,m ight表示征询对方意见或表示请求口寸,回答应相应使用can,may一 Might I watch TV after supper?一 Yes,you.A.may B.must C.might D.can2.May I/we.?
19、这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes,please.或Certainly;否定回答为 Please dont.或 No,you m ustnt.例如:“May we leave now?”“No,you mustnt.You haven51finished your home work yet.,3.need I/we.?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes,we m u s t;否定回答为neednt4.在回答m ust引起的问题时,肯定m ust;如果是否定的答复,不能用 m ustnt,而要用 neednt 或 dont have to5.1 wish to go home with you,may
20、 I?6.Do help yourself to have fruit,wont you/will y o u?(表示一种委婉的请求)7.Shall用于第三人称,表示许可,允许8.lets do this job,shall we?Let us do this job,will you?9.should也表示惊讶的语气,例如:I was shocked that she should have said such a thing toyou.(她竟然对你说那样的话,.)*四大特殊结构1.may/might as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于had betterYou
21、 may as well do it at once.2.may well+动词原形”是一种常见的结构,意为“(完全)能,很可能”He may well be proud of his son.他大可为儿子高兴。3.cannot.too/enough表 示“无论怎么.也不算过分”、“越.越好”You cannot be too careful.4.had better 最好You had better not wake me up when you come in.*两大类区别:一、表示能力:can,be able tobe able t o能用于各种时态。can/could只能表示现在或过去
22、的能力*was/were able to:“设法做成某事”相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth.二、used to 和 would 的区别used to过去常常(但现在已无此习惯,would无此含义)He used to drink beer,now he drinks wine.他过去喝啤酒,现在喝白酒。would只能用来谈动作;used to用来谈动作或状态(可与be,live,like,stay等状态动词连用):He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。W
23、e used to live in a small tow n.(不能用 would)Be used to doing sth:习惯于做某事专四语法考点串讲之三非谓语动词非谓语动词是历年专四测试的重中之重,每年试题一般一到两 道(1-2分)命题特点1.非谓语动词的时态与语态;2.非谓语动词的否定式;3.动词不定式的各种形式及应用;4.-ing结构的各种形式及应用;5.-ed结构在句中的不同用法;6.非谓语动词作状语、宾语等的辨析;7.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。【非谓语动词基础知识】一个句子当中,已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分。动词不定式;现在分
24、词;过去分词;动名词I.不定式的时态及语态一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或进行式 to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生用途:表将来 表某一次具体的动作 表目的I have a lot work to do;I do not like to dance;Tolearn English well,I practice more.2.动名词一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式 Having done having been do
25、ne 在谓语动作之前用途:抽象、习惯性(his hobby is paint ing;I am proudof being a Chinese)3.分词的时态和语态现 在 分 词 一 般 式doingbeing done完成式 having done having been done过去分词 done用途:现在分词:主动、进行、令人的过去分词:被动、完成、感到.的The swimming boy is T o m.(主动、进行)the room facing south(主动)The film is disappointing.Tom is disappointed(令人的)/(感到)Look
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