2023年计算机网络实验指导书.pdf

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1、 计算机网络实验指书武汉工程大学计算机学院2 023年9月 计算机网络实验一实验名称:互换机的配置及VLAN的划分实验目的：熟悉互换机的C L I,力口深理解VLAN、T ru n k.Spa n n i n g T re e 等一些相关的概念。实验内容:对互换机进行一些基本的配置，学习对互换机各端口进行基本的参数设立,同时学习 VLAN的划分和用ISL协议配置干线。实验设备：两台Cisco Ca ta ly s t 1 9 0 0 互换机、一台Ci s co 2621路由器和四台P C。实验环节：1、按实验原理图连接设备，为四台主机设立I P 地址：主机IP地址子网掩码默认网关A172.1

2、6.10.2255.2 55.25 5.0172.16.10.1B172.16.30.52 5 5.2 55.255.0172.1 6.30.1C172.16.3 0.2255.255.255.017 2.1 6.30.1D172.16.10.52 5 5.2 55.255.0172.16.10.1(RouterSia Ketvork V isualizer-E圆F ile Edit Vie*Insert Labs Tools KelpJ与山*wm通3 宝图用“Ping”命令检测各主机间的互通性。:Console fo r Host A13回区）File Edit View Tools Hel

3、pM icrosoft Windows 2000 Version 5.00.2195(C)Copyright 1985-1999 M icrosoft Corp.C:pingUsage:ping-t-a-n count-1 size -f -i TTL-v TOS-r count-s count -j h o st-list I -k h o s t-lis t-v timeout target_nameOptions:-t Ping the specified host u n til stopped.To see s ta tis tic s and continue-type Contr

4、ol-Break;To stop-type Control-C.-aResolve addresses to hostnames.-n countNumber of echo requests to send.-1 sizeSend buffer size.-fSet Dont Fragment flag in packet.-i TTLTime To Live.-v TOSType Of Service.-rcountRecord route for count.hops.-s countTimestamp for count hops.-3h o st-listLoose source r

5、oute along h o st-list.2、将互换机与终端相连，加电启动互换机，在用户接口菜单中选择“K”，进入互换机“命令行”配置模式；3、在“用户模式 下输入Enable”进 入“特权模式”，在“特权模式”下输入“con f 3进 入“全局配置”模式;.；Console for 1900 Svitch A13回区）File Edit View Tools Help 口 囤System Serial Number:Power Supply S/N:PCB Serial Number:FAB0338S10AAPQ032404SAFAB033723UJ,73-3122-041 user(s

6、)now active on Management Console.User Interface MenuM MenusK Command LineEnter Selection:CLI session with the switch is open.To end the CLI session,enter Exit.Enable#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z(config)#4、用“h o s t name”命令为互换机命名;r*Console for 1900 Switch AFile Edi

7、tView ToolsHelpa n I.V1 user(s)now active on Management Console.User Interface MenuM MenusK Command LineEnter Selection:CLI session with the switch is open.To end the CLI session,enter Exit.Enable#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/Z(config)#hostname与 Incomplete command.(c

8、onfig)#hostname 11(config)#v5、用“i p addre s s 172.1 6.10.1 1 1 2 55.2 55.2550命令为互换机指定一个 ip地址；6、按ctrl+z回 到 特权模式 下，用 s h v e r 、sh ru n ning和 s h o w int”命令分别查看互换机的软件版本、配置和端口状态;/Console for 1900 Svitch A|nX|File Edi t View Tools Help心口u，_Hardware is Built-in lOBase-T人Address is 00b0.9aal.a7b0MTU 1500

9、bytes,BW 10000 Kbits802.id STP State:Forwarding Forward Transitions:1Port monitoring:DisabledUnknown unicast flooding:EnabledUnregistered multicast flooding:Enabled-Hore-1$Duplex/Flow Control setting:Half duplexEnhanced Congestion Control:DisabledReceive StatisticsTransmit StatisticsTotal good frame

10、s215Total frames581Total octets20906Total octets40585Broadcast/multicast frames215Broadcast/multicast frames581Broadcast/multicast octets20906Broadcast/multicast octets40585Good frames forwarded44Deferrals0Frames filtered171Single collisions0Runt frames0Multiple collisions0No buffer discards0Excessi

11、ve collisions07、对另一台互换机反复环节2一 6;注：更换环节5命令中的ip地址.；Console for 1900 Svitch B13回区）File Edit View Tools Help g u vHardware is B u ilt-in lOBase-T 4Address is OObO.9561.55e8MTU 1500 bytes,BW 10000 K bits802.id STP S tate:Forwarding Forward T ransitions:1Port m onitoring:D isabledUnknown u n icast floodin

12、g:EnabledU nregistered m u lticast flooding:Enabled一More一25Duplex/Flov Control se ttin g:H alf duplexEnhanced Congestion Control:D isabledReceive S ta tis tic sTransm it S ta tis tic sT otal good frames215T otal frames581T otal o ctets20906T otal o ctets40585B roadcast/m ulticast frames 215B roadcas

13、t/m ulticast frames581B roadcast/m ulticast o ctets 20906B roadcast/m ulticast o ctets40585Good frames forwarded 44D eferrals0Frames filte re d171Single co llisio n s0Runt frames0M ultiple co llisio n s0No buffer discards0Excessive co llisio n s08、回到第一台互换机的配置界面，在“全局配置”模式下,用命令“v t p d o m a i n w h i

14、 ct ”设定一个v t p 域;9、用“i n t f O/2 6”和 i n t f 0/2 7 ”分别进入两个快速以太口配置模式,用“t r u n k o n”命令将它们置为“干 线（T r u n k）”;13回区）.；Console for 1900 Svitch A1 0、用环节8、9中的方法将第二台互换机设为与第一台互换机在同一个V t p 域中,并处在“c1 i en t”模 式（用“v t p c l i en t”命令），同时，将“f 0/2 6”端口设为“T r u n k”；1 1、回到第一台互换机的配置界面，在“全局配置”模式下，用“v i a n 2 n a m

15、e t ea c h er 设定v l a n 212、用“in t eO/1”进入端口 1 配置状态，用 a v lan-memb e rship s ta t ic 1”将该端口划到v lan 1;13、用“int eO/5”进入端口 5 配置状态，用 v lan-m e mbership s tatic 2”将该端口划到vlan 2;1 4、用同样的方法将第二台互换机的端口 2 和端口 5 分别划到vlan 2 和 v la n 1;15、对 C ISCO262 1 路由器进行配置，进入全局配置模式,然后，用“in t f 0/1”进入指定端口的配置，用“no shutdow n”启动该

16、端口；1 6、用“int fO/1.1、e n c a p i s 1 1”和“ip add r ess 1 7 2.1 6.10.1 25 5.255.255.0”将一个子接口划归vlan 1,并进行ISL协议的封装和i p 地址的指定；Press RETURN to get started!人 Console fo r 2621 Router A臼回凶File Edit View ToolsHelpa心口RouterenableRouterjconf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZRouter(confi

17、g)#int fO/1Router(config-if)#n。shutdown20:10:14 LINK-3-UPD0W:Interface FastEthernetO/1,changed state to up20:10:14 hLINE PROTO-5-UPD OTO:Line protocol on Interface FastEthernetO/1,changedRouter(config-if)#int fO/1.1Router(config-subif)#encap isl 1A*Invalid input detected at A marker.Router(config-su

18、bif)#encap isl.1%Invalid input detected at 1 marker.Router(config-subif)#encap isl 1Router(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-subif)#v17、用“int f 0/1.2、en cap isl 2”和“i p add re s s 172.16.30.1 2 55.2 5 5.2 55.0 M将一个子接口划归vlan 2,并进行ISL协议的封装和ip地址的指定；,；Console fo r 2621 Rout

19、er AFile Edit View Tools HelpIQ 口 I VRouter#conf t公Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZRouter(config)#int fO/1Router(config-if)#no shutdown20:10:14 LINK-3-UPDOWN:Interface FastEthernetO/1,changed state to up20:10:14%LINE PROTO-5-UPD 0 W:Line protocol on Interface FastEthernetO/1

20、,changedRouter(config-if)#int fO/1.1Router(config-subif)#encap isl 1A看 Invalid input detected at 11 marker.Router(config-subif)#encap isl.1A女 Invalid input detected at marker.Router(config-subif)#encap isl 1Router(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0Router(config-subif)#int fO/1.2Route

21、r(config-subif)#encap isl 2Router(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.30.1之 Incomplete command.Router(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0Router(conf ig-siAbif)#v实验规定：按照上述实验环节进行对的的配置后，位于不同v l a n的计算机应当可以互相进行 通 讯（用“P i n g ”命令检测）。实验原理图：计算机网络实验二实验名称:路由器及路由协议的配置实验目的：1、进一步理解路由器的重要组成部分及其功能，初步掌握

22、I OS的一些基本命令,学习对路由器进行安全设立和基本的平常维护。2、理解运用路由器I P包进行路由的基本原理及方法，初步掌握相关的一些I O S命令,学习对路由器的路由表进行查看。实验内容：1、学习检查路由器的重要参数和进行一些基本的设立；2、学会对路由器进行各种口令的设立;3、掌握路由器一些关键文献的备份。4、静态路由的配置；5、R IP协议的配置；6、IG R P 协议的配置实验设备：三台Cisco 25XX路由器和一台PC。实验环节:一、路由器的基本配置1、将路由器与终端相连，加电启动路由器，进入命令行配置方式;2、在“用户模式”下输入“Enab 1 e”进 入“特权模式”，在“特权模

23、式”下输入“conf t”进 入“全局配置”模式;3、用 hostname”命令为路由器命名;4、用“int e（F、in tsO、“i n t t oO”命令进入路由器的某个端口的配置状态，这时可为路由器的该端口指定进行一些参数（如：IP地址、速率等）的设立;5、按“ctrl+z回 到“特权模式 下，用 shver、“sh r unn i ng、“s h start”和“showin t”命令分别查看路由器的IOS版本、配置和端口状态；C Console for 2621 Router A|口|x|File Edit View Tools HelpAfsh verTCisco Interne

24、twork Operating System SoftwareIOS(tm)C2600 Software(C2600-BIN-M),Version 12.2(13)T1,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)TAC Support:http:/X J W.cisco,com/tacCopyright(c)1986-2003 by cisco Systems,Inc.Compiled Sat 04-Jan-03 05:58 by ccaiImage text-base:0 x80008098,data-base:0 x80C4AD94ROM:System Bootstrap,Version

25、11.3(2)XA4,RELEASE SOFTWARE(fcl)2600A uptime is 3 days,3 hours,3 minutesSystem returned to ROM by reloadSystem image file is,rflash:c2600-bin-mz.122-13.Tl.bin,rcisco 2621(MPC860)processor(revision 0 x101)with 27648K/5120K bytes of memoryProcessor board ID JAB0402040J(2308906173)M860 processor:part n

26、umber 0z mask 49Bridging software.X.25 software,Version 3.0.0.2 Fas tE the m e t/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)MoreA#Console for 2621 Router A.|口|X|File Edit View Tools Help昌 心口空A#shou in tFastEthernetO/0 is adm inistratively down,lin e protocol is downHardware is AmdFEz address is OObO.9540.dbf8(bia OObO.

27、9540.dbf8)ITTU 1500 bytes,BW 100000 K bit,DLY 100 usee,r e lia b lility 255/255,txload 1/255,rxload 1/255Encapsulation ARPA,loopback not se tKeepalive se t(10)Full-duplex,lOOMb/s,lOOBaseTX/FXARP type:ARPAZ ARP Timeout 04:00:00Last input 00:00:50,output 00:00:04z output hang neverLast clearing of,rsh

28、ov in terface counters neverQueueing strateg y:fifoOutput queue 0/40,0 drops;input queue 0/75,0 drops5 minute input rate 0 b its/s e c,0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 1000 b its/s e cz 0 packets/sec588 packets input,74628 bytesReceived 588 broadcasts,0 ru n ts,0 g ian ts,0 th ro ttle s0 input e rr

29、o rs,0 CRC,0 frame,0 overrun,0 ignored0 watchdog,0 m ulticast0 input packets w ith dribble condition detected231 packets output,53712 by tes,0 underruns0 output e rro rs,0 c o llisio n s,1 in terface resets_MoreA#二6、练习“c t r l+A 、“ctrl+E、“c t rl+B、“c t rl+P”等组合键的使用；7、学习如何进行“端口配置模式”、“全局配置”、“特权模式”和“用户

30、模式”之间的转换，学习不同状态下帮助的获得；8、练习进行各种命令的配置和解除，涉及：“console p a s sw ord、telnet p assword 、aux i 1 ia r y passwod”、*enable passw ord、secret password”等；1、rout e r(conf ig)#e n a b le pas s wo r d cisco命令解释:启动特权密码保护。2、r outer(confi g)#e n able secret class命令解释：启动特权密匙保护。这两个密码是用来限制非授权用户进入特权模式。由于特权密码是未加密的，一般都推荐用户

31、使用特权密匙，且特权密码仅在特权密匙未使用的情况下才会有效。配置控制端口的用户密码1、r o u t e r (co n f i g)#1 ine cons o le 0命令解释：进入控制线路配置模式。2、r o u te r(c o n fig-li n e)#login命令解释:启动登陆密码保护3、r o u ter(c o nfi g-1 in e)#pa s s wor d ci s co命令解释:设立密码为ci s c o,这里的密码区分大小写。配置辅助端口(AUX)的用户密码：1、r o uter(co n fi g)#line au x 0命令解释:进入辅助端口配置模式。2、ro

32、uter(conf i g-1i n e)#logi n命令解释:启动登陆密码保护3 r o u t e r(co n f ig-lin e)#p a s s wo r d cisc o命令解释:设立密码为c i SCO,这里的密码区分大小写。配置VTY(teln et)登陆访问密码：1、r outer(con f ig)#li n e v t y 0 4命令解释:进入VTY配置模式。-2、router(c o n f ig-1 ine)#1 o g in命令解释:启动登陆密码保护3、r outer(c onfig-1 i n e)#passwo r d cisc o命令解释:设立密码为ci

33、s c o,这里的密码区分大小写。Console for 2621 Router A.|口|X|File Edit View Tools Help昌IQUI 图-5 minute input rate 0 b its/se cz 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 1000 b its/se cz 0 packets/sec588 packets input,74628 bytesReceived 588 broadcasts,0 runts,0 giants,0 th ro ttles0 input errors,0 CRC,0 frame,0 overrun

34、,0 ignored0 watchdog,0 m ulticast0 input packets with dribble condition detected231 packets output,53712 bytes,0 underruns0 output errors,0 co llisio n s,1 interface resets-More-A#AM ENABLETranslating r,ENABLEr,.domain server(255.255.255.255)%Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find comput

35、er addressA#EnableTranslating rrEnable,r.domain server(255 255 255 255)%Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find computer addressA#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZA(config)tenable password ciscoA(config)#line console 0A(config-line)flogin%Login disabled on li

36、ne 0,u n til 1 password is setA(config-line)#passuord cisco _A(config-line)#Console for 2621 Router A|口|X|File Edit View Tools Help昌门口,A(config-line)#login看 Login disabled on line 0,u n til password is setA(config-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)#A#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.E

37、nd with CNTL/ZA(config)#line vty 0 4A(config-line)#login%Login disabled on line 66,u n tilpasswordisset女 Login disabled on line 67,u n tilpasswordisset%Login disabled on line 68,u n tilpasswordisset%Login disabled on line 69,u n tilpasswordisset%Login disabled on line 70zu n tilpasswordissetA(config

38、-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)#A#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZA(config)#line aux 0A(config-line)#login生 Login disabled on line 65,u n til password is setA(config-line)#passwrd cisco*Invalid input detected at A marker.A(config-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)#

39、Console for 2621 Router A.|口|X|File Edit View Tools Help“ENABLET1Translating ENABLE”.domain server(255.255.255.255)看 Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find computer addressA#EnableTranslating Enable“，domain server(255.255.255.255)生 Unknown command or computer name,or unable to find compu

40、ter addressA#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZA(config)tenable password ciscoA(config)#line console 0A(config-line)#login%Login disabled on line 0,until password*is setA(config-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)#A#conf tEnter configuration commands,one per line.End with

41、 CNTL/ZA(config)#line vty 0 4A(config-line)#loginA(config-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)”Login disabled on line 66,imtilpasswordis setLogin disabled on line 67,untilpasswordis setLogin disabled on line 68,untilpasswordis setLogin disabled on line 69,untilpasswordis setLogin disabled on line 70,u

42、ntil,passwordis set9、用“copy runn i n g-conf i g s t a r tup-con f ig”将配置文献保存到 NV RAM 中，下次启动路由器时可自动运营这次保存的配置文献;Enter configuration commands,one per line.End with CNTL/ZA(config)#line vty 0 4A(config-line)#login Console for 2621 Router A _|口|x f|FileEdit ViewTools Help1 心口0 1A(config-line)password cis

43、coLogin disabled on line 66,u n tilpasswordissetLogin disabled on line 67,u n tilpasswordissetLogin disabled on line 68,u n tilpasswordissetLogin disabled on line 69,u n tilpasswordissetLogin disabled on line 70,u n tilpasswordissetA(config-line)#A#conf tEnter configuration commancis,one per line.En

44、d with CNTL/ZA(config)#line aux 0A(config-line)#login生 Login disabled on line 65,u n til password is setA(config-line)#passwrd cisco看 Invalid input detected at A marker.A(config-line)#password ciscoA(config-line)#copy running-config startup-configA%Invalid input detected at marker.A(config-line)#A#c

45、opy running-config startup-configD estination filename startup-config?10、用 u show fla sh”查看现在的 IOS 文献，用 cop y flash t ftp和 c o py tftp flash可分别将IO S 文献从路由器中复制到t f t p 服务器(1 72.16.30.2)中和将I O S 文献从t即 服务器(17 2.16.30.2)中复制到路由器中；Console for 2621 Router A.|口|X|File Edit View Tools Help昌.A(config-line)#co

46、py running-config startup-config%Invalid input detected at marker.A(config-line)#A#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?show flash?Bad filename%Error parsing filename(Bad file nvuober)A#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status1 6973004 c2600-bin-mz.12

47、2-13.T1.bin6973068 bytes used,891252 available,7864320 total8192K bytes of processor board System flash(Read/Urite)A#copy flash tftpSource filename?File name not specifiedError parsing filename(Unknown error 0)A#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host?A?Invalid host address or name%Error parsi

48、ng filename(Bad file number)一A#_二1 2、用“copy sta r tu p -config tftp”命令可将配置文献保存到t f t p服务器的磁盘上,可方便对路由器进行管理;C Console for 2621 Router A-11 x|File Edit View Tools Help凸 T 目%Invalid input detected at marker.-A(config-line)#A#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?show flas

49、h?Bad filenameError parsing filename(Bad file number)A#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status1 6973004 c2600-bin-mz.l22-13.Tl.bin6973068 bytes used,891252 available,7864320 total8192K bytes of processor board System flash(Read/Write)A#copy flash tftpSource filename?File name not sp

50、ecifiedError parsing filename(Unknown error 0)A4copY tftp flashAddress or name of remote host?A?Invalid host address or name与Error parsing filename(Bad file number)A#copy startup-config tftp*Incomplete command.A#_13、用“1 in e vty 0 4、“lo g in、“p ass word xxxxx”为该路由器设立 a t e 1 net pa s sword”以便可以从网络中其