新视野大学英语课文第三册.pdf

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1、Unit 1AMy brother,Jimmy,did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery,leaving him withbrain damage,and two years later I was born.Since then,my life revolved around my brothers.Accompanying my growing up was always go out and play and take your brother withyou.I couldnt go anywhere without h

2、im,so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my housefor some out-of-control kid-centered fun.My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put on a belt.My father,a saint,simply held the house together with his patience and understanding.I was in charge outside where I ad

3、ministered justice by tracking down the parents of thekids who picked on my brother,and telling on them.My father and Jimmy were inseparable.They ate breakfast together and on weekdays drove off to the navy shipping center everymorning where they both workedJimmy unloaded color-coded boxes.At night

4、after dinner,they would talk and play games late into the evening.They even whistled the same tunes.So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991,Jimmy was a wreck,beneath his carefuldisguise.He was simply in disbelief.Usually very agreeable,he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words

5、couldpenetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face.I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work,but no matter how much I tried tomake things stay the same,even Jimmy grasped that the world hed known was gone.One day I asked,You miss Dad,dont you?His lips quivered and then he asked,Wh

6、at do you think,Margaret?He was my bestfriend.Our tears began to flow.My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy.He didnt adjust to going to work without my father right away,so he came and lived withme in New York City for a while.He went wherever I went

7、 and seemed to adjust pretty well.Still,Jimmy longed to live in my parents house and work at his old job and I pledged tohelp him return.Eventually,I was able to work it out.He has lived there for 1 1 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on hisown.He has become essential to the nei

8、ghborhood.When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking,he is your man.My mother was right,of course:It was possible to have a home with room for both hislimitations and my ambitions.In fact,caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much asJimmy does has

9、 enriched my life more than anything else ever could have.This hit home a few days after the September 11th disaster on Jimmys 57th birthday.I had a party for him in my home in New York,but none of our family could join us becausetravel was difficult and they were still reckoning with the sheer terr

10、or the disaster hadbrought.I called on my faithful friends to help make it a merry and festive occasion,ignoring the factthat most of them were emotionally drained and exhausted.Instead of the customary No gifts,please,I shouted,Gifts!Please!My friends people Jimmy had come to know over the years br

11、ought the ideal presents:country music CDs,a sweatshirt,one leather belt with J-l-M-M-Y on it,a knitted wool hatand a cowboy costume.The evening led up to the gifts and then the chocolate cake from his favorite bakery,and ofcourse the ceremony wasnt complete without the singing.A thousand times Jimm

12、y asked,Is it time for the cake yet?After dinner and the gifts Jimmy could no longer be restrained.He anxiously waited for the candles to be lit and then blew them out with one long breathas we all sang Happy Birthday.Jimmy wasnt satisfied with our effort,though.He jumped up on the chair and stood e

13、rect pointing both index fingers into the air toconduct us and yelled,One.more.time!We sang with all of the energy left in our souls and when we were finished he put both histhumbs up and shouted,That was super!We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world,therew

14、ould always be people who cared about him.We ended up reminding ourselves instead.For Jimmy,the love with which we sang was a welcome bonus,but mostly he had justwanted to see everyone else happy again.Just as my fathers death had changed Jimmys world overnight,September 11th changedour lives;the wo

15、rld wed known was gone.But,as we sang for Jimmy and held each other tight afterward praying for peace aroundthe world,we were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and familywould get us through whatever life might present.The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everythin

16、g for us should not have beensurprising.There had never been any limitations to what Jimmys love could accomplish.Unit 1BIt was an autumn night in my native Nova Scotia.A light rain was falling,making tapping sounds on the tin roof and the smell of mould filledthe old lodge we were vacationing in fo

17、r the weekend.A shiver in the air inspired a fire on the Franklin stove.We were all sipping hot chocolate and then my father went over to the upright piano,pushed up the sleeves of his shirt and began picking out a tune with one finger.He was not much of a pianist,but he knew the love of song and fa

18、mily.My mother put down her sewing and joined him on the bench and then my brother driftedto the piano as well.Finally,a poor singer and so usually a violinist instead,I added my voice for a line or two.My father,ever considerate,said,See,you can sing,darling.That was good.I have often remembered ho

19、w warm,happy and loved I felt growing up.It took me years,though,to learn that the love in our family didnt just happen.In fact,love never just happens not even to people who seem as naturally loving as mymother and father.But,I would hedge to bet,there is a framework you must live within to let thi

20、s gift that hasno rivals mature.First,love needs time.Perhaps people can recognize in a moment the possibility for love,and make granddeclarations such as I love you within weeks of having met,but this love is comparable tothe beginning of a long road up a mountain with many ups and downs.Mature lov

21、e is like a living organism.It parallels the life of an oak tree,growing slowly from a seed in the mud to a slender trunkwith barely any leaves and finally into its sheltering glory.We cannot manipulate or speed up the amount of years it needs to grow,but must instead,with wit and patience,appreciat

22、e one anothers differences and share one anothers joysand pains over time.So it is sad when divorces are caused by small provocations,when parents and childrengive up on one another,when friendships fall apart at the first injury,when we give up onlove.Too often we say farewell to someone we have lo

23、ved without due thought and end uppaying an emotional toll that is quite costly.I once knew a father and son who,saddled with their respective troubles in life,had drawnso far apart over the years that they found little to say to each other.And,without each other,their lives had become hollow.The so

24、n,just out of college,had planned to spend the summer traveling in an old yellowlorry on the two-lane highways that connected the country together before freeways.One day,when he was nearly ready to leave,he spotted his father approaching on a busystreet and was struck by a singular loneliness in th

25、at long familiar face.He invited him to stop for a beer.Then on impulse,he said,Dad,come along.Lets spend a summer together.At great risk to the family business,the father,a furniture salesman,went along with hisson.Together they camped,climbed mountains,sat by the sea and explored city streets ands

26、leepy villages.I learned more about being a father in the last two months than in all my sons 21 years,the father told me shortly after their trip.Everyones life should have room for loves worth risking sizable pieces of time we think wecant spare.We should not mislead ourselves into thinking that t

27、he ones we love must be like us.The key is to recognize and appreciate our differences.Those differences provide the mystery and wonder of human relationships.Love needs another,harder-to-find quality as well,the ability to let go.In the early years of my marriage,I had faulty notions that my husban

28、d should want to bewith me all the time.On our first visit to his familys house,I discovered that the men did things together and thewomen did the same.My father-in-law stole my place next to my husband in the front seat of the car,and the twoof them often went out together,leaving me with the women

29、.I complained and made my husband miserable,caught as he was between the people heloved.My mother-in-law said wisely,Being with his father is one part of his life;being with you isanother.Be happy about both of them.I learned that love is like an elastic band that must stretch apart before it pulls

30、you backclose to one another.It is a coming tide whose waters retreat a little after a single wave,but the next one iscloser to your heart than the one before.Finally,love needs words to make it real.Without words,quarrels cant be resolved and we lose the power to share the meaning ofour lives.The i

31、mportant thing is to acknowledge and express our feelings.In this way,we can truly send the spirits of those we love as well as our own soaringupwards.Love is not a single act,but a lifetime adventure in which we are always learning,discovering,growing.It is neither destroyed by a single failure nor

32、 won by a single kiss.It can only be achieved through patience and understanding.Unit 2ASports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes,particularlyfemales,frequently have iron deficiencies.Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that evenmoderate

33、exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program ofmoderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss,says Roseanne M.Lyle,associateprofessor at Purdue.Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three time

34、s a week for sixmonths was published in the journal Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise.Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounceback,she notes.But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.Iron deficiency is very common

35、among women in general,affecting one in four femaleteenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45,respectively.But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of femaleendurance athletes.This means,Lyle says,that too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in.Women

36、of childbearing age are at greatest risk,since their monthly bleeding is a majorsource of iron loss.Plus,many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat,whichcontains the most easily absorbed form of iron.And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weigh

37、t,they may notconsume enough iron-rich food,and are liable to experience a deficiency.The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance of iron,notes another expert.For a woman who already has a poor iron status,any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip h

38、er over the edge into a more serious deficiency,notes the expert.Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.Some iron is lost in sweat,and,for unknown reasons,intense endurance exercise issometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system.Athletes in high-impact sports

39、such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.There are three stages of iron deficiency.The first and most common is having low iron reserves,a condition that typically has nosymptoms.Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the se

40、cond stage of deficiency,when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transportoxygen to the working muscles.In the third and final stage,people often feel weak,tired,and out of breath and exerciseperformance is severely compromised.People think that if theyre not at t

41、he third stage,nothing is wrong,but thats not true,says John L.Beard,who helped design the Purdue study.Youre not in stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero,and if you wait until that point,youre in trouble.However,most people with low iron reserves dont know they have a deficiency,becausetradit

42、ional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood(by checking levels of theblood protein that transports oxygen)are not sufficient,Beard states.Instead,its important to check levels of a different compound,which indicate the amountof storage of iron in the blood.While active,childbearing age

43、women are most likely to have low iron stores,he notes,Men are not safe,especially if they dont eat meat and have a high level of physicalactivity.(An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.)Beard andother experts say its advisable for people in these groups to have

44、a yearly blood test tocheck blood iron reserves.If iron levels are low,talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected bymodifying your diet or by taking supplements.In general,its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet,because iron supplements can h

45、ave serious shortcomings.Supplements may produce afeeling of wanting to throw up,and may be poisonous in some cases.The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed bythe body,are meat,chicken,and fish.Good sources of other forms of iron include dates,beans,and

46、 some leafy greenvegetables.Select breads and cereals with the words iron-added on the label,writes sports dietexpert Nancy Clark.This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.Eat thesefoods with plentiful Vitamin C(for example,drink orange juice with cereal or put a t

47、omatoon a sandwich)to enhance the amount of iron absorbed.Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans,as food can derive iron from the pan duringthe cooking process.The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a strikingincrease,the level going up nearly 30 times,she

48、writes.And people who are likely to havelow iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals,she says,since substances inthese drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices,sums up PurduesLyle.If you pay attention t

49、o warning signs before iron reserves are gone,you can remedy thedeficiency before it really becomes a problem.Unit2BJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also powerup the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a posi

50、tiveeffect on mental functioning.Its clear that the brain benefits from exercise,says brain scientist William Greenough ofthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physicalexercise provides the brain with more fuel