新视野大学英语读写教程第一单元.pdf

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1、NHCE Book IVReading and WritingStudenfs BookUnit 1PreviewA persons reputation is one of the most important things he possesses and itdeserves protecting.The key to building a good name is to be consistent.You willnot win the favor of the public or the people around you overnight.In fact,it willtake

2、many years of efforts before you establish your proper place in society.Onceyou have earned a good name,be careful to maintain it through civility,integrityand humility.Section APre-reading A ctivitiesFirst ListeningListen to a passage about Oscar Wilde and quotations from him.Oscar Wilde was famous

3、 not only for his plays and offensive public behavior,butalso for his cynical quotations.Here are two quotes and their meanings.The firstquote is,“No man is rich enough to buy back his past.It means that a personshould be careful about the choices he or she makes in life,because somemistakes can nev

4、er be corrected later.The second quote is,“Men become old,butthey never become good.”It means that while men may get older,they neverlearn to be good.Wilde seemed to have very little faith in himself or his fellowman.Second ListeningListen to the passage again and answer the following questions acco

5、rding to whatyou hear.The last question is open-ended and may have different answers.1.For what was Oscar Wilde famous?Oscar Wilde was famous for his plays,offensive public behavior and hiscynical quotations.2.What does the quote“Men become old,but they never become good”mean?It means that while men

6、 gradually become older,they never learn how to begood.3 Here is another quote from Wilde:Life is never fair.And perhaps it is agood thing for most of us that it is not.How do you understand this quote?Background Information1.Tennessee Williams(1911-1983)was an American writer whose plays aremainly

7、about people with emotional problems and are set in the Southern State.As a playwright Williams began his career while studying at the University ofMissouri and Washington University,St.Louis.The first critical triumph camein 1945 with The Glass Menagerie.The Glass Menagerie ran on Broadway forover

8、a year and received the New York Drama Critics Circle Award.Williamsnext major play,A Streetcar Named Desire(1947),won the Pulitzer Prize,andestablished him as a major American dramatist.Williams also received thePulitzer Prize for Cat on a Hot Tin Roof(1955),about the moral decay of aSouthern famil

9、y,and for The Night of the Iguana(1961).For more informationabout Williams,visit http:www.tennesseewilliamsjiet.2.Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)was one of the most famous Americannovelists,short story writers and essayists,whose deceptively simple prose stylehas influenced a wide range of writers.Hemin

10、gway was awarded the 1954 NobelPrize for literature.Hemingways first books,Three Stories and Ten Poems(1923)and In OurTime(1924),were published in Paris.The Torrents of Spring appeared in 1926and Hemingways first serious novel,The Sun Also Rises,in the same yean Thenovel deals with a group of expatr

11、iates in France and Spain,members of thedisillusioned post-World War I Lost Generation.Hemingway wrote and rewrotethe novel in various parts of Spain and France between 1924 and 1926.It becamehis first great success as a novelist.Although the novels language is simple,Hemingway used understatement a

12、nd omission,which make the textmultilayered and rich in allusions.After the publication of Men Without Women(1927),Hemingway returned tothe United States,settling in Key West,Florida.In Florida he wrote A Farewell toArms,which was published in 1929.In 1937 Hemingway observed the SpanishCivil war fir

13、sthand.As many writers did,he supported the cause of the Loyalists.In Madrid he met Martha Gellhorn,a writer and war correspondent,whobecame his third wife in 1940.In For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)Hemingwayreturned again in Spain.He dedicated the book to Gellhorn-Maria in the storywas partly modeled

14、after her.They divorced in 1945.The Old Man and the Sea,published first in Life magazine in 1952,againrestored his fame.The 27,000 word novella told a story of an old Cubanfisherman named Santiago,who finally catches a giant marlin after weeks of notcatching anything.As he returns to the harbor,the

15、sharks eat the fish lashed tohis boat.On July 2,1961,Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite shotgun athis home.For more information about Hemingway,visithttp:/www.kiriasto.sci.fi/heminswa.thm and http:/3.Robert Frost(1874-1963)was one of Americas leading 20th-century poets anda four-time winn

16、er of the Pulitzer Prize.An essentially pastoral poet oftenassociated with rural New England,Frost wrote poems whose philosophicaldimensions transcend any region.His poetry is thus both traditional andexperimental,regional and universal.He unquestionably succeeded in realizing his lifes ambition:to

17、write”a fewpoems where they will be hard to get rid of.”Visit the websites http:www.pro-net.co.iik/home/catalyst/RF/rfcovenhtml,http:w w ost/andhttp:www.english.uiiic.edii/maDs/p()ets/a f7fr()st/frost.htm for more informationabout Frost and his poems.4.T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)was a poet,playwright,and c

18、ritic.Born in St.Louis,after Harvard he studied in Europe,in 1927 becoming a British citizen.He wonthe 1948 Nobel Prize for Literature.Eliot has been one of the most daring innovators of 20th-century poetry.Never compromising either with the public or indeed with language itself,hefollowed his belie

19、f that poetry should aim at a representation of the complexitiesof modern civilization in language and that such representation necessarily leadsto difticult poetry.Despite this difficulty his influence on modern poetic dictionhad been immense.For more information about Eliot,visithttp:www.en0ish ui

20、uc edu/maps/poets/aeliot/eliot.htm 5.Claude Monet(1840-1926)was a French painter who was involved in startingImpressionism,best known for his picture of the countryside in which he wasconcerned to show the effects of light.2*To learn more about Monet,visithttp:www.academic.scranton.edu/student/KOSIN

21、SKIK2/Life.html andhttp:www.givemy.orHmonet/bioeraDh.6.Pierre Auguste Renoir(1841-1919)was a famous French painter,and one ofthe founders and exponents of the Impressionist Movement.His works arecharacterized by an extraordinary richness of feelings,warmth of response to theworld and the people in i

22、t.Renoir once said:uWhy shouldnt art be pretty?There are enough unpleasant things in the world.For more information aboutRenoir,visit http:www.renoinorg.yu/andhttp:www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/reiioir.7.Salvador Dali(1904-1989)was a Spanish surrealist painter known for hisstrange life and habits.He

23、 painted his dreams and bizarre moods in a preciseillusionistic fashion.Visit http:/orhttp:www dali to find more about Dalis life and his works.8.Sir Alfred Hitchcock(1899-1980)was a British filmmaker.He was essentiallyconcerned with depicting the tenuous relations between people and objects andrend

24、ering the terror inherent in commonplace realities.VisithttD：www imdb com/name/iim0000033/andhttp:www imdb com/Name?Hitchcock,+Alfred for more information.9.Federico Fellini(1920-1993),Italian film director,began as an exponent ofpoetic Neorealism,and later became the cinemas undisputed master ofpsy

25、chological Expressionism and surrealist fantasy.Visit the following websitesto learn more about him:http:,http:andwww.italian.vassanedu/feHiiii/imdb com/Name?Fellini,+Federico 10.Steven Spielberg(1946-)is perhaps Hollywoods best-known director and oneof the wealthiest filmmakers in the world,and als

26、o one of the most influentialfilm personalities in the history of film.Spielberg has directed or produced manyof the top-grossing fllms in Hollywood history,including E.T.:TheExtra-Terrestria Schindlers List,Saving Private Ryan9 etc.To get moreinformation about Spielberg,please visit and http:spielb

27、erqfH11.Thomas Wolfe(1900-1938)was one of the greatest writers of the 20lh century.His opulent language and unique literary style have elevated his life to legendarystatus through his four autobiographical novels:Look Homeward,Angel(1929),Of Time and the River(1935),From Death to Morning(1935),The S

28、tory of a Novel(1936).These books,along with many short stories published in magazines,complete the works that appeared during his lifetime.For more informationabout him,visit http:www.library.iincwil.edu/wolfe/wolfe.htmLhttp:www ah dcnstate nc.iis/sectioiis/hs/wolfe/wolfe.htm.12.Look Homeward,Angel

29、 is Thomas Wolfes first novel.Published in 1929,it isslightly autobiographical,and Wolfe uses the main character,Eugene Gant,as astand-in for himself.3-It shows his maturing from birth to the age of 18 in the fictional town andstate of Altamont,Catawba,which many believe to be a not-so-subtle mirror

30、 ofhis hometown,Asheville,North Carolina.Many of the characters of LookHomeward,Angel were also strongly based on real people from Asheville,andwere often not portrayed in a pleasing manner This resulted in a certainestrangement between Wolfe and his hometown,and it is speculated that thisformed som

31、e of the basis for his later work You Cant Go Home Again.13.Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827)was a German composer.He isuniversally recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western Europeanmusic tradition.Beethovens works crowned the classical period and alsoeffectively initiated the romanti

32、c area in music.His astonishing Third Symphony(1803)was the thunderclap that announced the romantic century,and itembodies the titanic but rigorously controlled energy that was the hallmark ofhis style.He began to lose his hearing from c.1795;by c.1819 he was totally deaf.For his last 15 years he wa

33、s unrivaled as the worlds most famous composer.Inmusical form he was a considerable innovator,widening the scope of sonata,symphony,concerto,and string quartet.His greatest achievement was to raiseinstrumental music,hitherto considered inferior to vocal,to the highest plane ofart.The websites http:w

34、ww.I provide more information about him andhis works.14.Oscar Wilde(1854-1900)was an Irish playwright,novelist,poet,and shortstory writer.Known for his wit and flamboyance,he was one of the mostsuccessful playwrights of late Victorian London,and one of the greatestcelebrities of his day.As the resul

35、t of a famous trial,he suffered a dramaticdownfall and was imprisoned for two years of hard labor after being convicted ofthe homosexual offences.The following websites contain the information aboutOscar Wildes biography,career highlights,photos and quotes:,http:www.victorianweb.org/authors/wilde/wi

36、ldeov.html andhttp:Heinrich Pestalozzi(1746-1827)was a Swiss educational reformer.Between 1805 and 1825 he directed the Yverdon Institute,which drew pupils andeducators from all over Europe.His teaching method emphasized group ratherthan individual recitation and focused on such participatory activi

37、ties as drawing,writing,singing,physical exercise,model making,collecting,mapmaking,andfield trips.Among his ideas,considered radically innovative at the time,weremaking allowances for individual differences,grouping students by ability ratherthan age,and encouraging formal teacher training.The foll

38、owing websites havemore information about Pestalozzi:http:www.hcinrich-pestalozzi.de/en/ziirbiographie/kurzbioiraphic andhttD：/www.ibe.unesco.org/oublications/ThinkersPdf/Destaloe.PDF.TextThe Tail of FamePara 1.An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who,when hecaptures it,does n

39、ot know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty ofsuccess is that it often leads those who seek such success to Darticipate in their owndestruction.1.An artist(who seeks fame)is like a dog chasing its own tail who,when hecapture it,does not know what else to do but to continue chasing

40、 it.(Para.1)艺 术 家 追 求 成 名，如 同 狗 自 逐 其 尾，一 旦 追 到 手，除 了 继 续 追 逐 不 知 还 能 做 些 什 么。Meaning:An artist who tries to achieve fame will not stop doing so even when hesucceeds in getting it,just as a dog tries to get its own tail.chase:vt.run after someone or something in order to catch themPolice chased the

41、thief and eventually recovered the missing money.警 察 紧 追 小 偷，最 后 把 丢 失 的 钱 找 了 回 来。The kids chased each other in the garden.孩 子 们 在 花 园 里 相 互 追 逐。2.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success toparticipate in their own destruction.(Para.1)成 功 之 残 酷 正 在 于 它 常 常 让 那 些 追 逐

42、 成 功 者 自 寻 毁 灭。Meaning:The harsh reality of success is that it often destroys those who try hardto achieve it.participate in:take part in or become involved in an activityEveryone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.班 里 的 每 个 人 都 应 该 积 极 参 加 这 些 讨 论。They wanted oppo

43、rtunities to participate in the decision-making process.他 彳 门 希 望 有 机 会 参 与 决 策 制 定。Para 2.Dont quit your dayjob!”is advice frequently given by understandablypessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard tosucceed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best,and many end

44、 up emotionally if notfinancially bankrupt.Still,impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans andpraise from peers may spur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fames imperialglory is not easily resisted.3.Dont quit your day job!”is advice frequently given by understandablypessimistic fam

45、ily members and friends to a beddin口 发 芽 artist who is tryinghard to succeed.(Para.2)对 一 名 正 努 力 追 求 成 功 并 刚 刚 崭 露 头 角 的 艺 术 家,其 亲 朋 常 常 会 建 议“正 经 的 饭 碗 不 能 丢！”他 们 的 担 心 不 无 道 理。Meaning:The budding artisfs family and friends frequently advise him againstgiving up his day job.Their feeling that the a

46、rtist might fail in his pursuit isunderstandable.仁 A“day job”refers to the normal job where one earns most of their money.A“budding artist”is one who is beginning to develop or show signs of futuresuccess in a particular area.pessimistic:a.expecting that bad things will happen in the future or thats

47、omething will have a bad result.I am deeply pessimistic about the future.我 对 未 来 感 到 极 其 悲 观。This may sound like putting the cart before the horse and being unnecessarilypessimistic.这 听 起 来 像 是 本 末 倒 置，是 不 必 要 的 悲 观。4.The conquest of fame is difficult at b est,充 其 量;至 多 and many end up 结 束、告 终 emoti

48、onally if not financially bankrupt.破 产(Para.2)追 求 出 人 头 地，最 乐 观 地 说 也 困 难 重 重，许 多 人 到 最 后 即 使 不 是 穷 困 潦 倒，也 是 几 近 精 神 崩 溃。Meaning:Even under the most favorable circumstances,gaining fame is difficult,and in the end many artists fail emotionally even if they do not fail financially.at best:even when

49、considered in the most positive way 充 其 量；至 多 The meeting was at best partially successful.这 次 会 议 充 其 量 只 是 部 分 成 功。The technique is at best ineffective and at worst dangerous.这 个 技 术 说 得 好 一 点 是 无 效 的，说 的 坏 一 点 是 有 危 险 的。end up:finally be in a particular situation or place 结 束、告 终 He ended up unem

50、ployed for a long tim e.结 果，他 失 业 了 很 长 一 段 时 间。Instead of ending up in jail he was remarkably successful.他 最 终 没 有 坐 牢，而 是 取 得 了 很 大 的 成 功。bankrupt:a.without enough money to pay what one owes.破 产 Many small businesses 企 业 will go bankrupt unless interest rates fa ll.除 非 利 息 降 低，否 则 许 多 小 企 业 将 破 产。