小升初语法专题-动词时态与情态动词 23页.docx

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1、小升初语法讲义-动词第一讲时态串烧一、课程介绍知识点1 .一般现在时的用法2 .现在进行时的用法3 .一般将来时的用法4 一般过去时的用法教学重点1 .四种时态的结构2 .四种时态的标志词3 .四种时态的用法教学难点一般过去时的用法二、要点回顾用单词的适当形式填空1. He TV at the moment, (watch)2. My mother often in bed. ( read)3.1 must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only it for 24 hours, (keep)4.1(buy) a new dictio

2、nary this weekend.5. They(take) photos near the river an hour ago.三、知识精要时态结构一般现在时am/is/are / do现在进行时am/is/are + doing一般将来时will + do/ am/is/are going to do一般过去时was/were/did四、要点讲练【要点1一般现在时1.构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，假设主语为第三人 称单数，那么谓语动词的词尾应发生变化(加-S或-es)。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形 式。详见下表：课后作业习文练笔亲爱的同学们，你

3、们的小学生活即将结束。在6年的小学阶段，你一定有不少的变化吧。请你根据自己，告诉我们你的变化吧！不少于60个词。第三讲情态动词一、课程介绍知识点1 .情态动词的定义2 .情态动词的用法3 .不同情态动词的区别教学重点1 .情态动词的用法2 .不同情态动词的区别教学难点不同情态动词的区别二、要点回顾根据中文意思，完成句子1 .她能游得很快，但我不能。She fast, but I cant.2 .他十岁时就会写诗。He poems when he was 10.3 .明天可能会下雨。It rain tomorrow.4 .你必须完成作业。You finish your homework.5 .我

4、需要马上做这件事情。I it right now.三、知识精要四、要点讲练情态动词词义否认形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会could能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可能，可以maynt可能不，不可以must必须mustnt不允许，禁止should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必will将会，愿wont不会，不愿【要点1】情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词We can be there on time tomorrow.（能力）You must obey the school rules.（命令）【要点2情态动词的

5、用法.特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。个 别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不 强，可用于过去、现在或未来。1 .位置：在陈述句中，情态动词放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前假设有助动词，那么在助动词之 前；疑问句中，那么放在主语之前。He could be here soon.Im sorry, I cant help you.I can see you. Come here.He must have been away.【要点3不同情态动词的区别can1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift

6、 this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能）2）表示请求和允许。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you cant.3）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否认句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?小贴土; could是can的过去式，could也能用在现在时使语气更加的委婉。can和could只能用于现在:时和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be

7、able to来表示。【例题】Can you ride a horse?-No, I.A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我现在可以回家吗？1. may1）表示请求和允许。否认回答时可用can比或mustnt表示“不可以,禁止”。You may take the book home. May I smoke in this room?No, you mustnt.May I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you cant / mustnt）2）表示推测、可能性（不

8、用于疑问句）。He may be very busy now.Your mother may not know the truth.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!May you happy!小贴土1 .用May I？征徇对方许可时比拟正式和客气，而用Can I？在口语中更常见。2 . might是may的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。【例题】-May I ride the horse?-No, you.A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我可

9、以用你的车吗？3.must1）表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事I must finish my work today.You must return the money today.He must be the man I am looking for.2）must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句），意思为“一定是，必然Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be waiting for you now.小贴土;must的否认形式mustn,t表示禁止，意思是“

10、不能，不许”。在回答由must引起的疑问句时,:如果是否认的，不能用mustn飞（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to （不必要）。【例题】We throw the waste in the zoo.A. neednt B. dont C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我妈妈生病了，我必须在家照顾她。4.should表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、征求、劝告、建议等You should hand in the exercise book.This should be no problem.Why should I meet him?【例题】He mor

11、e flowers, and he shouldnt cut any flowers.A. shouldnt plant B. should plants C. shouldnt planting D. should plant 【即学即用】翻译句子。你应该早早地起床。5. need作为情态动词，用法与其他情态动词一样，但nee还可用作实意动词，与其他动词一样，有 第三人称、单复数，后面需加动词不定式。I need a bike to go to school.She needs a book.She needs to finish her homework.【例题】I am so tired

12、 that I go home and have a rest now.A. neednt B. need to C. can D. will【即学即用】翻译句子。我需要你的帮助。6. will1）做助动词，表示一般将来时，将要。He will be home at six.Bob will leave school next month.2）作为情态动词时表示“愿意”“意愿”“会。I will help you.I will never do that again.Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?【例题】I do it again, tha

13、fs the last time.A. neednt B. wont C. cant D. mustnt【即学即用】翻译句子。我会帮助你的。第四讲融会贯通、知识精要时态结构用法一般现在时am/is/are / do表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状 态；一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚 语中。现在进行时am/is/are + doing表示说话时正在进行的动作。一般将来时will + do/ am/is/are going to do表示将要发生的动作或状态。一般过去时was/were/did表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存 在的状态。情态动词词义否认形式词义can能够，会cant不能，不会c

14、ould能够，会couldnt不能，不会may可能，可以maynt可能不，不可以must必须mustnt不允许，禁止should应该shouldnt不应该need需要neednt不必will将会，愿wont不会，不愿二、习题大熔炉(-)写出以下单词的三单形式、过去式和现在分词形式1. take 2. do 3. eat 4. live 5. help 6. have 7. feel 8. go (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 . I often(do) my homework in the evening. But yesterday evening I(watch)TV.2 .Did M

15、ike(go) swimming?No, he(do).1. 1(cook) noodles yesterday.2. 1(wake) up at 7 oclock this morning.5. Im going to(have) an art class next weekend.6. Bob often(help) his mother with the housework on Sundays.7. 一What did the teacher say just now?一He said that the earth(go) round the sun.8. Lets by bus.(g

16、o)9. Must I home now? No, you can stay here.(go)10. Could you me a hand.(give)(三)单项选择()1. How many students in your class?A. are there B. is there C. there are()2. Where you on your holiday?A. did ; go B did; do C. did; went()3. She last weekend.A. drank tea B. buy gifts C. is going to visit her gra

17、ndparents()4. He usually on the weekends.A. reads booksB. slept C. see a film()5.1 it was too cold, and I go camping.A. think; cant B. thought; couldnt C. think couldnt()6. You go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧).A. couldB. mightC. should()7. When you the bike?一Last month.A.have; bought

18、B. did; buy C. do; buy()8. His uncle in three days.A. will returnB. returns C. returned()9. Could you see at night?A. starB. starsC. stares( )10.Chen Ling some pictures of Big Ben last year.A. took B. rodeC .hurt()11.Look! Lucy under the tree.A. reads B. is reading C. read()12.Can you speak English?

19、 - No, I .A. mustnt B. cant C. couldnt()13.Jim come tonight, but he isn*t very sure yet.A. should B. might C. would()14.The children play football on the road.A. could B. must C. mustnt()15.You watch TV after finishing your homework.A. would B. canC. should()16.The famous writer one new book now .A.

20、 is writing B. writes C. wrote()17. My friend, Lucy from Canada.A. are B. come C. comes()18. -Is she something? Is it fish?-Yes. Would you like?A. eat, eats B. eating; to eat C. to eat; eating()19.一Hurry up! Its time to leave. 一OK.A. Tm coming. B. Til come. C. Tve come.()20. Must I go home now? No,

21、you stay here.A. can B. must C. should(四)连词成句know you do how that (?)1. was there library no my in school old (.)couldnt my bike ride 1(.)2. am I class in active very now(?)no gym there was my school in ago years twenty(.)（五）句型转换。1 .He has a piece of bread for breakfast every day.（就划线局部提问）for breakf

22、ast every day?2 .Jackie has lunch at school.（改为一般疑问句）Jackie lunch at school ?3 .John usually brushes his teeth before he goes to bed.（用 what 对划线局部提问）What John usually before he goes to bed.4 .They go to bed early.（改为一般疑问句）they to bed early?5 .Mrs. Smith is busy now. She is doing her housework at hom

23、e.（把句子改写成句） Mrs. Smith is her housework at home.1. 1 am very busy now.（改为同义句）I am very busy.2. 1 picked oranges on the farm last week.（对划线局部提问） you oranges last week?8. We ate lots of delicious food last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句） you lots of delicious food last Spring Festival?9. Lily likes spring b

24、est.（对划线局部提问） season Lily like best?10. You can take this book.（改为否认句）（六）习文练笔题目要求上周末，外面正在下雨，你和你的家人不得不呆在家里。你们都做了什么？请用一般过去时 记录下你和家人的周末。首句已给出。思路点拨1 .时态：一般过去时；人称：第一人称和第三人称U2 .可使用一些固定的句型结构，注意人称以及动词的过去式。词汇热身待在家里清扫房间动词be动词haveI am a studentI have a pen.You are a studentYou have a pen.He (She) is a student.

25、He (She) has a pen.We (You, They) are students.We (You, They) have pens.小贴士1 .一般现在时的三单用法:;当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变:化规那么如下： 1） 一般在动词后直接加 s。如：talk -talks, live -lives, stay-stayso：2）以 s, x.,ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词在其后加 es。如： watch -watches, wash -washes, go -goeso）用法Z辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如：

26、carry - carries, fly -flieso常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/ year.等。例如：I go to school every day except Sunday.除了星期日，我每天上学。b.表示一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中。例如：The earth moves/ goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。【例题】The students of Class One an English class every day.A. hasB.

27、have C. had D. having【即学即用】My friend, Lucy from Canada.A. be B. come C. comesD. are【要点2现在进行时1 .构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否认式及疑看报纸一起连句成篇It was rainy last weekend. My family and T第一讲要点回顾：1. is watching2. reads3. keep4. bought5. took要点1 BC要点2 CC要点3 CA要点4 BB习文练笔【参考范文】Dear Amy,My name is Sarah.

28、Tm 13. Im tall and thin. I like swimming. My father is 40.Hes tall and strong, He likes reading books. He is an engineer. He works in a car company. He goes to work by car. My mother is 39. Shes short and thin. She likes cooking. She is a sales person. She works in a bookstore. She goes to work on f

29、oot.Yours,Sarah 第二讲 要点回顾：（一）1. were2. sitting3. saw4. studying5. has（二）1. is playing2. were3. will go/ is going to go4. dont/didnt finish5. turned on要点 1Bhappened要点 2iswatchinggives要点 3isgoing to makewill get习文练笔【参考范文】My changesI was 1.2 meters tall before.But now T am 0.4 meters taller than before.

30、 T am 1.6 meters tall now. I was 38 kilograms before.I am 45 kilograms now. I am heavier than before. My hobby was watching TV before/in thepast. But now I like playing badminton. Everyday I play badminton after school. I think sports can make me stronger.第三讲要点回顾1. can swim2. could write3. may4. mus

31、t5. need to do/do要点 1 C Can I go home now?要点 2 DMay I use your car?要点 3D My mother is ill. I must stay at home and look after her.要点 4D You should get up early.要点 5 B I need your help要点 6 B I will help you.第四讲（-）1. takes took taking2. does done doing3. eats ate eating4. lives lived living5. helps he

32、lped helping6. has had having7. feels felt feeling8. goes went going（二）1. do watched2. go didnt3. cooked4. woke5. have6. helps7. goes8. go9. go10. give（三）1-5 AAAAB 6-10 CBABA 11-15BBBCB 16-20ACBAA（四）1. How do you know that?2. There was no old library in my school.2.1 couldnt ride my bike.4. Am I ver

33、y active in class now?5. There was no gym in my school twenty years ago.（五）1. What does hehave2. Does; have3. does; do4. Do; go5. busy doing6. at this moment7. Where; did; pick8. Did; eat9. Which; does10. You cant take this book.（六）【参考范文】It was rainy last weekend.My family and I stayed at home all d

34、ay. In the morning my mother cleaned the room. And my father read the newspaper. My mother cooked the food at noon and I helped her wash the vegetables. After lunch, I did my homework. In the evening, we watched TV together. We had a happy weekend.问式的结构如下:肯定式否认式疑问式I am working now.You are working no

35、w.He (She) is working now.We (You, They) are working now.I am not working now.You are not working now.He (She) is not working now.We (You, They) are not working now.Am I working now?Are you working now?Is he (she) working now?Are we (you, they) working now?2 .用法a.表示说话时正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, at the mo

36、ment等，look, listen也是现在进行时的标志词。 例如：Who are you waiting for?你在等谁？b. 一些表示位置移动的词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等，常用现在进行时态来 表示将来时。例如：He is coming soon.他不久就要来了。My family is moving to Beijing next month.我们家下个月要搬到北京。【例题】Where is your father, Mike?He in the kitchen.A.cooks B.cooked C. is cooking D. has

37、 cooked【即学即用】Look! Janes grandmotherwith some aged people in the park.A. dances B. dancedC. is dancing D. was dancing【要点3一般将来时L构成：动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语, will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称， 一般也用willo在口语中，常用shallo will的缩写形式，II, shall not的缩写形式为：shant, will not的缩写形式为：wont。详见

38、下表：肯定式否认式疑问式not的缩写形式为：wont。详见下表:肯定式否认式疑问式I (We) shall / will go there.I (We ) shall / will not go there.Shall I (we) go there?You (He, She, They) will go there.You (He, She, They) will not go there.Will you (he, she, they) go there?2 .用法a. will do结构：表示将要发生的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, the day aft

39、er tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few day, in the future ,soon, from now on, in+一段时间， 等。例如：Ill go and see her next Friday.我下周五去看她。b. be going to do结构：表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事，be going to结构中 的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如：Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain.看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。c. there be句型的一般将来时：

40、表示将来某地会有某人或某物，构成为:there will be或thereis /are going to be,用is或are要看后面的名词。否认句在will后加not,疑问句把will提到there 前。例如：There will be a football match in our school tomorrow.明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。小贴土=?| ： there will be句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出? II11：现表示拥有关系的have或has；句中的be只能使用原形，不能变化成它的具体形式。：II112=/【例题】Look a

41、t the black clouds. It tomorrow.A. rains B. will be going to rain C. is going to rain D. be going to rain 【即学即用】There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. is going to be B. will be going to C. will going to be D. will go to be【要点4一般过去时L构成：一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。. I 匕 J 1 1否认式疑问式.般I (You, He, She, We,I (You,

42、 He, She, We, They)Did you (I, he, she, we, they)动词They) worked there.did not work there.work there?beI (He, She, It) was there.I (He, She, It) was not there.Was I (he, she, it) there?动词We ( You, They) wereWe (You, They) were notWere you (we, they) there?therethere.haveI (You, He, She, We,I (You, He

43、, She, We, They)Had I (you, he, she, we, they)动词They) had books.had not/ didnt have anyany books?或 Did I (you,bookshe )have any books?2 .用法表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day (前几天)，just now, once upon a time, in+过去时间，in the old da

44、ys, at that time/moment, a few days/ months/ weeks/ years ago 等。例如：He left for Beijing yesterday morning.他昨天上午到北京去了。【例题】I have been to Shanghai. I there last month.A. goB. went C. goes D. go to【即学即用】一 Tom visit his uncle yesterday afternoon?一No, heA. Did; did B. Did; didnt C. Does; doesnt D. Do; dont课后作业习文练笔题目要求写一封信给你的笔友，介绍你家人的情况。词汇热身又高又瘦看书上班步行连句成篇第二讲时态辨析一、课程介绍知识点1 . 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2 .一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3 .一般将来时be going to与will的辨析教学重点1 . 一般现在时与一般过去时的辨析2 .一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析3 .一般将来时be going to与will的辨析教学难点1 .一般现在时与现在进行时的辨析2 .一般将来时be going to与will的辨析二、要点回顾(-)填空1. are(过去