2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、2022学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1 .考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2 .本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做 在试卷上一律不得分。3 .答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写考生号和姓名。L Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a quest

2、ion will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She prefers to stay

3、 home. B. She accepts the mans advice.C. She wants to do something else. D. She doesnt like a long walk.2 . A. He needs a shower urgently. B. He doesnt need anything.C. He wants to drink something. D. He isnt sweating at the moment.3. A. She prefers to eat out. B. She is not hungry at all.C. She has

4、 a lot to do in the kitchen. D. She wants to make their own food.4. A. Skating is too hard to learn. B. The woman should quit skating.C. Skating isnt too hard for him. D. The woman should keep trying.5. A. Give up the game. B. Make a new plan.C. Have tough training. D. Avoid the opponent.6. A. He do

5、esnt like the role. B. He lacks confidence.C. He needs to know the role well. D. He should remember every word.7. A. The food tastes differently. B. The man should see a different view.C. The food is worth the price. D. The prices on the menu are ridiculous.8. A. A past overseas experience. B. A com

6、puter game.C. A coming vacation plan. D. An imaginary situation.optional 选择的；B. visual 视觉的；C. hidden 隐藏的;D. flexible 灵活的。根据 like plate size and lighting 可知，这些指的是视觉影响，故选B项。27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，我们的短期记忆也可能在食欲中发挥作用。vacancy空 缺；B. hunger 饥饿；C. supply 供给；D. memory 记忆。根据第 8 空的 “how much they remembere

7、d eating v 可知，此处指的是短期记忆的影响，故选D项。【28题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：饭后几个小时，人们的饥饿程度不是通过他们吃了多少来预测的，而是通 过他们已经看到面前有多少食物来预测的 换句话说，就是他们记得吃了多少。A. in other words换句话 说；B. as a whole作为整体；C.by all means千方百计；D. all in all总而言之。根据句意可知，后半句是对 前句的解释说明，“换句话说”，故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授杰弗里 M 布伦斯特罗姆说，这种差异表 明，记起上一顿饭对我们的食欲的

8、影响可能比实际饭量更大。A. motive动机；B.growth成长；C. appetite 胃口； D. health健康。本文主要谈论对饭量，即胃口的影响因素，故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与早期的研究一致，早期的研究表明，我们对食物的感知有时会欺骗 我们身体对食物本身的反应。A. advocate倡议；B. trick欺骗；C.justify为辩解、说明；D. enhance巩固o 根据后文的 “people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two occasions produced different

9、levels of hunger-related hormonesn可知，此处指的是我们对事物的感知带来的欺骗性，故选B项。31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在2011年的一项研究中，在两个不同的场合喝同一杯380卡路里的奶昔的人产生了不同水平的饥饿相关激素，这取决于奶昔的标签上说它含有620卡路里还是140卡路里。A. identical同样的；B.alternative可供选择的;C. dependent依赖的；D. separate分隔的。根据语境可知， 这是一个对比实验，在不同的场合喝同样的食物，符合实验逻辑，故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. labe

10、l标签；B.function功能；C.usage用途；D.material材料。根据常识 可知，食物的卡路里数量一般标记在标签上，故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，参与者报告说，当他们认为自己摄入了更高热量的奶昔时，会感到更 饱。A. wiser更明智的;B. healthier更健康的；C.happier更开心的；D. fuller更饱的。根据前文提到欺骗性 可知，当参与者认为自己吃了更高热量的食物时，会觉得更饱，这正是欺骗性的一种体现，故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所谓的正念饮食策略可以在我们吃饭时对抗分心。distress忧虑、悲伤；B. wast

11、e废物；C.distraction分散注意力；D.fullness饱。根据前文提到的不集中注意力的饮食会增加饮食消 耗可知，我们需要对抗这种饮食中的分心来控制食物摄入量，故选C项。35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过使用注意饮食的技巧，你有机会通过变得更加自我意识和适应身体的饥饿 提示来改变你目前的饮食习惯。A. employing雇佣，运用；B. perceiving感知；C.clarifying澄清；D. assuming假定。根据“mindful eating techniques”可知，此处指的是采用正念饮食策略，故选A项。Section BDirections: Read the

12、 following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)When I step out onto the deck, I definitel

13、y feel the Arctic chill. Thats not surprising. Tm a good hundred miles inside the Arctic Circle; in fact, you cant get much farther north and still be in Sweden. This is Abisko Mountain Station, perhaps the crown jewel of the Swedish mountain lodges(小屋). Im back for a second time to this remote, sce

14、nic spot.Last Autumn, a heavy snowstorm trapped me in my tent for days and eventually forced me to go to the station, a comfortable place. I discovered a different side to Abisko. People come here for many reasons - some to hike, some to climb, some to cross-country ski. But theres yet another entir

15、ely different attraction here. Looking out from the deck of the train station, above a huge lake, in the upper sky of the North Pole, the Aurora, as we often refer to the northern light, mixed with green and red, was giving off ghostly light, rolling across the dark night sky.The Aurora may be old h

16、at to those who live this far north, but for the rest of us it is an unforgettable experience. The lights here were so appealing to us we quickly forgot the discomfort of the cold.One of the attractions in Abisko is the Tometrask. Its a huge lake, which extends more than 70 kilometres long just nort

17、h of the station, creates an unusual weather phenomenon that keeps the skies above the station clear even when fog or clouds blanket most of northern Sweden. The sky in this area is mostly clear all year around.Abisko has a lot to offer to make it an ideal place to view the Aurora. It is far from an

18、y city lights. The station operates a ski lift to the top of Nuolja Peak, more than 3,000 feet high. For the first time this year, a cafe at the top of the mountain has been turned into a viewing platform for the Northern Lights, called the Aurora Sky Station. Also, the station posts forecasts each

19、night of expected Aurora activity, collected from scientific observations arriving via computer, so visitors may choose the best viewing time.36. What was the reason for the authors first visit to the lodge?A. He went there in search of the Aurora.B. He needed equipment to keep him warm.C. He was fo

20、rced there by the weather.D. He had to make his food supply there.37. The phrase “old hat” in 3rd paragraph probably mean A. severe and strugglingB. familiar and unexcitingC. strange and shockingD. mysterious and adventurous38. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT a factor

21、that makes Abisko an ideal place to view the Aurora?A. There is a mountain viewing platform.B. Weather forecasts are available.C. There are no city lights nearby.D. There is a cafe shop there.39. The authors overall opinion of Abisko is that.A. despite the severe weather, its an impressive placeB. p

22、eople have overestimated its popularityC. its not as popular as it deserves to beD. the cold weather worsens the Aurora viewing experience there【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典的阿比斯科，那是一个观赏极光的理想地点。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “This is Abisko Mountain Station, perhaps the crown jewel of the

23、 Swedish mountain lodges（小屋）.（这是阿比斯科山站，也许是瑞典山小屋中皇冠上的明珠）”及第二段中的“Last Autumn, a heavy snowstorm trapped me in my tent for days and eventually forced me to go to the station, a comfortable place. I discovered a different side to Abisko.（去年秋天，一场暴风雪困在我帐篷数日，最终迫使我去车站，一个舒适的地 方。我发现了阿比斯科的另一面）”可推知，作者第一次去小屋，因为他

24、是被天气逼到那里的。故选C。37题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文 “but for the rest of us it is an unforgettable experience. The lights here were so appealing to us we quickly forgot the discomfort of the cold.（但对我们其他人来说，这是一次难忘的经历。这 里的光如此吸引我们，我们很快就忘记了寒冷的不适）”可知，上下文存在转折关系。由此推知，极光对于 那些生活在遥远北方的人来说可能已经很熟悉了、不再有吸引力。由此可知，划线词组。Id hat与famil

25、iar and unexciting（熟悉而乏味）意思接近。故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 “ Abisko has a lot to offer to make it an ideal place to view the Aurora. It is far from any city lights. The station operates a ski lift to the top of Nuolja Peak, more than 3,000 feet high. For the first time this year, a cafe at the top of the

26、 mountain has been turned into a viewing platform for the Northern Lights, called the Aurora Sky Station. Also, the station posts forecasts each night of expected Aurora activity, collected from scientific observations arriving via computer, so visitors may choose the best viewing time.（阿比斯科有很多可以提供的

27、东 西，使它成为观赏极光的理想地点。它远离任何城市的灯光。该车站设有一条滑雪缆车，可直达3000多英 尺高的诺奥尔加峰。今年，山顶上的一家咖啡馆首次被改造成北极光的观景台，被称为极光天空站。止匕外， 气象站每天晚上都会发布预计极光活动的预测，这些预测是通过计算机收集的科学观测数据，因此游客可 以选择最佳观赏时间）”可知，“阿比斯科有一家咖啡馆”不是使阿比斯科成为观赏极光的理想地点的因素。 故选Do【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Im back for a second time to this remote, scenic spot.（这是我第二次回到这个 偏僻的风景区）”，第三段中

28、的“The lights here were so appealing to us we quickly forgot the discomfort of the cold.（这里的光如此吸引我们，我们很快就忘记了寒冷的不适）”及最后一段中的“Abisko has a lot to offer to make it an ideal place to view the Aurora.（阿比斯科有很多可以提供的东西，使它成为观赏极光的理想地点）” 可推知，作者对阿比斯科的总体看法是，尽管天气恶劣，但这是一个令人印象深刻的地方。故选A。（B）（You may read the questions

29、first.）Four types of learnersType A LearnerPeople in this group adapt observations into complex but logical theories. They think problems through in a logical way. They tend to be perfectionists who wont rest easy until everything is reasonable. They like to analyze and are keen on basic principles

30、and theories. They pay great attention to logic, so questions they frequently ask are: “”, and “How does this go with that?”. They tend to be objective, approaching problems in a consistently logical manner. This is their mental set and they reject anything that conflicts with it. They prefer to max

31、imize certainty and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgements. Type B LearnerThese people are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. Theypositively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They want to try ou

32、t the new ideas in the courses in practice. They also tend to be impatient with random discussions, and their attention soon begins to wander if they feel they are going round in circles. They are practical, down to earth and like making practical decisions and solving problems. They see problems an

33、d opportunities as a challenge, and their philosophy is: “There is always a better way and “If it works, its good.Type C LearnerPeople in this group involve themselves fully in new experiences. They are open-minded, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about anything new. Their philosophy is: Ti

34、l try anything once”, so they tend to act first and consider the consequences afterwards. Their days are filled with activities. As soon as the excitement from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the next, as they are only interested in gaining new experiences but are bored with car

35、rying out their plans and they lack perseverance. They constantly involve themselves with others but, in doing so, they seek to center all activities around themselves.Type D LearnerThey collect data, both first-hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclus

36、ion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone making definitive judgments for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be cautious. They like to consider all possible angles before making a move, and will be reluctant to bec

37、ome involved in activities that others put forward without having carefully considered the likely outcome.40. Which of the following can be put into the blank in the first paragraph?A. Do we need more experiments?B. Do you understand me?C. Do you believe the theory?D. Does it make sense?41. Suppose

38、John is a person with fresh ideas and willing to check everything out to see what happens. Which type of learner is John?A. Type A LearnerB. Type B LearnerC. Type C LearnerD. Type D Learner42 Which of the following is NOT true about Type D learner?A. They are keen on making immediate conclusion.B. T

39、heir conclusion comes after data analysis.C. They outline a possible outcome before taking an activity.D. They prefer not to give out their viewpoints randomly.【答案】40.D41. B 42. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种类型的学习者。【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据设空处上文“They pay great attention to logic, so questions they frequently ask

40、are（他们非常注重逻辑，所以他们经常问的问题是）”及下文“How does this g。with that?（这个和那个怎么搭配？）”可 知，A型学习者注重逻辑分析及实用性。由此推知，Does it make sense?（这有意义吗？）属于A型学习者会 问的问题，可以放在第一段的空白处。故选D。41题详解】细节理解题。根据 Type B Learner 部分中的 “These people are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positive

41、ly search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They want to try out the new ideas in the courses in practice.（这些人热衷于尝试想法、理论和技术，看看它们在实践中是否有效。他们积极地寻找新的想法，并抓住第一个机会进行应用实验。他们想 在实践中试验课程中的新思想）”可知，假设约翰是一个有新想法的人，他愿意检查每件事，看看会发生什 么，那么约翰属于B型学习者。故选B。【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Type

42、D Learner 部分的 “They collect data, both first-hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone making definitive judgments for as long as possi

43、ble.Their philosophy is to be cautious.（他们收集第一手和他人的数据，更喜欢在得出结论之前仔细思考。对经历 和事件的数据进行彻底的收集和分析是最重要的，所以他们倾向于尽可能地推迟做出明确的判断。他们的 哲学是谨慎）”可知，D型学习者非常谨慎。由此可知，“他们热衷于立即作出结论”的表述不正确。故选（C）In recent years, a lot of business thinking books have been published, all of which search fbr new answers on how to run organizat

44、ions effectively. Obliquity tells us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics demonstrates new models of production based on community and collaboration. Peter Millers new book, Smart Swarm, however, challenge leaders to think differently. He stud

45、ied creatures, like bees and ants and he found their habits, actions and instincts can be applied to business. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. The examples of how ant colonies （蚁群）or beehives （蜂窝）work are appealing models for orga

46、nizations and systems that can be applied in a business context/9 he says.So how exactly can bees help run organizations? By the way they work independently before they work together,“ Miller says. Picture a huge beehive hanging on a tree, with about 5,000 bees competing for space. They know their p

47、opulation is getting too big, leaving them unsafe. They must all agree to find a new home. In todays business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under intense pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the biggest organizations can get it

48、dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds?According to Miller, swarm theory can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first

49、realize they have a problem. They then fly into the neighborhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a “dance“ to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes - and a decision is made. Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to