江苏省扬州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语Word版含解析.docx

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1、江苏省扬州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第一部分:听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How many days does the woman work each week?A. Two days.B. Three days.C. Five days.【答案】B【解析】原文W: I have a new job and I ha

2、ve to work on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. What about you?M: Well, I only work on weekends, and Im at school on weekdays.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How will the woman go to the store?A. By bus.B. On foot.C. By taxi.【答案】B【解析】【原文】 W: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the nearest 7-Eleven is? I dont know my

3、 way around here.M: Sure, but its pretty far. You might want to take a taxi or a bus.W: Oh, Id rather walk. I need to lose weight anyway.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What makes the biscuits taste better?A. The package.B. The flavor.C. The discount.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Hey, Bob, you look so excited with your newl

4、y-bought biscuits. Do they taste so delicious?M: Well, its not actually the biscuits. Its the price. I got five pence off the packet a great discount! So every bite tastes better because its cheaper!留在嘴里）”以及The home-grown fruit is an eatable case for planting a home garden.（自家菜园生产的水果 是种植家庭菜园的一个可食用的例

5、子）”可知，作者比较这两种草带是为了突出家庭菜园的价值。故选B 项。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段 u Planting cool-wcathcr greens can seem meaningless as well-stocked supermarket shelves arc available all week.（种植喜凉的绿色蔬菜似乎毫无意义，因为超市货架上每周都有充足的存货）” 以及第四段 “That attitude fails to understand the basic appeal of gardening: it mistakes the product for

6、the purposed这种态度无法理解园艺的基本吸引力：它错误地将产品用于目的）”可知，Thaiaililude指代的是 上文中认为种植菜园亳无价值的态度。故选A项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段 “Creative gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. Little animals may have the habit of taking single bites of cucumbers, beans and tomatoes. And even expert gardeners can lose a seasons

7、 harvest to uncooperative weather.（富有创造力的园丁可能会为他们的土壤种植错误的作物。小动物可能有咬 一口黄瓜、豆类和西红柿的习惯。即使是专业的园丁也会因为不合作的天气而失去一个季节的收成）”可 知，菜园可能会由于各种原因无法获得收成，得不到你想要的东西。故选C项。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据最后段“The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing il.（M艺的真正乐趣在于花时间 做园艺）” 以及 u A gardeners memories center not around the food produ

8、ced, but around long summer afternoons with hands in the dirt of a home garden, surrounded by family.（园丁的记忆不是围绕着所生产的食 物，而是围绕着漫长的夏日下午，双手放在家中花园的泥土里，周围是家人）”可知，要找到园艺的真正 乐趣，我们要花时间和家人一起照料菜园。故选B项。CAs you may have noticed, despite years of efforts to get more women into management, most company bosses arc s

9、till men. Encouraging women to be more confident isnt the best way to deal with the leadership gap between males and females. As a matter of fact, women have greater chances of becoming bosses in the opt-out model than they do in the opl-in model.In the opt-in model, women often undervalue their own

10、 skills. Some come from cultures that teach ihem to be modest; others fear seeming too active. Therefore, women are less confident and tend to work more years than men do before applying for a promotion. They basically need to feel super ready.The researchers decided to overturn the model: What if a

11、ll qualified applicants running for leadership roles have the choice to give up if they want to? This so-called opt-out model pushes companies to keep hiring employees unless the staff take steps to show they dont want to participate.Researchers tested the idea in the lab. In a series of experiments

12、, more than 1,000 men and women worked in teams on a variety of tasks. They were all evaluated on the quality of their work, and the highest performers naturally became bosses unless they actively gave up. Surprise: The management niale/female gap narrowed in the opt-out model.In another group where

13、 people needed to opt in to be considered for a leadership role, the imbalance continued, even when women knew they were top performers and would surely become the boss if they applied. The suggestion is that all those efforts to support equality have little effect unless it is naturally accepted th

14、at women are suitable for leaderships.Opt-in models arc everywhere in the workplace. Being aware of the problem and then finding ways to change the models is really important. If women have to opt in, the message is “you shouldn,t consider signing up unless you think youre really competent and compe

15、titive. In an opt- out system, however, the message is everyone is qualified and under consideration. Its a policy that basically brings better choices fbr managers and it is really good for the future of organizations.29. Whats the problem with the management of most companies?A. There are fewer wo

16、men than men in the leadership.B. Many companies encourage men to be leaders.C. Women are lacking in confidence in the office.1) . It is years since women started fighting for promotions.30. How do women behave in the opt-in model?A. They work hard to improve their relationships.B. They determine to

17、 beat their male colleagues.C. They hesitate before going for a promotion.D. They refuse to give up competitions with men.31. What did the researchers find in a series of experiments?A. Top performers would be undoubtedly selected as leaders.B. Many people failed to understand womens working abiliti

18、es.C. Opt-out models increased the number of women in leadership.D. More opportunities were supposed to be offered fbr men.32. Why is the opt-out model good for the future of organizations?It favors women over men.B. Il treats every employee on a fair basis.C. 1（ enables staff to make progress.D. It

19、 smoothes the way for future leaders.33. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. The way to more women bosses.B. Leadership for men and women.C. Secret to promotion for workers.D. Two models for career building.【答案】29.A30. C 31.C 32. B 33. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是尽管多年来一直在努力让更多女性进入管理层

20、，但大多数公司 的老板仍然是男性。鼓励女性更加自信并不是解决男性和女性领导力差距的最佳方法，文章提出了解决 这一问题的新路径。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第段中的despile years of efforts lo gel more women inlo management, most company bosses are still men.（尽管多年来一直在努力让更多女性进入管理层，但大多数公司的老板仍然是男性。）” 可知，大多数公司的管理都存在的问题是领导阶层中女性比男性少。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Therefore, women arc less conf

21、ident and tend to work more years than men do before applying for a promotion. They basically need to feel super ready.（因此，女性没有那么自信，在申请升 职前往往比男性工作更长时间。他们基本上需要感觉自己准备好了。）”可知，在。pt-in模式中，女性在 升职前犹豫不决。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Surprise: The management male/female gap narrowed in the opt-out model.（令人 惊讶的是:

22、在opt-out模式中，管理层男女差距缩小了。）”可知，这一模式增加了女性管理者的数豉。故 选C.【32题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “In an opt- out system, however, （he message is everyone is qualified and under consideration. Its a policy that basically brings better choices fbr managers and it is really good fbr the fulure of organizations4然而，在opt-out系统中，信息

23、是每个人都是合格的，都在考虑之中。这项政策给 管理者带来了更好的选择，对组织的未来也很有好处。）”可知，opt-out模式对组织的未来有好处是因为 它公平对待每一位员工。故选B。【33题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的 “As you may have noticed, despite years of efforts to get more women into management, most company bosses are still men. Encouraging women to be more confident isnt the best way to deal

24、 with the leadership gap between males and females. As a matter of fact, women have greater chances of becoming bosses in the opt-out model than they do in the opt-in model.（你可能已经注意到，尽管多 年来一直在努力让更多女性进入管理层，但大多数公司的老板仍然是男性。鼓励女性更加自信并不是解 决男性和女性领导力差距的最佳方法。事实上，opt-oul模式下的女性比op（-in模式下的女性更有可能成 为老板。）”可知，文章论述了

25、女性管理层数量偏少的原因，提出解决这一问题的新路径，因此最好的题 目是A选项“The way to more women bosses.（带来更多女老板的道路。）”,故选A。第二节七选五（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Slralegies to Strengthen Ybur Immune SystemInfections are unavoidable and everyone can get sick. 34 You scratch, cough, ache, and sweat. When y

26、ou are getting old, your immune system weakens. Fortunately, there are other ways you can strengthen your immune system, besides healthy diets and regular exercise.Socialize more.People with richer social lives enjoy better health and life. With more communication or company, they release the stress

27、 and strengthen happiness, which promotes their immune system. 35 If they did gel sick, they would have fewer symptoms for a shorter period of time.36Vitamin D plays a number of roles in promoting normal immune function. Unfortunately, nearly one-third of the U.S. population lack vitamin D. Because

28、few foods contain much vitamin D, your best bet is to regularly spend short periods of time in （he sun （without sunscreen）.Choose vitamin pills wisely.Studies link lack of vitamins A, B6, C, D and E to reduced immune function. But scientists have yet to set exact levels of these nutrients for best i

29、mmune function. For instance, research has not proved the function of vitamin C in prevention and treatment of the common cold. Some micronutrients, notably vitamin A, can be poisonous if consumed too much. 37Immunize yourself.38Most immunizations occur during childhood to ensure a healthy growth. F

30、or adults of all ages, vaccinations （接种疫苗）strengthen their immune system and defend them against possible disease attacks.A. Take more exercise.B. Expose yourself in the Sun.C. Routine vaccinations kill a number of diseases.D. Therefore, it is wise to take proper vitamin pills.E. Nutritious diets ma

31、y reduce the risk of infections.F. You spend your childhood catching colds, flu and sore throat.G. That is why socially active people arc less likely to develop common colds.【答案】34. F 35. G 36. B 37. D 38. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了增强免疫系统的策略。【34题详解】上文“Infections are unavoidable and everyone can get sick

32、.（感染是不可避免的，每个人都可能生病）”说明 每个人都可能患病，以及下文“You scratch, cough, ache, and sweat.（你会抓挠、咳嗽、疼痛和出汗）”说明 你患病后会出现的病症，F项“你整个童年都在感冒、流感和喉咙痛。”说明你可能会患得的病，承上启 下，符合题意。故选F。【35题详解】上文 “With more communication or company, they release the stress and strengthen happiness, which promotes their immune system.（通过更多的交流或陪伴，他们释放压

33、力，增强幸福感，从而提高免疫力）”说明适当 的社交活动有助于提高身体免疫系统，G项”这就是为什么社交活跃的人患普通感冒的可能性较小。” 承接上文，符合题意。故选G。【36题详解】空处为本段小标题。下文Because few foods contain much vitamin D. your best bet is to regularly spend short periods of time in the sun （without sunscreen）.（因为很少有食物含有大员维生素D,你最好的选择是定期在 阳光下短时间哂太阳（不涂防晒霜）”说明晒太阳是人体获得维生素D的最好方法，B项“把

34、自己暴露 在阳光下。”可以作为本段的标题句，符合题意。故选B。【37题详解】上文 “Some micronutrients, notably vitamin A, can be poisonous if consumed too much.（一些微量营养素，尤 其是维生素A,如果摄入过多可能有毒）”说明过量摄入维生素可能对人体有害，D项“因此，适量服用 维生素片是明智的。”说明要适量摄入维生素，符合题意。故选D。【38题详解】上文“Immunize yourself.（给自己接种疫苗）”为本段标题句，说明要接种疫苗，C项中Roulinevaccinations是关键词，C项“常规接种疫苗可杀死

35、许多疾病。”说明接种疫苗的好处，符合题意。故选Co第三节拓展阅读（共5小题:每小题1分，满分5分）根据译林版生活中的太空技术、黑布林英语化身博士，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选 出最佳选项。39. Where were prosthetics first used?A. Ancient China. B. Ancient Rome. C. Ancient Egypt. D. Ancient Babylon.40. Memory foam benefits cyclists byA. reducing the air resistance of the helmetB. making t

36、he scat more comfortableC. protecting their head from possible injuriesD. absorbing shock in （heir shoes41. Unfortunately, a different solution was then found for temperature regulation, and ferrofluids were once againUput on the shelf.1 What does the underlined phrase mean?A. Considered. B. Include

37、d. C. Criticized. D. Ignored.42. Which of the following is not true about Mr. Uttcrson and Mr. Enfield?A. They are remote relatives to each other.B. They share similar interests and tastes.C. They enjoy each others company.D. Neither of them seems to be talkative.43. Dr. Lanyon died fromA. the confu

38、sion and fear he sufferedB. the poisonous potion he tookC. his bad life habit and poor healthD. the strong desire to help his friend第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项徐黑。Eight years ago, Al Nixon decided to work for the citys water departmen

39、t. From then on, he would39 at 4:30 every morning, sitting for 2 hours on a bench with a good view of the waterfront of St. Petersburg, Florida. Nixon 40 it t4life rising“ because watching a 41 made him feel good before starting his day.A year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and 42, “Seeing you

40、 sitting here every morning, I knoweverything is going to be OK. What she said changed Nixons 43 on his daily routine. After that, instead of 44 straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and striking up 45. Prettysoon, many early risers began 46 him on the bench, telling him

41、about their worries and asking him for 47 about relationships, careers, and personal problems.“I was happy to listen,“ Nixon, 59, said. 4I wanted them to walk away 48 they were not alone? Nixon lends a (n)49 to whatever problem a person wants to share. A couple once 50 to talkabout problems in their

42、 relationship. The husband was always working, rarely home, which was 51 their marriage. Nixon told him, “My friend, if you go on like this, you arc 52 to lose your wife/ The man53 that Nixon was right and agreed that he needed to slow down.His presence and his openness to listen have led some (o ni

43、ckname him the Sunshine Mayor.39.A.raiseB.ariseC.riseD.arouse40.A.recalledB.justifiedC.conveyedD.called41.A.sunriseB.sunsetC.valleyD.village42.A.declaredB.addedC.bowedD.yawned43.A.perspectiveB.detectiveC.motiveD.alternative44.A.glaringB.aimingC.staring1).driving45.A.clientsB.conversationsC.superiors

44、D.evaluations46.A.swingingB.seizingC.engagingD.joining47.A.analysisB.recognitionC.(.iefinitionD.advice48.A.imaginingB.intendingC.feelingD.convincing49.A.heartB.earC.eyeD.hand50.A.came byB.weighed upC.sorted outD.spied on51.A.shelteringB.acknowledgingC.sustaining1).ruining52.A.reliableB.likelyC.asham

45、edD.competent53.A.predictedB.admittedC.opposedD.rejected【答案】39.C40. D41. A 42. B43. A44. C 45. B46. D47. D 48. C 49.B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 “阳光市长”尼克松每天早上坐在长凳上，倾听人们的烦恼，为 人们排忧解难的故事。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他每天早上4:30起床，坐在长凳上2个小时，可以欣赏佛罗里达 州圣彼得堡的海滨风光。A. raise举起;B. arise出现;C. rise起床；

46、D. arouse唤醒。根据下文“at 4:30 every morning”可知，尼克松每天早上4:30起床。故选C项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析二句意：尼克松称之为“生命上升”，因为看日出让他在开始新的一天之前感觉良 好。A. recalled 回忆起;B. justified 辩护;C. conveyed 表达;D. called 称呼。根据下文 “itlife rising可 知，尼克松把它称呼为“生命上升”。故选D项。41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克松称之为“生命上升”，因为看日出让他在开始新的一天之前感觉良好。A.sunrise 日出；B.sunsel 日落;C.val

47、ley 山谷;D. village 村庄。根据上文“at 4:30 every morning” 以及下文“before starting his day”可知，此处表示去看日出。故选A项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，一位女士停下来打招呼，补充道：“每天早上看到你坐在这里，我 知道一切都会好起来的。 A. declared声明；B. added补充说；C. bowed鞠躬；D. yawned打哈欠。根据 下文 uSeeing you sitting here every morning, I know everything is going to be OK.” 可知，此处表示一位女士 打招呼之后，补充说了一些话。故选B项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：她说的话改变了尼克松对他FI常常规的观点。A. perspective观点；B. detective 侦探；C. motive动机；D. alternative可供选择的事物。根据下文“on his daily routine”可知,此处表示女 士所说的话改变了尼克松对于自己日常常规的观点。故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此后，尼克松不再盯着看海滨风光，而是开始