深圳八年上学期英语第一课知识点汇总.pptx

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1、第一课第一天1.useful ju:sful adj.有用的，有益的；有帮助的常在句中作表语、定语l useful前使用不定冠词只能用a，不能用an，因为它的发音以辅音因素开头l 以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多以相应的-less结尾的形容词例：uesful（有用的）-useless（无用的）careful（细心的）-careless（粗心的）helpful（有帮助的）-helpless（徒劳的）2.painter 可数名词，意为“画家，图画者”由动词 paint+erl 有的动词加后缀-er，有的动词加后缀-or构成名词例：teach-teacher；sing-singer；read-rea

2、der；visit-visitor；invent-inventorl 动词加后缀-er或-or，变成的名词多指男性，若指女性则要加后缀-ress例：actor-actress；waiter-waiteress tailorteil-tailoress author:-authoress3.cook 名词:厨师；动词：烹调，煮，烧拓展：l cooker 名词：炊具4.look up 意为“查阅，查询，仰视，向上看”，加代词放在look后面，up前面例：Look it up.查阅一下拓展：与look相关的短语l look around 向四周看l look out 向外看，当心l look lik

3、e 看起来像l look the same 看起来相同l look forward 盼望5.pick up 捡起l clean up 打扫干净l give up 放弃6.be born in/on的用法be born意为“出生”其后面接地点或时间状语。接地点名词用介词in，接时间名词时用介词on或in例：I was born in BeiJing.l 具体到某一天用on例：I was born in 1980.l 出生于某年某月用in例：I was born on May3,1973.7.show（1）出示、展示、显露、路出例：He showed his photo to me./He sho

4、wed me his photo（2）流露，表示，表现例：He showed great interest in science when he was young.（3）教、告诉、说明、指点例：She showed me the way on the map.8.ability 能力、才能l能力：不可数名词l才能：可数名词abilitiesl固定短语：have the ability to do sth有能力做某事9.intelligence才智、智慧l记忆：in+tell+igenceln.无复数形式lan intelligence test智力测验10.be famous for 和be

5、 famous as的区别lfamous for意为“因而闻名”例：HangZhou is famous for the West Lake.lbe famous as 意为“作为而著名”例：He is famous as a singer.l most famous是famous最高级，意为“最著名的”，最高级前一般加定冠词the第二天2.drawing/picture/painting的区别l drawing 指素描、线条画、铅笔画、钢笔画l picture 指图片、图画、照片等，指照片时，与photo意义相同l painting指着色的水彩画、油画1.include/including/

6、included包含包括linclude 包含、包括 vtlincluding包含、包括 介词lincluded包括在内的，常用于名词、代词之后，它和including引起的短语含义相同，但在句中的词序位置不同lme included/including me3.more than 超过、多余，其反义词为less than 意为“少于”l more than+数词 超过、多余，相当于overl no more than（=only）仅仅；l not more than 不少于、不超过 5.everywhere/nowhere/anywhere/somewhere的区别4.million意为“百

7、万”,与具体的数字连用时,不加S,后面直接加复数名词,millions of 意为“数百万的”，其后接可数名词复数,不与具体数字连用，另外，hundred，thousand和million的用法相同例：millions of people/two thousand students记忆：数字清时无S和of；数字模糊时s和of 后面跟everywhere 到处 用于肯定句nowhere 没有一处 表示否定的含义anywhere任何地方 多用于否定句和疑问句somewhere 某个地方 用于肯定句7.even 意为“甚至”，主要用于加强语气。修饰形容词、副词的比较级例：The boy is eve

8、n taller than his father.Even he doesnt know the secret.6.asas意为“与一样”，当两个比较对象在某个方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原形+as”结构，表示A与B一样例：This trww is as tall as that one.拓展：比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not+as+形容词/副词原形+as”结构，表示“A不如B样”例：Our school is not as big as yours.8.die out 意为“灭绝、消失”例：Why did they die out?例：He likes music.How

9、ever,his wife doesnt.He likes music,but his wife doesnt.9.hower和but的区别however意为“然而”转折的意味较弱可位于句首、句中或句末后面常用逗号隔开nowhere意为“但是”转折的意味很强烈位于分句的句首后面不使用逗号9.nobody不定代词，意为“没有人”相当于no one,nobady做主语时，位于动词要用单数例：The was nobody in the room.Nobody knows about it.everybody 每个人、人人somebody 某人anybody 任何人、无论谁第三天例：They are

10、coming out of the meeting room g out of 意为“从出来，在之外”词条 含义 词条 含义rush out of 从冲出来 look out of 从向外看jump out of 从跳出来 take out of 从取出来2.person/people/man的区别person 指个别人，其复数指具体的数量多于1的人people 集合名词，通常为复数，泛指人、人们，一般不指具体的人man 除指男人外，还泛指一般的人4.help sb.(to)do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，help后做宾补的不定式带to不带to均可，有时与help sb.with sth.

11、意思相同例：He often helps me(to)study English./He often helps with my Englishl help oneself to 意为“随便吃些”例：Help yourself some fish,children.l cant help doing意为“禁不住做”例：She cant help laughting.3.used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形例：I used to go to that primary school.5.just like.意为“正如

12、、正像”，like此处用作介词，意为“像”后接名词、代词、动名词例：Everyone would like a clean classroom，just like home.7.remember to do sth.与remember doing sth.区别6.something important意为“重要的事”，形容词作定语修饰somethinganythingnothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面例：I have something important to tell you.例：Remember to post his letter.I remember posting

13、 his letter.remember to do sth 记得去做某事（此事还未做）remember doing sth.记得已做过某事（此事已做完）9.how long 意为“多长时间”“多长”，也可提问物体的长度例：How long did you stay there?How long is the river?l how many+可数名词l how much+不可数名词l how often“多久一次”8.someothers 意为“一些，另一些”，others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部例：There are lots of people in the park.

14、Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.l some the others意为“一些，其余的”，others指剩下的全包含在内的，其余的人或事物例：There are many children on the beach.Some can swim but the others cant.第四天2.find out意为“了解到，弄清，发现”例：Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question.l find out，查明，找出，指通过观察、探索等努力才查明结果l fin

15、d 发现，找到，强调结果l look for 寻找，强调动作例：I lost my pen.I have looked for it everywhere，but I cant find it.Could you help me find out who has found it?l look after 照顾1.win 意为“赢得、获胜”，及物动词，后面所接的宾语一般是比赛、辩论或战斗等名词，win 也可做不及物动词例：Who won the mans 400 meters race?We must win today.l beat 意为“击败，打败，胜过”，其后所接的宾语是参加比赛的人、团

16、体例：li li beat jim and won the first prize.4.There is not any body in the room.there be 表示存在，意为“某地有某物”，be动词应与紧跟其后的主语的单复数形式保持一致。主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is 或 was，主语是可数名词复数时用are或were。l 若there be 句型中有几个并列的主语时，be动词的形式通常要与其最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致例：There is a pen and two books on the desk.There are two boys and a teacher

17、over there.3.about和on的区别“关于”about 用作介词，意为“关于”例：I have a lot of books about animals.about 指内容较为普通 不如on正式on 常常暗示内容是专门的、学术性的比about更为正式和书面化6.by 介词，意为“在.旁边，靠近”例：My house is by the river.5.above onover的区别意为“在上方”above“在上方”，表示两者不接触与below“在下面”相对on“在上”，指两者接触Beneath（在下）相对over在正上方，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指笼罩或覆盖上面与under(在

18、下）相对by乘“车、船”等Well go by boat.（指时间）不迟于You must be back by ten oclock at night（表示方法、手段等）用、靠He makes a living by selling vegetables.8.Its+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事（对于某人来说）是的，it是形式主语，没有实际意义，真正的主语数后面的动词不定式（短语），句中的sb.与不定式to do 之间存在主谓关系例：It s important for us to learn English.7.look like 意为“看起来像

19、”，like 是介词，后常接名词或代词例：She looks like his father.l look at 看l look for 寻找l look after 照看9.a weak later.意为“一周后”l“一段时间+later”，表示“之后”，常用于过去时态中例：Three days later he got to Beijing.第五天2.take picture of 意为“给拍照”，其中picture可用photos代替，也可用take a picture/photo of表达相同的含义例：We took a lot of pictures of the animals i

20、n the zoo.1.make sb.do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，make是使役动词，后跟不带to的动词不定式做宾补例：Who made Tom cry?l 最常见的使役动词有have/make/let和get，都表示“使，让”之意，其后都可跟复合宾语，但 have/make/let，后用动词不定式做宾补时不带to，而get后用动词不定式做宾补时带to例：I will have/make/let him go instead of me.=I will get him to go instead of me.3.through介词，意为“通过、透过，穿过”，强调从物体内部穿过例：

21、Light comes in through the window.4.consist of 意为“由组成，包括”例：Our team consists of 10 members.5.a number of 意为“许多”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，并可在number前加great，large等形容词来修饰，以加强语气例：I have a large number of letters to write.A number of 意为“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式，整个结构的中心词是后面的复数名词，故其后的谓语动词用复数形式the number of 意为“的数量”，后接可数名词的复数形式，整

22、个结构的中心词是number，故其后的谓语动词用单数形式例：The number of the students in our school is rising year by year.6.information 不可数名词，意为“信息，情报，资料”，通常指通过阅读、观察、调查，学习、研究等方法所收集到的信息例：I often go to the library to look for some information.7.work（1）做不及物动词，意为“工作，劳动”例：He works hard.（2）做及物动词，意为“使工作，使干活”例：He works himself too har

23、d.l work for 意为“为工作”还包含“在上班/就业/任职”例：He is working for our school.l work as意为“当.”后跟职业例:He works as a doctor in the hospital.l work out 意为“做出来，算出来”代词宾语要放在中间例：Can you work out this maths problem.8.next to 意为“在旁边，紧挨着”，后面常接表示场所、顺序等的词例：Our house is next to the park.9.英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语

24、态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态的谓语动词的构成为be+及物动词过去分词例：Many people speak English.(主动语态）English is spoken by many people.(被动语态）第六天1.teachers是名词所有格形式，意为“老师的”所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一个名词，做定语。它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加s 构成，另一种是由“介词of+名词”构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西单词形式 构成方法 举例普通单数名词 在词尾直接加s my fathers friend词尾已有-s 的复数名词 在词尾只加 Students roo

25、m词尾不带-s 的复数名词 在词尾直接加s Childrens Day 表示几个人共有的所有关系在最后一个词尾加sJane and Marys room表示几个人各自的所有关系 在每个词尾加sJanes and Marys room2.复合不定代词，someone anyone no one everyonesomething anything nothing everythingsomebody anybody nobody everybodyl 一般来说，由some 构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any 构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中l 由some 构成的复合不定代

26、词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议的等语句例：Would you like something to drink?l 复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式例:Somebody wants to see you.l 形容词修饰复合不定代词something/anything/everything/nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面3.learn about意为“获悉，得知，了解到”，about是介词，后接名词、代词做宾语，about 也可用of代替例：We re all sorry to learn about her illness.4.listen to意为“听”后接名词，代

27、词例：listen to the radio5.more than 后接数词，表示超出该数，意为“超过，多于”，相当于over例：He has been ill for more than two weeks.6.know about意为“了解、获悉、知道关于的情况”l know about+名词、代词做宾语例：I know nothing about her.l know of意为“了解”,有时可以与know about互换，但know of强调听说过、知道，但不一定了解7.maybe/perhaps/possibly/probably可能区别l maybe 副词 或许、大概-非正式场合，语

28、气比perhaps轻，常用口语例：Maybe they will let me go.l perhaps 副词可能、也许（也许如此，也许不如此，一般小于一半可能性，含有不大可能意味）例：But perhaps they dont know that yet.l possibly副词 可能、也许（可能性较大、用于否定句中表示无论如何之意例：Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attack.l Probably 副词 很可能、大概（可能性最大，几乎完全可定之意例：This is

29、 probably the best vacation Ive ever hard.8.look up 意为“查找”副词短语llook up+名词、代词做宾语，如果代词做宾语，则放在look与up之间，且不能把表示书或词典的名词作为该短语的宾语，而应在其后加介词in,再接表示书或词典的名词l如：please look it up in a dictionary.9.for example意为“例如”，插入语，可放在句首、句中和句尾，但常用逗号隔开例：We feed many animals,for example,cows,pigs,etc.10.on Earth 在地球上，在世界上，固定短语

30、lon earth 究竟，副词词性，一般用于who、what、when、why、how等疑问词后加强语气。如：Where on earth have you been just now?刚才你究竟到哪儿去了？第七天1.connect to意为“把与连接起来，使与相关联”例：Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap right away.2.one day 某一天、总有一天，时间副词3.else 别的、其它的，通常修饰不定代词something anything everything nothing someone everyone等、疑问代

31、词what who which等、疑问副词when where等，用在这些词之后例如：Who else did you see?你还看得见别人吗4.find out 查明、发现、弄清（强调经过调查研究、或仔细搜寻而得出的真相或结论）例：We shall find out the truth early or late.l look for 寻找，着重找的过程例：I looked for my cat,but I didnt find it.5.for example和such as 区别（例如）l for example 一般只列举同类人或事物中的一个为例，做插入语，可放在句首、句中、句末，一

32、般用逗号隔开。l such as一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。例如：For example,I will help you with your study I know many of them.such as Mike,Tom and Bill6.would like sth 想要某物l 相当于want sthl would like+名词、代词做宾语时的一般疑问句的答语：肯定回答一般用Yes,please.否定回答一般用NO,thanks7.expect/wait for/look forword to 区别l expect 期待、指

33、望、认为 vtl expect+名词、代词、动词不定时或从句l We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.l expect 强调等待的心境（期待某事会发生，某人会来），可以是好事，也可是坏事l wait for 强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，待在某处去等）l look forword to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”所以被期待的事情必然是愉快的事情8.You are welcome.不用谢！同意：That is all right./Not at all./My pleasure/It is my pleasure.9.be in

34、terested in 对感兴趣l 相当于show/take/have/feel interest inl interested是形容词，in 不能换成其它词10.go for a walk 去散步.11.do with 处理，动介短语，常与what连用，表示询问例：What are you going to do with your old clothes?l deal with,动介短语,解决、应付处理后面常接trouble，problem等词，deal with多与how连用表示询问例：How did you deal with your book?12.all kinds of各种各样

35、的、许多种类的，是形容词性短语+集体名词或复数名词例：all kinds of bikes13.consist of something 由某事物构成或组成例：Jam consists of fruit and sugar.14.a number of 若干、许多，后加可数名词的复数形式并可在number前加great,large,good等形容词修饰以加强语气，做主语谓语动词一般用复数l the number of 的数目the number of 做主语，谓语动词用单数例：The number of the teachers in our school is two hundred;a number of them are women teachers.15.some 和any的用法（做定语时即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词）l some意为“一些、有些”，常用在肯定句中做主语、定语或宾语；l any意为“任何、一些”，常用在疑问句、否定句中，也可用在条件状语从句中l If you have any water,please give me some.l some 也可用在表示请求的疑问句中，需要得到对方肯定回答l any也可用在肯定句中，但意思是“任一”l Any one knows that.任何人都知道那事